The document discusses several topics related to second language acquisition, including: 1) Ausubel's theory that new learning builds on prior knowledge through observation and recognition of concepts we already have. 2) Eight types of learning in the second language process including signal learning, stimulus-response learning, and concept learning. 3) Factors that influence second language learning such as transfer, interference, overgeneralization, inductive/deductive reasoning, and aptitude. 4) Different theories of language teaching including audiolingualism, suggestopedia, the silent way, total physical response, and the natural approach.

1. Katherine Feijoo

2.  The processes of perceiving, attending,
storing and recalling are central to the task
of internalizing a language.

3.  Ausubel's believes that learning of new
knowledge relies on what is already known.
That is, construction of knowledge begins
with our observation and recognition of
events and objects through concepts we
already have. We learn by constructing a
network of concepts and adding to them.

4.  Roger is not as concerned about the actual
cognitive process of learning because he
feels if the context for learning is properly
created, then human beings will, in fact,
learn everything they need to.

5.  Signal learning
 Stimulus-Response learning
 Chaining
 Verbal asociation
 Multiple Descrimination
 Concept learning
 Principle learning
 Problem solving

6.  The Second Language learning in general
occurs in the total language process that can
be further efficiently categorized and
sequenced in cognitive terms by means of
the eight types of learning

7.  Transfer: It has to do with the carryover of
previous knowledge to subsequent learning.
Ex: positive and negative transfer
 Interference: A previous item is incorrectly
transferred or associated with an item to be
learned

8.  Overgeneralization: Meaningful learning is
generalization. It is a process that occurs as
the second language learner acts within the
target language, generalizing a particular
rule or item in the second language.

9.  Inductive reasoning: one stores a number of
specific instances and induces a general law
that governs the specific instances.
 Deductive reasoning: is a movement from a
generalization to specific instances.

10.  Aptitude: some people have a better aptitude to
learn a second language. Risk-taking, behaviour,
memory efficiency, intelligent guessing, and
ambiguity tolerance are some aptitudes cited.
 Intelligence: according yo Howard Gardner
(1983) there are seven forms of intelligence:
 Linguistic
 Logica-mathematical
 Spatial
 Musical
 Bodily-kinesthetic
 Interpersonal
 Intrapersonal

11.  There are three types of smartness:
 componantial ability for analytical thinking
 Experiantial ability to engage in creative
thinking, combining disparate experiences in
insightful ways.
 Contextual ability: “Street smartness” that
enables people to “play the game” of
manipulating their environment.

12.  Audiolingualism
 Suggestopedia
 The silent way
 Total physical response
 The natural approach