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Connectionism pp 3
- 7. APG versus EG cont.
- 14. Analysis This is your brain on connectionism. Any questions?
Editor's Notes
- Music samples Emergentism theory Deb Roy, part 1 Connectionism Gephi, The machine that spoke for itself Deb Roy part 2
- The EG metaphor for language is a blueprint. Blueprints do not specify every brick and every nail, but with a blueprint a builder is enabled to constitute an artifact by combining structural outline with a set of conventions and outlines and experience, the meaning of which is determined through consultations of various kinds. .\\ Language is a code because its forms stand for invisible meanings that exist independently of it. The task is one of encoding and decoding. Language is also a conduit through which ideas formed in the head of one speaker are encoded and transmitted to the head of another speaker, where they are decoded and reconstituted as the same ideas. Grammar is a byproduct of communication Use drives form-meaning Use based on what speakers have heard, current context, and history. Utterances are repeated Grammar is prefabricated and repeated in local variations Grammar lives in lexicon Grammar/lexical items reliant on context ALL discourse is specific to individual and context Grammar is bottom-up Grammar is innate Form drives language Acquisition by innate knowledge-checking off grammar items as you learn them Grammar/lexical items are accessible at all times Meanings are fixed until deployed in conversation Grammar is processed top-down
- We say things that have been said before. Our speech is a vast collection of hand me downs reaching back to the beginning of language, the aggregation of changes and adjustments that are made to this inheritance on each occasion and use result in constant erosion and replacement of the sediment we call grammar.
- Utterances are novel. Language is not fixed. Therefore grammar must be studied as it occurs naturally - in context with all of its imperfections
- Through “chunking” Bottom-up and top-down processes interact. Linguistic Chunks: learning groups of letters, words, phrases that collocate and often and help the speaker predict what’s coming up in the discourse. More repetition = stronger association
- Memory and analysis create and restructure your neural associative network. Gephi and Machine video This means that the task of learning a language must be reconceived as expanding a repetoire of communicative contexts. New contexts and new occasions of negotiation occur constantly thus language learning never ends.