How does apoptosis contribute to development of an organismSolu.pdf
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How does apoptosis contribute to development of an organism? Solution Apoptosis also known as programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. A cell undergoes various biochemical changes during apoptosis such as cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and mRNA decay etc. Apoptosis plays a very an important role not only in development but in survival of the organism. Followings are few examples of apoptosis: 1. During brain development half of the neurons undergo death due to apoptosis. 2. Loss of vertebrate tail during human fetal development. 3. Loss of mesenchyme between the digits is because of apoptosis. 4. Removal of abnormal cells/ damaged cell that can cause cancer due to apoptosis. In human embryonic development and differentiation depends on cell division and cell death (apoptosis). Apoptosis separates or splits tissue layers, tissue layer fusion, open lumens, vestigial organ removal etc. Apoptosis also remove over produces cells of immune system (those produce unstable antibodies) and nervous system..
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Apoptosis.pptx
There are two main forms of cell death: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death that plays an important role in development and maintaining a healthy immune system. On average, 50-80 billion cells die per day in humans due to apoptosis. Apoptosis occurs through two main pathways - the extrinsic pathway triggered by external stimuli like ligand binding, and the intrinsic pathway triggered by internal stimuli like DNA damage. Apoptosis is significant as it helps maintain homeostasis, proper body size, and constancy of cell number by eliminating unwanted and dangerous cells.
Apoptosis in plant cell
The document discusses various types of programmed cell death (PCD), including apoptosis, autophagy, paraptosis, autoschizis, oncosis, and necrosis. It provides details on the characteristics and mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy. Apoptosis involves blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and is mediated by caspases through the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Autophagy results in autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic contents and organelles. The document also discusses some plant-specific features of apoptosis and its role in pollen self-incompatibility.
Cell Death physiology for mbbs, BPT, bds........pdf
Cell death physiology with well labelled diagrams...
Cell ageing ty
This document discusses cellular aging and theories of aging. It covers several key points:
1) Cellular senescence and the Hayflick limit, where cells stop dividing after a certain number of divisions.
2) Theories of aging including the free radical theory, somatic mutation theory, and telomere loss theory.
3) Types of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Programmed cell death limits inflammation while necrosis causes damage and inflammation.
Apoptosis
A unit that was created for a lesson that would correspond with the caps learning document but what is not in the document
Apoptosis, program cell death
Introduction
Definition
History
Evolution and origin of apoptosis
Significance
Purpose of apoptosis
Steps /process
Morphological and biochemical changes
Mechanism of apoptosis
Caspases
Regulation of apoptosis
Disorders of apoptosis
Application
Conclusion
Referances
Cell death
Cell death can occur through two main processes: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs under normal physiological conditions, triggered by intracellular signals. The cell shrinks and fragments into apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed, avoiding inflammation. Necrosis is accidental cell death due to external factors like trauma or toxins, where the cell lyses and releases intracellular contents, potentially causing tissue damage and inflammation. Both processes are important for development, tissue homeostasis, and removal of damaged cells.
Recommended
Apoptosis.pptx
There are two main forms of cell death: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death that plays an important role in development and maintaining a healthy immune system. On average, 50-80 billion cells die per day in humans due to apoptosis. Apoptosis occurs through two main pathways - the extrinsic pathway triggered by external stimuli like ligand binding, and the intrinsic pathway triggered by internal stimuli like DNA damage. Apoptosis is significant as it helps maintain homeostasis, proper body size, and constancy of cell number by eliminating unwanted and dangerous cells.
Apoptosis in plant cell
The document discusses various types of programmed cell death (PCD), including apoptosis, autophagy, paraptosis, autoschizis, oncosis, and necrosis. It provides details on the characteristics and mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy. Apoptosis involves blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and is mediated by caspases through the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Autophagy results in autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic contents and organelles. The document also discusses some plant-specific features of apoptosis and its role in pollen self-incompatibility.
Cell Death physiology for mbbs, BPT, bds........pdf
Cell death physiology with well labelled diagrams...
Cell ageing ty
This document discusses cellular aging and theories of aging. It covers several key points:
1) Cellular senescence and the Hayflick limit, where cells stop dividing after a certain number of divisions.
2) Theories of aging including the free radical theory, somatic mutation theory, and telomere loss theory.
3) Types of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Programmed cell death limits inflammation while necrosis causes damage and inflammation.
Apoptosis
A unit that was created for a lesson that would correspond with the caps learning document but what is not in the document
Apoptosis, program cell death
Introduction
Definition
History
Evolution and origin of apoptosis
Significance
Purpose of apoptosis
Steps /process
Morphological and biochemical changes
Mechanism of apoptosis
Caspases
Regulation of apoptosis
Disorders of apoptosis
Application
Conclusion
Referances
Cell death
Cell death can occur through two main processes: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs under normal physiological conditions, triggered by intracellular signals. The cell shrinks and fragments into apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed, avoiding inflammation. Necrosis is accidental cell death due to external factors like trauma or toxins, where the cell lyses and releases intracellular contents, potentially causing tissue damage and inflammation. Both processes are important for development, tissue homeostasis, and removal of damaged cells.
Apoptosis (programmed cell death)
Apoptosis
Its purpose
What if apoptosis stop?
Necrosis vs Apoptosis
Morphology of Apoptosis
Pathways of Apoptosis
physiology of apoptosis first year mbbs medical.pdf
The document summarizes apoptosis (programmed cell death) through three parts:
Part 1 introduces apoptosis, its history, morphological hallmarks, and provides examples of apoptosis in development including web-footed chickens.
Part 2 describes the key mechanisms and pathways of apoptosis including caspases, the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway involving Bcl-2 proteins and p53, and the extrinsic death receptor pathway.
Part 3 outlines the importance of apoptosis in normal physiology and development and consequences of deregulated apoptosis such as neurodegeneration when in excess and cancer when deficient.
Apoptosis - An Introduction
This document provides an introduction to apoptosis, or programmed cell death. It discusses how apoptosis is important for homeostasis and shaping tissues during development. Apoptosis is a highly regulated process where cells self-degrade through molecular machinery like caspases. The document outlines the molecular pathways of apoptosis, including the extrinsic, intrinsic, and execution pathways. It also discusses apoptosis in animals, plants, and the roles of autophagy and caspase enzymes.
Apoptosis seminar
The document discusses apoptosis (programmed cell death) through three parts:
1) An introduction to apoptosis, its history, and how it is important in development and physiology.
2) The mechanisms and pathways of apoptosis, including caspases, the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, extrinsic death receptor pathway, and Bcl-2 family of proteins.
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Saloio_Bio499TP Honors Thesis
The document discusses manipulating the Bcl-2 family of proteins to increase apoptosis in cancer cells as a potential cancer therapy. Specifically, it proposes increasing expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 BH3-only protein and inhibiting the BH4 domain of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins using recombinant protein expression, small molecule inhibitors, and gene therapy in order to up-regulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in tumor cells. The Bcl-2 family plays an important role in regulating apoptosis, and cancer phenotypes inhibit apoptosis, so manipulating these proteins could provide an targeted cancer treatment.
Apoptosis
The document summarizes key aspects of apoptosis including:
- The origins and definition of the term apoptosis from Greek meaning "falling leaves".
- The significance of apoptosis in development and maintenance of tissues by removing excess or damaged cells.
- The morphological features of apoptosis including membrane blebbing, nuclear fragmentation, and formation of apoptotic bodies.
- The molecular mechanisms including caspase signaling pathways like the intrinsic pathway involving mitochondria and the extrinsic pathway involving death receptors.
- Regulatory mechanisms involving proteins like Bcl-2 that balance survival and death signals.
- Dysregulation of apoptosis can lead to diseases like cancer, autoimmune disorders, and HIV infection.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is mediated by activation of caspases. It plays an important role in both physiological processes like development and pathological conditions like DNA damage. The key features of apoptosis include cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies, and phagocytosis of cell fragments without eliciting inflammation. The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways initiate apoptosis through an imbalance of survival and death signals within cells.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a mechanism by which cells self-destruct in a controlled way in response to signals. During apoptosis, the cell destroys itself from within to avoid releasing harmful contents, unlike necrosis which is unregulated cell death due to external injury. Apoptosis is triggered by signals like withdrawal of growth factors or receipt of death signals, and involves condensation of the nucleus and cytoplasm, fragmentation of DNA and eventual engulfment of cell fragments by phagocytes. It is involved in processes like development, infection response, and cancer prevention by destroying damaged or unneeded cells.
Apoptosis.ppt
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a mechanism by which cells self-destruct in a controlled way in response to signals. During apoptosis, the cell destroys itself from within in a way that avoids releasing harmful cell contents, unlike necrosis which is cell death due to external injury. Apoptosis is important for processes like development, immunity, and cancer prevention by destroying damaged or unneeded cells. It occurs through two main pathways, the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway or the extrinsic death receptor pathway, which involve signals, cellular components like caspases, and changes inside the cell like DNA fragmentation, ultimately leading to controlled demolition of the cell.
Apoptosis.ppt
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a mechanism by which cells self-destruct in a controlled way in response to signals. During apoptosis, the cell destroys itself from within in a way that avoids releasing harmful cell contents, unlike necrosis which is cell death due to external injury. Apoptosis is important for processes like development, immunity, and cancer prevention by destroying damaged or unneeded cells. It occurs through two main pathways, the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway or the extrinsic death receptor pathway, which involve signaling cascades that activate caspase enzymes and lead to controlled breakdown of the cell.
Cell death,regulators, apoptosis,necrosis,autophagy
The document summarizes different types of cell death including programmed cell death (PCD), apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. It describes key aspects of apoptosis such as the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, the role of caspases and Bcl-2 proteins, mitochondrial involvement, and morphological changes cells undergo during apoptosis. Necrosis is described as unprogrammed cell death caused by external factors like trauma or infection. Autophagy is noted as another form of programmed cell death.
Cell inj apoptosis
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a tightly regulated suicide program where cells activate enzymes to degrade their own DNA and proteins. Apoptosis occurs physiologically during development and pathologically due to DNA damage, hypoxia, radiation, or cytotoxic drugs. Morphologically, apoptotic cells appear rounded, shrunken, and fragmented with condensed chromatin and apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed without inflammation. Apoptosis is controlled through signaling pathways, regulated by proteins, and executed by caspases through protein and DNA cleavage and removal of apoptotic cells. Dysregulated apoptosis can lead to cancer or neurodegenerative diseases.
APOPTOSIS
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. It is characterized by specific morphological changes including cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Between 50-70 billion cells die each day due to apoptosis in the average human adult. Apoptosis is generally controlled programmed cell death that is involved in development and immune defense. It can be triggered by internal signals from within the cell or external signals from outside the cell. Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that play an essential role in apoptosis by cleaving other proteins.
Apoptosis vs necrosis
1) The document discusses apoptosis and necrosis, two types of cell death. Apoptosis is programmed cell death where cells shrink and fragment in an orderly process. Necrosis is unprogrammed cell death caused by external injury or damage where cells swell and leak.
2) Apoptosis can be triggered internally through mitochondrial pathways or externally through death receptor pathways and leads to caspase activation and cell fragmentation. Cancer cells develop ways to avoid apoptosis like inhibiting proteins in these pathways.
3) Necrosis occurs when cells are damaged by external factors like toxins and involves cell and organelle swelling without fragmentation. Cancer cells and viruses can interfere with apoptosis to allow cancer progression.
Necrosis and apoptosis
This document discusses necrosis and apoptosis. It defines necrosis as the premature death of cells in living tissue due to irreversible injury. Necrosis can be caused by ischemia, physical agents, chemicals, or immunological injury. There are several types of necrosis including coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, and gangrenous necrosis. Treatment involves debridement and excision of dead tissue. Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs as part of normal development and tissue homeostasis. It is mediated by caspases and involves cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation into apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed. Dysregulation of apoptosis can contribute to diseases.
Cell senescence and Apoptosis (PCD)
Cell senescence is the natural deterioration process that slows down and ends the functional life of a cell. It is indicated by a decline in the specialized functions of non-dividing cells and a decline in the division capacity of actively dividing cells. During senescence, cells undergo morphological, physiological, and subcellular changes, such as nuclear condensation, accumulation of lipofuscin pigment, loss of organelle function, and membrane changes. Several theories attempt to explain senescence, including DNA damage accumulation, telomere shortening, and free radical damage. Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is the controlled suicide of cells activated by internal or external death signals through caspase enzymes in a process that neatly eliminates
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a tightly regulated process of programmed cell death where cells activate enzymes to degrade their own DNA and proteins. The plasma membrane remains intact but becomes a target for phagocytes. The dead cell and fragments are rapidly consumed before contents can leak out, preventing inflammation. Apoptosis eliminates damaged, unneeded, or harmful cells and occurs during development, tissue remodeling, and to limit damage from infections or DNA damage. It is characterized by cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies.
Apoptosis & Necrosis
The document discusses the differences between apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is a highly regulated and programmed process where cells undergo controlled death without inflammatory consequences. It occurs through mitochondrial changes, DNA fragmentation, cellular shrinkage, and formation of membrane-bound apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed. In contrast, necrosis is unregulated cell death caused by external factors that results in cell swelling and rupture, releasing intracellular contents and triggering inflammation. The document outlines the multi-step process of apoptosis and provides examples of where it is important, such as in development and elimination of damaged cells.
apoptosis.pptx
Programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis, is a naturally occurring process where a cell is directed to die in a controlled manner. During apoptosis, cells shrink and break into fragments that are easily removed by phagocytes without causing inflammation. This process is important for tissue homeostasis, development, the immune system, and removal of damaged cells. Apoptosis is characterized by specific morphological changes like blebbing, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Understanding apoptosis provides insights into cancer development and potential new treatments.
What are the products of the secondary metabolism in plants Terpeno.pdf
What are the products of the secondary metabolism in plants? Terpenoids; Phenolic agents;
Flavonoids; Secondary metabolites; Nutraceuticals.
Solution
Plant Secondary metabolites have no known primary functions (such as growth, photosynthesis,
reproduction, or other \"primary\" functions).
Which of the following is incorrect about emergent propertiesA. T.pdf
Which of the following is incorrect about emergent properties?
A. They can be inferred just by studying the individual parts.
B. They emerge as individual components organized into complex systems.
C. They result from the way in which individual components interact.
D. They are in part responsible for the complexity of living systems.
Solution
A. They can be inferred just by studying the individual parts. -----> FALSE
B. They emerge as individual components organised into complex systems. ----> TRUE
C. They result from the way in which individual components interact. ------> TRUE
D. They are in part responsible for the complexity of living systems. ---> TRUE
Emergence is a phenomenon in which the complex entities are formed by the interactions among
the simple entities. The properties exhibited by the complex entities are exhibited by the simpler
entities. So, studying all parts of the system is necessary to infer the emergent properties..
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Apoptosis
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What if apoptosis stop?
Necrosis vs Apoptosis
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physiology of apoptosis first year mbbs medical.pdf
The document summarizes apoptosis (programmed cell death) through three parts:
Part 1 introduces apoptosis, its history, morphological hallmarks, and provides examples of apoptosis in development including web-footed chickens.
Part 2 describes the key mechanisms and pathways of apoptosis including caspases, the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway involving Bcl-2 proteins and p53, and the extrinsic death receptor pathway.
Part 3 outlines the importance of apoptosis in normal physiology and development and consequences of deregulated apoptosis such as neurodegeneration when in excess and cancer when deficient.
Apoptosis - An Introduction
This document provides an introduction to apoptosis, or programmed cell death. It discusses how apoptosis is important for homeostasis and shaping tissues during development. Apoptosis is a highly regulated process where cells self-degrade through molecular machinery like caspases. The document outlines the molecular pathways of apoptosis, including the extrinsic, intrinsic, and execution pathways. It also discusses apoptosis in animals, plants, and the roles of autophagy and caspase enzymes.
Apoptosis seminar
The document discusses apoptosis (programmed cell death) through three parts:
1) An introduction to apoptosis, its history, and how it is important in development and physiology.
2) The mechanisms and pathways of apoptosis, including caspases, the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, extrinsic death receptor pathway, and Bcl-2 family of proteins.
3) The importance of apoptosis in normal development and physiology through tissue sculpting, but that defects can lead to diseases like cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegeneration when there is too much or too little apoptosis.
Saloio_Bio499TP Honors Thesis
The document discusses manipulating the Bcl-2 family of proteins to increase apoptosis in cancer cells as a potential cancer therapy. Specifically, it proposes increasing expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 BH3-only protein and inhibiting the BH4 domain of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins using recombinant protein expression, small molecule inhibitors, and gene therapy in order to up-regulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in tumor cells. The Bcl-2 family plays an important role in regulating apoptosis, and cancer phenotypes inhibit apoptosis, so manipulating these proteins could provide an targeted cancer treatment.
Apoptosis
The document summarizes key aspects of apoptosis including:
- The origins and definition of the term apoptosis from Greek meaning "falling leaves".
- The significance of apoptosis in development and maintenance of tissues by removing excess or damaged cells.
- The morphological features of apoptosis including membrane blebbing, nuclear fragmentation, and formation of apoptotic bodies.
- The molecular mechanisms including caspase signaling pathways like the intrinsic pathway involving mitochondria and the extrinsic pathway involving death receptors.
- Regulatory mechanisms involving proteins like Bcl-2 that balance survival and death signals.
- Dysregulation of apoptosis can lead to diseases like cancer, autoimmune disorders, and HIV infection.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is mediated by activation of caspases. It plays an important role in both physiological processes like development and pathological conditions like DNA damage. The key features of apoptosis include cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies, and phagocytosis of cell fragments without eliciting inflammation. The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways initiate apoptosis through an imbalance of survival and death signals within cells.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a mechanism by which cells self-destruct in a controlled way in response to signals. During apoptosis, the cell destroys itself from within to avoid releasing harmful contents, unlike necrosis which is unregulated cell death due to external injury. Apoptosis is triggered by signals like withdrawal of growth factors or receipt of death signals, and involves condensation of the nucleus and cytoplasm, fragmentation of DNA and eventual engulfment of cell fragments by phagocytes. It is involved in processes like development, infection response, and cancer prevention by destroying damaged or unneeded cells.
Apoptosis.ppt
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a mechanism by which cells self-destruct in a controlled way in response to signals. During apoptosis, the cell destroys itself from within in a way that avoids releasing harmful cell contents, unlike necrosis which is cell death due to external injury. Apoptosis is important for processes like development, immunity, and cancer prevention by destroying damaged or unneeded cells. It occurs through two main pathways, the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway or the extrinsic death receptor pathway, which involve signals, cellular components like caspases, and changes inside the cell like DNA fragmentation, ultimately leading to controlled demolition of the cell.
Apoptosis.ppt
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a mechanism by which cells self-destruct in a controlled way in response to signals. During apoptosis, the cell destroys itself from within in a way that avoids releasing harmful cell contents, unlike necrosis which is cell death due to external injury. Apoptosis is important for processes like development, immunity, and cancer prevention by destroying damaged or unneeded cells. It occurs through two main pathways, the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway or the extrinsic death receptor pathway, which involve signaling cascades that activate caspase enzymes and lead to controlled breakdown of the cell.
Cell death,regulators, apoptosis,necrosis,autophagy
The document summarizes different types of cell death including programmed cell death (PCD), apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. It describes key aspects of apoptosis such as the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, the role of caspases and Bcl-2 proteins, mitochondrial involvement, and morphological changes cells undergo during apoptosis. Necrosis is described as unprogrammed cell death caused by external factors like trauma or infection. Autophagy is noted as another form of programmed cell death.
Cell inj apoptosis
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a tightly regulated suicide program where cells activate enzymes to degrade their own DNA and proteins. Apoptosis occurs physiologically during development and pathologically due to DNA damage, hypoxia, radiation, or cytotoxic drugs. Morphologically, apoptotic cells appear rounded, shrunken, and fragmented with condensed chromatin and apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed without inflammation. Apoptosis is controlled through signaling pathways, regulated by proteins, and executed by caspases through protein and DNA cleavage and removal of apoptotic cells. Dysregulated apoptosis can lead to cancer or neurodegenerative diseases.
APOPTOSIS
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. It is characterized by specific morphological changes including cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Between 50-70 billion cells die each day due to apoptosis in the average human adult. Apoptosis is generally controlled programmed cell death that is involved in development and immune defense. It can be triggered by internal signals from within the cell or external signals from outside the cell. Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that play an essential role in apoptosis by cleaving other proteins.
Apoptosis vs necrosis
1) The document discusses apoptosis and necrosis, two types of cell death. Apoptosis is programmed cell death where cells shrink and fragment in an orderly process. Necrosis is unprogrammed cell death caused by external injury or damage where cells swell and leak.
2) Apoptosis can be triggered internally through mitochondrial pathways or externally through death receptor pathways and leads to caspase activation and cell fragmentation. Cancer cells develop ways to avoid apoptosis like inhibiting proteins in these pathways.
3) Necrosis occurs when cells are damaged by external factors like toxins and involves cell and organelle swelling without fragmentation. Cancer cells and viruses can interfere with apoptosis to allow cancer progression.
Necrosis and apoptosis
This document discusses necrosis and apoptosis. It defines necrosis as the premature death of cells in living tissue due to irreversible injury. Necrosis can be caused by ischemia, physical agents, chemicals, or immunological injury. There are several types of necrosis including coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, and gangrenous necrosis. Treatment involves debridement and excision of dead tissue. Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs as part of normal development and tissue homeostasis. It is mediated by caspases and involves cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation into apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed. Dysregulation of apoptosis can contribute to diseases.
Cell senescence and Apoptosis (PCD)
Cell senescence is the natural deterioration process that slows down and ends the functional life of a cell. It is indicated by a decline in the specialized functions of non-dividing cells and a decline in the division capacity of actively dividing cells. During senescence, cells undergo morphological, physiological, and subcellular changes, such as nuclear condensation, accumulation of lipofuscin pigment, loss of organelle function, and membrane changes. Several theories attempt to explain senescence, including DNA damage accumulation, telomere shortening, and free radical damage. Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is the controlled suicide of cells activated by internal or external death signals through caspase enzymes in a process that neatly eliminates
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a tightly regulated process of programmed cell death where cells activate enzymes to degrade their own DNA and proteins. The plasma membrane remains intact but becomes a target for phagocytes. The dead cell and fragments are rapidly consumed before contents can leak out, preventing inflammation. Apoptosis eliminates damaged, unneeded, or harmful cells and occurs during development, tissue remodeling, and to limit damage from infections or DNA damage. It is characterized by cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies.
Apoptosis & Necrosis
The document discusses the differences between apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is a highly regulated and programmed process where cells undergo controlled death without inflammatory consequences. It occurs through mitochondrial changes, DNA fragmentation, cellular shrinkage, and formation of membrane-bound apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed. In contrast, necrosis is unregulated cell death caused by external factors that results in cell swelling and rupture, releasing intracellular contents and triggering inflammation. The document outlines the multi-step process of apoptosis and provides examples of where it is important, such as in development and elimination of damaged cells.
apoptosis.pptx
Programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis, is a naturally occurring process where a cell is directed to die in a controlled manner. During apoptosis, cells shrink and break into fragments that are easily removed by phagocytes without causing inflammation. This process is important for tissue homeostasis, development, the immune system, and removal of damaged cells. Apoptosis is characterized by specific morphological changes like blebbing, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Understanding apoptosis provides insights into cancer development and potential new treatments.
Similar to How does apoptosis contribute to development of an organismSolu.pdf (20)
physiology of apoptosis first year mbbs medical.pdf
physiology of apoptosis first year mbbs medical.pdf
Cell death,regulators, apoptosis,necrosis,autophagy
Cell death,regulators, apoptosis,necrosis,autophagy
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assessment also differ because of the role we played. Though most influencial factor of
difference in assessment was the personality traits..
True or False1. A basidium is a cell of the Basidiomycota in whic.pdf
True or False?
1. A basidium is a cell of the Basidiomycota in which karyogamy and meiosis take place
2. Basidiospores are sexual spores that are formed at the tip of the basidium, the cell in which
meiosis took place
3. A basidium is a sporangium that bursts to release many asexual spores
4. The spores produced by a mushroom are sexual spores, and are genetically different from each
other.
Solution
2) true. The basidium are the sexual spores of basidiomycities from which helps in the formation
of new basidiomycities.
1) true. A basidium contains 4 spore cells than 8 and so on which are formed by meosis which
result in the formation of haploid spore..
3) false. Basidium contains sexual spores that are forcibly burst to release the spores in the
environment to give rise to the new basidiomycities.
4) true. It is because in asexual spore production the spores are produced by the same one parents
by mitosis hence identical. But in case of meosis is used hence two different parents hence
genetically different..
The mitochondrial electron transport system (METS) and the photos.pdf
The mitochondrial electron transport system (METS) and the photosynthetic electron transport
system (PETS) are similar in many ways. In what way(s) are they different? If there are two
correct answers, then choose both, otherwise choose \"two correct answers are not provided.\"
Options::
Two correct options are not provided
Electrons are transferred by redox reactions in METS but not in PETS.
PETS has a 1 e- carrier to transfer electrons from PSII to PSI, but METS uses a 2 e- carrier to
transfer electrons from Complex III to Complex IV.
METS is dependent on a source of reducing power obtained from dietary nutrients, whereas
PETS obtains reducing power from light energy and the process of photooxidation.
The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons, but the thylakoid membrane is
permeable to protons.
The electron carriers in METS use only Fe and S centers, whereas the electron carriers in PETS
only use Cu centers.
Chemical energy captured by METS and oxidative phosphorylation is limited to ATP, whereas
PETS and photophosphorylation together capture energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
PETS uses the PQ cycle to translocate protons across the thylakoid membrane, whereas the Q
cycle in METS is used to tether cytochrome c to the inter-membrane space.
Electrons are transferred by redox reactions in METS but not in PETS.
PETS has a 1 e- carrier to transfer electrons from PSII to PSI, but METS uses a 2 e- carrier to
transfer electrons from Complex III to Complex IV.
METS is dependent on a source of reducing power obtained from dietary nutrients, whereas
PETS obtains reducing power from light energy and the process of photooxidation.
The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons, but the thylakoid membrane is
permeable to protons.
The electron carriers in METS use only Fe and S centers, whereas the electron carriers in PETS
only use Cu centers.
Chemical energy captured by METS and oxidative phosphorylation is limited to ATP, whereas
PETS and photophosphorylation together capture energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
PETS uses the PQ cycle to translocate protons across the thylakoid membrane, whereas the Q
cycle in METS is used to tether cytochrome c to the inter-membrane space.
Solution
The two options are true
METS is dependent on a source of reducing power obtained from dietary nutrients, whereas
PETS obtains reducing power from light energy and the process of photooxidation.
Chemical energy captured by METS and oxidative phosphorylation is limited to ATP, whereas
PETS and photophosphorylation together capture energy in the form of ATP and NADPH..
The disclosure of a contingent liability in the footnotes and on t.pdf
The disclosure of a contingent liability in the footnotes and on the balance sheet indicates that the
potential for the application occurring is
The disclosure of a contingent liability in the footnotes and on the balance sheet indicates that the
potential for the application occurring is
Solution
Answer
Contnigent Liability is the potential future obligation but we are not sure that it will occur or not,
so according to IRS we have to report the Contingent liability in the footnotes on the Balance
Sheet.
So the Potential for the application occuring is Possible in the Future..
The application architeture is design by the application developer a.pdf
The application architeture is design by the application developer and dictates hoow the
application is structured over the various end systems. List four predominant architectural
paradigms used in modern network applications?
Solution
a)
The predominant architectural paradigms are:
1)Client-Server architecture
2)P2P architecture
3)Hybrid arcitecture.
Characteristics:
Client-Server architecture:
1)There is an always-on host, called the \"server\", whichservices requests from many other
hosts, called \"clients\".
2)The client-server architecture, clients do not directlycommunicate with each other.
3)Another characteristic of the client-server architecture isthat the server has a fixed, well known
address, called an IPaddress, because the server has a fixed, well-known addressand the server is
always on, then a client canalways contact the server by sending a packet to the server\'saddress
4)Application services that are based on the client-serverarchitecture are oftern infrastructure
intensive, since theyrequire the service providers to purchase, install, and maintainserver farms.
5)The popular services in client-server architectures such assearch engines(e.g.,Google), Internet
commerce (e.g.,Amazon ande-bay) and web based e-mail( e.g, Yahoo mail) etc.
P2P architecture:
1)There is minimal(or no) reliance on always-on infrastructureservers. Instead the application
exploits direct communicationbetween pairs of intermittently connected hoasts, calledpeers.
2)The most compelling features of P2P architectures is theirself-scalability.
3)P2P architectures are also cost effective, since theynormally don\'t require significant server
infrastructure and serverbandwidth.
4)The features of P2P applications are ISP friendly,securityand incentives.
5)Most popular and traffic-intensive applications are based onP2P architectures. It\'s include file
distribution (e.g.BitTorrent), file sharing(e.g. eMule and Lime Wire) and Internettelephony
(e.g.,Skype).etc.
Hybrid architecture:
The combining both client-server and P2P elements. Forexample, for many instant messaging
applications, servers are usedto track the IP addresses of users, but user-to-user messages aresent
directly between user hosts (without passing throughintermediate servers)..
Suppose a company’s ROE is 16. This company’s payout ratio is 40. .pdf
Suppose a company’s ROE is 16%. This company’s payout ratio is 40%. The required rate of
return on the stock is 15%. What is the sustainable growth rate of this company?
Solution
Retention ratio=1-payout ratio
=1-0.4
=0.6
Sustainable growth rate=(ROE*Retention ratio)/[1-(ROE*Retention ratio)]
=(0.16*0.6)/[1-(0.16*0.6)]
which is equal to
=10.62%(Approx)..
Some historians have referred to many of the self-proclaimed “Darwin.pdf
Some historians have referred to many of the self-proclaimed “Darwinians”, such as Ernst
Haeckel, that followed in Darwin’s footsteps at the end of the 19th century as “pseudo-
Darwinians”. In what sense were they Darwinian? In what sense were they not Darwinian?
Most evolutionary scientists would agree that evolution has led to increased complexity of life on
Earth.
Select one:
True
False
Rice has a genome size of about 420-460 million base pairs while humans have a genome size of
about 3 billion base pairs. Of the following, which is a possible reason for this difference?
Select one:
a. Humans are more complex morphologically.
b. Rice is a plant, while humans are animals.
c. Humans have more genes than rice.
d. The human genome has a lot of mobile genetic elements.
e. The vertebrate lineage has a longer evolutionary history.
Solution
Answer A)Darwin\'s theory is based on natural selection and the servival of fittest.
According to the theory the characteristics which are best fitted transfer to the next progeny.
Living animal compete for food ,shelter and basic requirements for their survival, dominant wins
the competition and get selected by nature to reproduce.
Acquired characters of a species throughout its lifetime pass to its progeny through genetic
material.Thus over a period of time due to accumulation of characteristics a new species evolve.
Darwin\'s could not account for either mechanism for trait (character) transmission or the basis
of variability among individual.
Hence new modified theory given by a group of scientist which is called psuedo Darwinian
theory.
This theory is support Darwin s view on transmission acquired characters to next generation. But
all acquired characters do not pass to next generation only useful character transmite to next
generation.
It supports the natural selection theory too.
Points support Darwin theory-
1)Naturally selected animals are able to reproduce and transmit Acquired character to next
generation.
2)Survival of fittest
3) acquired characters transfer through genetic material.
Points of psuedo Darwinian theory not support Darwin theory-
1) All acquired characters do not transmit to next generation only useful character transmite.
2) Genes for the useful character can transfer trait if present in genital pole.
3)Human races are separate species which is rejected by Darwin.
4) Language evolve from speachless pre human.which is not mentioned in Darwin theory.
Answer 2)
E) The vertibrate lineage has a longer evolutionary history.
Vertibrates evolve from their ancestors contain large number of genes and thus large size of
genome because throughout the evolutionary period many characters are acquired in terms of
separate gene. More gene results in more complex structure ..
Please research Meaningful Use. Prepare a brief report on its origin.pdf
Please research Meaningful Use. Prepare a brief report on its origin, its purpose, how it is
conducted, etc. Please make sure you understand and explain the three different stages.
Solution
Meaningful Use(MU)
Purpose: The concept of meaningful use rested on the \'5 pillars\' of health outcomes policy
priorities, namely:
->Improving quality, safety, efficiency, and reducing health disparities
->Engage patients and families in their health
->Improve care coordination
->Improve population and public health
->Ensure adequate privacy and security protection for personal health information
Origin:
The American Reinvestment & Recovery Act (ARRA) was enacted on February 17, 2009.
ARRA includes many measures to modernize our nation\'s infrastructure,
one of which is the \"Health Information Technology for Economic and
Clinical Health (HITECH) Act\". The HITECH Act supports the concept of
electronic health records - meaningful use [EHR-MU], an effort led by
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS ) and the Office of the
National Coordinator for Health IT (ONC). HITECH proposes the meaningful
use of interoperable electronic health records throughout the United States
health care delivery system as a critical national goal. Meaningful Use is
defined by the use of certified EHR technology in a meaningful manner
(for example electronic prescribing); ensuring that the certified EHR
technology is connected in a manner that provides for the electronic
exchange of health information to improve the quality of care; and that
in using certified EHR technology the provider must submit to the Secretary
of Health & Human Services (HHS) information on quality of care and other measures.
How its conducted:
As in order to encourage widespread EHR adoption, promote innovation and to avoid
imposing excessive burden on healthcare providers, meaningful use was showcased
as a phased approach, which is divided into three stages which span 2011
(data capture and sharing), 2013 (advanced clinical processes) and 2015
(improved outcomes). The incentive payments range from $44,000 over 5 years
for the Medicare providers and $63,750 over 6 years for Medicaid providers
(starting in 2011). Participation in the CMS EHR incentive program is totally
voluntary, however if EPs or EHs fail to join in by 2015, there will be negative
adjustments to their Medicare/Medicaid fees starting at 1% reduction and escalating
to 3% reduction by 2017 and beyond.
The CDC currently offers several types of technical assistance to state and
local health departments related to Meaningful Use, including:
->Meaningful Use Public Health Technical Assistance Team - To request assistance
from this team, email meaningfuluse@cdc.gov with “Request for Technical Assistance”
in the Subject line.The CDC National Program of Cancer Registries provides support
and tools for cancer registries. For more info visit its official website
->The CDC Immunization Information Systems Support Branch (IISSB) provides technic.
Mention the major difference in the physical phenomena occurring rel.pdf
Mention the major difference in the physical phenomena occurring related to heat transfer in
external flow as opposed to internal flow.
Solution
Heat transfer is the exchange of thermal energy between physical systems. The rate ofheat
transfer is dependent on the temperatures of the systems and the properties of the intervening
medium through which the heat is transferred. The three fundamental modes of heat transfer are
conduction, convection and radiation.
On a microscopic scale, heat conduction occurs as hot, rapidly moving or vibrating atoms and
molecules interact with neighboring atoms and molecules, transferring some of their energy
(heat) to these neighboring particles. In other words, heat is transferred by conduction when
adjacent atoms vibrate against one another, or as electrons move from one atom to another.
Conduction is the most significant means of heat transfer within a solid or between solid objects
in thermal contact. Fluids—especially gases—are less conductive.Thermal contact conductance
is the study of heat conduction between solid bodies in contact.
Convection
The flow of fluid may be forced by external processes, or sometimes (in gravitational fields) by
buoyancy forces caused when thermal energy expands the fluid (for example in a fire plume),
thus influencing its own transfer. The latter process is often called \"natural convection\". All
convective processes also move heat partly by diffusion, as well. Another form of convection is
forced convection. In this case the fluid is forced to flow by use of a pump, fan or other
mechanical means.
Convective heat transfer, or convection, is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the
movement of fluids, a process that is essentially the transfer of heat via mass transfer. Bulk
motion of fluid enhances heat transfer in many physical situations, such as (for example)
between a solid surface and the fluid. Convection is usually the dominant form of heat transfer in
liquids and gases.
In a body of fluid that is heated from underneath its container, conduction and convection can be
considered to compete for dominance. If heat conduction is too great, fluid moving down by
convection is heated by conduction so fast that its downward movement will be stopped due to
its buoyancy, while fluid moving up by convection is cooled by conduction so fast that its
driving buoyancy will diminish. On the other hand, if heat conduction is very low, a large
temperature gradient may be formed and convection might be very strong..
My code is not matching up with the results.The output for the cod.pdf
My code is not matching up with the results.
The output for the code should be:
>>> Test Teacher class
Teacher: Paul Tan(8 sunset way)
IM101 added.
IM102 added.
IM101 cannot be added.
IM101 removed.
IM101 removed.
IM102 removed.
IM102 cannot be removed.
Person class:
public class Person {
private String name;
private String address;
public Person(String name, String address) {
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
}
public Person(String address){
this.address = address;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public String getAddress(){
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address){
this.address = address;
}
public String toString() {
return name + \"(\" + address + \")\";
}
}
Teacher sub class
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Teacher extends Person {
private int numCourses = 0;
private ArrayList courses = new ArrayList();
public Teacher(String name, String address){
super(name,address);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return \"Teacher: \" + super.toString();
}
public boolean addCourse (String course){
for (int i = 0; i < numCourses; i++) {
if (courses.get(i).equals(course))
return false;
}
courses.add(course);
numCourses++;
return true;
}
public boolean removeCourse (String course){
boolean found = false;
int courseIndex = -1;
for (int j = 0; j < numCourses; j++) {
if (courses.get(j).equals(course)) {
courseIndex = j;
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (found) {
for (int k = courseIndex; k < numCourses-1; k++) {
courses.get(k+1);
}
numCourses--;
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
}
Person Launcer
System.out.println(\"\ \");
System.out.println(\">>> Test Teacher class\");
Teacher tch = new Teacher (\"Paul Tan\", \"8 sunset way\");
System.out.println(tch);
String[] courses = {\"IM101\", \"IM102\", \"IM101\"};
for (String course: courses) {
if (tch.addCourse(course)) {
System.out.println(course + \" added.\");
} else {
System.out.println(course + \" cannot be added.\");
}
}
for (String course: courses) {
if (tch.removeCourse(course)) {
System.out.println(course + \" removed.\");
} else {
System.out.println(course + \" cannot be removed.\");
}
}
System.out.println(\"\ \");
Solution
// edit the below method like this :
public boolean removeCourse (String course){
boolean found = false;
int courseIndex = -1;
for (int j = 0; j < numCourses; j++) {
if (courses.get(j).equals(course)) {
courseIndex = j;
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (found) {
courses.remove(course);
numCourses--;
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}.
Logical FallociesP1 All college students have pet monkeys.P2 J.pdf
Logical Fallocies
P1: All college students have pet monkeys.
P2: Janice is a college student.
C: Janice has a pet monkey.
Valid and Sound
Valid but not Sound
Not Valid, but Sound
Not Valid, Not Sound.
The answer Valid and Sound was found the be the wrong answer. Please give correct answer.
and reason why.
Solution
Based on the premise that all college students have pet monkeys , as Janice is a college student,
must have a pet monkey is valid , but it is unlikely , so the correct answer is VALID BUT NOT
SOUND..
IP Security One problem with Internet protocol (IP) is that it has.pdf
IP Security
One problem with Internet protocol (IP) is that it has no method for confirming the authenticity
and security of data as it moves through the net. IP datagrams are typically routed between
devices over disparate networks; as a result, information within these datagrams could be
intercepted and altered. As use of the Internet for critical applications has increased, the need for
enhancements to IP security became necessary. As a result, the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) created a set of protocols called IP Security, or IPsec, to support the secure exchange of
packets over the Internet. IPsec is now a mandatory component of IPv6 and must be supported
for any IPv6 implementation. IPsec is implemented in IPv6 using the authentication header (AH)
and the encapsulating security payload (ESP) extension header.
Answer the following questions in a 3- to 4-page, APA-formatted paper:
1 What is IPsec, and why is it necessary? How is IPsec used in VPN?
2 Which network layer currently suffers from attacks, and why? At which layers of the
network stack architecture should a solution be attempted? Provide details.
3 How is IP security achieved? What is the basic authentication scheme? Which mechanisms
are used? What are some of the application venues of IPsec?
4 How is a VPN implemented on a server so that its clients can connect to it?
Remember to properly cite your sources according to APA guidelines.
Solution
IPSec
IPsec also known as IP Security.Internet Protocol Security is a framework for a set of protocols
that provide security for internet protocol. It can use cryptography to provide security. IPsec
support network level data integrity, data confidentiality. As it is integrated at the internet layer
(i.e. layer 3), it provides security for all the protocols in the TCP/IP. IPsec applied transparently
to the applications, there is no need to configure separate security for each application the uses
TCP/IP.
IPsec provides security for
IPsec provides two choices of security service: Authentication Header (AH), which essentially
allows authentication of the sender of data, and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), which
supports both authentication of the sender and encryption of data as well. The specific
information associated with each of these services is inserted into the packet in a header that
follows the IP packet header. Separate key protocols can be selected, such as the
ISAKMP/Oakley protocol.
IPsec is necessary for
Earlier security approaches have inserted security at the Application layer of the communications
model. IPsec is said to be especially useful for implementing virtual private networks and for
remote user access through dial-up connection to private networks. A big advantage of IPsec is
that security arrangements can be handled without requiring changes to individual user
computers. Cisco has been a leader in proposing IPsec as a standard (or combination of standards
and technologies) and has included support fo.
Genmo CorporationOn the night of February 27, 2012, certain recor.pdf
Genmo Corporation*
On the night of February 27, 2012, certain records of the Genmo Corporation were accidentally
destroyed by fire. Two days after that the principal owner had an appointment with an investor to
discuss the possible sale of the company. The owner needed as much information as could be
gathered for this purpose, recognizing that over a longer period of time a more complete
reconstruction would be possible.
On the morning of February 28, the following were available: (1) A balance sheet as of
December 31, 2010, and an income statement for 2010 (Exhibit 1) and (2) certain fragmentary
data and ratios that had been calculated from the current financial statements (Exhibit 2). The
statements themselves had been destroyed in the fire. (In ratios involving balance sheet amounts,
Genmo used yearend amounts rather than an average.) And (3) the following data (in thousands):
2011 revenues.............................................................. $10,281
Current liabilities, December 31, 2011 ......................... 2,285
EXHIBIT 1 Genmo Corporation Financial Statements
(thousands of dollars)
BALANCE SHEET
As of December 31, 2010
Assets
Current assets: Cash................................................................ $ 18
Marketable securities..................................... 494
Accounts receivable...................................... 728
Inventories...................................................... 972
Prepaid expenses........................................... 214
Total current assets..................................... 2,426
Investments……………………………………………. 898
Real estate, plant, and equipment........................... $4,727
Less: Accumulated depreciation..................... 2,433 2,294
Special tools............................................................. 171
Goodwill................................................................... 594
Total assets.............................................................. $6,383
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities: Accounts payable............................................. $ 732
Loans payable.................................................. 266
Accrued liabilities.............................................. 1,232
Total current liabilities............................. 2,230
Long-term debt.......................................................... 250
Other noncurrent liabilities......................................... 951
Total liabilities............................................................ 3,431
Shareholders’ equity: Preferred stock................................................. 25
Common stock................................................. 54
Additional paid-in capital.................................. 667
Retained earnings............................................ 2,206
Total shareholders’ equity....................... 2,952
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity.................... $6,383
Income Statement, 2010
Total revenu.
In the formula for determining a populations genotype frequencies, .pdf
In the formula for determining a population\'s genotype frequencies, the pq in the term 2pq is
necessary because the population is diploid. heterozygotes can come about in two ways. the
population is doubling in number. heterozygotes have two alleles. What is the founder effect? a
selection of the best-suited traits for the environment a series of chance events that change allele
frequency when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, and their gene pool
differs from that source population a sudden change in the environment that reduces the size of
the population Which of the following activities occurs first in order to begin speciation? single
gene change formation of mechanical barrier to reproduction postzygotic hybrid sterility in
Drosophila interruption of gene flow between two populations A genetic change that caused a
certain Hox gene to be expressed along the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther back
helped make possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb. This type of change is illustrative of the
influence of environment on development. paedomorphosis. A change in a developmental gene
or in its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts. heterochrony. Which of
the following statements about dinoflagellates is true? They possess two flagella. All known
varieties are autotrophic. Their walls are usually composed of silica plates. Many types lack
mitochondria. Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as a filtering
material.
Solution
Ans. 6: pq in the term 2pq is necessary because heterozygoted have two alleles, hence option D
is correct.
Ans. 7: Founder\'s effect is when few individuals separate from large population and their gene
pool differs from source population. Hence option C is correct.
Ans. 8: interruption of gene flow between two population is first step for speciation hence option
D is correct.
Ans. 9: the given process is best explained by option C.
Ans. 10: option E is more correct amongst the given options..
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In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
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clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
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https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdHow to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Recently uploaded (20)
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
How does apoptosis contribute to development of an organismSolu.pdf
- 1. How does apoptosis contribute to development of an organism? Solution Apoptosis also known as programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. A cell undergoes various biochemical changes during apoptosis such as cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and mRNA decay etc. Apoptosis plays a very an important role not only in development but in survival of the organism. Followings are few examples of apoptosis: 1. During brain development half of the neurons undergo death due to apoptosis. 2. Loss of vertebrate tail during human fetal development. 3. Loss of mesenchyme between the digits is because of apoptosis. 4. Removal of abnormal cells/ damaged cell that can cause cancer due to apoptosis. In human embryonic development and differentiation depends on cell division and cell death (apoptosis). Apoptosis separates or splits tissue layers, tissue layer fusion, open lumens, vestigial organ removal etc. Apoptosis also remove over produces cells of immune system (those produce unstable antibodies) and nervous system.