What is forecasting Explain the different techniques of forecasting.pdf
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What is forecasting? Explain the different techniques of forecasting? Solution Forecasting is the process of estimating the relevant events of future, based on the analysis of their past and present behaviour. Techniques of Forecasting: There are various methods of forecasting. Some of them are: 1. Historical Analogy Method: Under this method, forecast in regard to a particular situation is based on some analogous conditions elsewhere in the past. The economic situation of a country can be predicted by making comparison with the advanced countries at a particular stage through which the country is presently passing. 2. Survey Method: Surveys can be conducted to gather information on the intentions of the concerned people. 3. Opinion Poll: Opinion poll is conducted to assess the opinion of the experienced persons and experts in the particular field whose views carry a lot of weight. 4. Business Barometers: A barometer is used to measure the atmospheric pressure. In the same way, index numbers are used to measure the state of an economy between two or more periods. These index numbers are the device to study the trends, seasonal fluctuations, cyclical movements, and irregular fluctuations. 5. Time Series Analysis: Time series analysis involves decomposition of historical series into its various components, viz. trend, seasonal variances, cyclical variations, and random variances. When the various components of a time series are separated, the variation of a particular situation, the subject under study, can be known over the period of time and projection can be made about the future. 6. Regression Analysis: Regression analysis is meant to disclose the relative movements of two or more inter-related series. It is used to estimate the changes in one variable as a result of specified changes in other variable or variables. In economic and business situations, a number of factors affect a business activity simultaneously. 7. Input-Output Analysis: According to this method, a forecast of output is based on given input if relationship between input and output is known. Similarly, input requirement can be forecast on the basis of final output with a given input-output relationship. The basis of this technique is that the various sectors of economy are inter related and such inter-relationships are well-established..
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DEMAND ESTIMATION AND FORCASTING.pptx
This slide contain detail presentation of demand estimation and forecasting which include meaning demand estimation and forecasting , types of objectives of demand forecasting , process of demand forecasting, factors affecting demand forecasting and it's types of demand forecasting.
This slides can be helpful to BBA,B.COM AND MBA STUDENTS and anyone who want to learn so if you like this slides then share with your family and friends.
Financial forecasting & planning
methods of financial forecasting (including both qualitative & quantitative)
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Introduction
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Definition
Features of forecasting
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Forecasting in OPM.pptx
This presentation describes the forecasting techniques in production and operations management.
Introduction to demand forecasting
This is a presentation covering the concepts of demand forecasting. it includes the meaning of demand forecasting, purpose, scope and factors affecting demand forecasting. It also covers the methods of forecasting for both new and existing products.
Analysis
analysis and interpretation of financial statements - financial management - management accounting - financial accounting
ForecastingDiscuss the different types of forecasts to include tim.pdf
Forecasting
Discuss the different types of forecasts to include time-series, causal, and qualitative models.
When might a researcher or project manager utilize exponential smoothing?
What benefit does a Delphi technique provide when working with qualitative-based decision
making?
Solution
Forecasting is basically the process of estimating or predicting the future trend, based on the
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the trend is going to be in a future date based on what we saw in the past and what we are
observing in the present scenario.
Time series methods:
These methods use historical data to assume future trends.
There are various time series methods such as,
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such as stock prices,trading volumes or returns.Among the most popular technical indicators,
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fluctuations that are inherent in all financial markets.
As new values become available, the oldest data points must be dropped from the set and new
data points must come in to replace them. Thus, the data set is constantly \"moving\" to account
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information is being accounted for.
for example, to calculate a basic 10-day moving average you would add up the closing prices
from the past 10 days and then divide the result by 10. The average thus obtained is plotted on a
chart. As the time progresses, we replace the first variable with the latest variable available ie.
latest closing price of 11th day, therefore getting a new avaerage. We plot this one too in the
chart. The chart thus formed gives a trend which is used for forecasting future movements.
2)Exponentially smoothed moving average:
Over the years, technicians have found two problems with the simple moving average. The first
problem lies in the time frame of the moving average (MA). Most technical analysts believe that
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Which of the following is incorrect about emergent propertiesA. T.pdf
Which of the following is incorrect about emergent properties?
A. They can be inferred just by studying the individual parts.
B. They emerge as individual components organized into complex systems.
C. They result from the way in which individual components interact.
D. They are in part responsible for the complexity of living systems.
Solution
A. They can be inferred just by studying the individual parts. -----> FALSE
B. They emerge as individual components organised into complex systems. ----> TRUE
C. They result from the way in which individual components interact. ------> TRUE
D. They are in part responsible for the complexity of living systems. ---> TRUE
Emergence is a phenomenon in which the complex entities are formed by the interactions among
the simple entities. The properties exhibited by the complex entities are exhibited by the simpler
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This work seeks to forecast stocks of the Nigerian banking sector using probability multivariate time series models. The study involved the stocks from six different banks that were found to be analytically interrelated. Stationarity of the six series were obtained by differencing. Model selection criteria were employed and the best fitted model was selected to be a vector autoregressive model of order 1. The model was subjected to diagnostic checks and was found to be adequate. Consequently, forecasts of stocks were generated for the next two years.
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analysis and interpretation of financial statements - financial management - management accounting - financial accounting
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Discuss the different types of forecasts to include time-series, causal, and qualitative models.
When might a researcher or project manager utilize exponential smoothing?
What benefit does a Delphi technique provide when working with qualitative-based decision
making?
Solution
Forecasting is basically the process of estimating or predicting the future trend, based on the
trend and information of the past and the present.Forecasting is a calculated assumption of how
the trend is going to be in a future date based on what we saw in the past and what we are
observing in the present scenario.
Time series methods:
These methods use historical data to assume future trends.
There are various time series methods such as,
1)Simple Moving Average Method: it is commonly used in technical analysis of financial data
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moving averages are used to gauge the direction of the current trend.It is calculated by averaging
a number of past data points. Once determined, the resulting average is then plotted onto a chart
in order to allow traders to look at smoothed data rather than focusing on the day-to-day price
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As new values become available, the oldest data points must be dropped from the set and new
data points must come in to replace them. Thus, the data set is constantly \"moving\" to account
for new data as it becomes available. This method of calculation ensures that only the current
information is being accounted for.
for example, to calculate a basic 10-day moving average you would add up the closing prices
from the past 10 days and then divide the result by 10. The average thus obtained is plotted on a
chart. As the time progresses, we replace the first variable with the latest variable available ie.
latest closing price of 11th day, therefore getting a new avaerage. We plot this one too in the
chart. The chart thus formed gives a trend which is used for forecasting future movements.
2)Exponentially smoothed moving average:
Over the years, technicians have found two problems with the simple moving average. The first
problem lies in the time frame of the moving average (MA). Most technical analysts believe that
price action, the opening or closing stock price, is not enough on which to depend for properly
predicting buy or sell signals of the MA\'s crossover action. To solve this problem, analysts now
assign more weight to the most recent price data by using the exponentially smoothed moving
average (EMA).It is a type of infinite impulse response filter that applies weighting factors
which decrease exponentially. The weighting for each older datum decreases exponentially,
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Select one:
True
False
Rice has a genome size of about 420-460 million base pairs while humans have a genome size of
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b. Rice is a plant, while humans are animals.
c. Humans have more genes than rice.
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e. The vertebrate lineage has a longer evolutionary history.
Solution
Answer A)Darwin\'s theory is based on natural selection and the servival of fittest.
According to the theory the characteristics which are best fitted transfer to the next progeny.
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Acquired characters of a species throughout its lifetime pass to its progeny through genetic
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generation.
It supports the natural selection theory too.
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2)Survival of fittest
3) acquired characters transfer through genetic material.
Points of psuedo Darwinian theory not support Darwin theory-
1) All acquired characters do not transmit to next generation only useful character transmite.
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3)Human races are separate species which is rejected by Darwin.
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Answer 2)
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Please research Meaningful Use. Prepare a brief report on its origin, its purpose, how it is
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Solution
Meaningful Use(MU)
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->Engage patients and families in their health
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->Ensure adequate privacy and security protection for personal health information
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defined by the use of certified EHR technology in a meaningful manner
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technology is connected in a manner that provides for the electronic
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(starting in 2011). Participation in the CMS EHR incentive program is totally
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adjustments to their Medicare/Medicaid fees starting at 1% reduction and escalating
to 3% reduction by 2017 and beyond.
The CDC currently offers several types of technical assistance to state and
local health departments related to Meaningful Use, including:
->Meaningful Use Public Health Technical Assistance Team - To request assistance
from this team, email meaningfuluse@cdc.gov with “Request for Technical Assistance”
in the Subject line.The CDC National Program of Cancer Registries provides support
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Heat transfer is the exchange of thermal energy between physical systems. The rate ofheat
transfer is dependent on the temperatures of the systems and the properties of the intervening
medium through which the heat is transferred. The three fundamental modes of heat transfer are
conduction, convection and radiation.
On a microscopic scale, heat conduction occurs as hot, rapidly moving or vibrating atoms and
molecules interact with neighboring atoms and molecules, transferring some of their energy
(heat) to these neighboring particles. In other words, heat is transferred by conduction when
adjacent atoms vibrate against one another, or as electrons move from one atom to another.
Conduction is the most significant means of heat transfer within a solid or between solid objects
in thermal contact. Fluids—especially gases—are less conductive.Thermal contact conductance
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mechanical means.
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movement of fluids, a process that is essentially the transfer of heat via mass transfer. Bulk
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IM102 cannot be removed.
Person class:
public class Person {
private String name;
private String address;
public Person(String name, String address) {
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
}
public Person(String address){
this.address = address;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public String getAddress(){
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address){
this.address = address;
}
public String toString() {
return name + \"(\" + address + \")\";
}
}
Teacher sub class
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Teacher extends Person {
private int numCourses = 0;
private ArrayList courses = new ArrayList();
public Teacher(String name, String address){
super(name,address);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return \"Teacher: \" + super.toString();
}
public boolean addCourse (String course){
for (int i = 0; i < numCourses; i++) {
if (courses.get(i).equals(course))
return false;
}
courses.add(course);
numCourses++;
return true;
}
public boolean removeCourse (String course){
boolean found = false;
int courseIndex = -1;
for (int j = 0; j < numCourses; j++) {
if (courses.get(j).equals(course)) {
courseIndex = j;
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (found) {
for (int k = courseIndex; k < numCourses-1; k++) {
courses.get(k+1);
}
numCourses--;
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
}
Person Launcer
System.out.println(\"\ \");
System.out.println(\">>> Test Teacher class\");
Teacher tch = new Teacher (\"Paul Tan\", \"8 sunset way\");
System.out.println(tch);
String[] courses = {\"IM101\", \"IM102\", \"IM101\"};
for (String course: courses) {
if (tch.addCourse(course)) {
System.out.println(course + \" added.\");
} else {
System.out.println(course + \" cannot be added.\");
}
}
for (String course: courses) {
if (tch.removeCourse(course)) {
System.out.println(course + \" removed.\");
} else {
System.out.println(course + \" cannot be removed.\");
}
}
System.out.println(\"\ \");
Solution
// edit the below method like this :
public boolean removeCourse (String course){
boolean found = false;
int courseIndex = -1;
for (int j = 0; j < numCourses; j++) {
if (courses.get(j).equals(course)) {
courseIndex = j;
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (found) {
courses.remove(course);
numCourses--;
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}.
Logical FallociesP1 All college students have pet monkeys.P2 J.pdf
Logical Fallocies
P1: All college students have pet monkeys.
P2: Janice is a college student.
C: Janice has a pet monkey.
Valid and Sound
Valid but not Sound
Not Valid, but Sound
Not Valid, Not Sound.
The answer Valid and Sound was found the be the wrong answer. Please give correct answer.
and reason why.
Solution
Based on the premise that all college students have pet monkeys , as Janice is a college student,
must have a pet monkey is valid , but it is unlikely , so the correct answer is VALID BUT NOT
SOUND..
IP Security One problem with Internet protocol (IP) is that it has.pdf
IP Security
One problem with Internet protocol (IP) is that it has no method for confirming the authenticity
and security of data as it moves through the net. IP datagrams are typically routed between
devices over disparate networks; as a result, information within these datagrams could be
intercepted and altered. As use of the Internet for critical applications has increased, the need for
enhancements to IP security became necessary. As a result, the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) created a set of protocols called IP Security, or IPsec, to support the secure exchange of
packets over the Internet. IPsec is now a mandatory component of IPv6 and must be supported
for any IPv6 implementation. IPsec is implemented in IPv6 using the authentication header (AH)
and the encapsulating security payload (ESP) extension header.
Answer the following questions in a 3- to 4-page, APA-formatted paper:
1 What is IPsec, and why is it necessary? How is IPsec used in VPN?
2 Which network layer currently suffers from attacks, and why? At which layers of the
network stack architecture should a solution be attempted? Provide details.
3 How is IP security achieved? What is the basic authentication scheme? Which mechanisms
are used? What are some of the application venues of IPsec?
4 How is a VPN implemented on a server so that its clients can connect to it?
Remember to properly cite your sources according to APA guidelines.
Solution
IPSec
IPsec also known as IP Security.Internet Protocol Security is a framework for a set of protocols
that provide security for internet protocol. It can use cryptography to provide security. IPsec
support network level data integrity, data confidentiality. As it is integrated at the internet layer
(i.e. layer 3), it provides security for all the protocols in the TCP/IP. IPsec applied transparently
to the applications, there is no need to configure separate security for each application the uses
TCP/IP.
IPsec provides security for
IPsec provides two choices of security service: Authentication Header (AH), which essentially
allows authentication of the sender of data, and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), which
supports both authentication of the sender and encryption of data as well. The specific
information associated with each of these services is inserted into the packet in a header that
follows the IP packet header. Separate key protocols can be selected, such as the
ISAKMP/Oakley protocol.
IPsec is necessary for
Earlier security approaches have inserted security at the Application layer of the communications
model. IPsec is said to be especially useful for implementing virtual private networks and for
remote user access through dial-up connection to private networks. A big advantage of IPsec is
that security arrangements can be handled without requiring changes to individual user
computers. Cisco has been a leader in proposing IPsec as a standard (or combination of standards
and technologies) and has included support fo.
Genmo CorporationOn the night of February 27, 2012, certain recor.pdf
Genmo Corporation*
On the night of February 27, 2012, certain records of the Genmo Corporation were accidentally
destroyed by fire. Two days after that the principal owner had an appointment with an investor to
discuss the possible sale of the company. The owner needed as much information as could be
gathered for this purpose, recognizing that over a longer period of time a more complete
reconstruction would be possible.
On the morning of February 28, the following were available: (1) A balance sheet as of
December 31, 2010, and an income statement for 2010 (Exhibit 1) and (2) certain fragmentary
data and ratios that had been calculated from the current financial statements (Exhibit 2). The
statements themselves had been destroyed in the fire. (In ratios involving balance sheet amounts,
Genmo used yearend amounts rather than an average.) And (3) the following data (in thousands):
2011 revenues.............................................................. $10,281
Current liabilities, December 31, 2011 ......................... 2,285
EXHIBIT 1 Genmo Corporation Financial Statements
(thousands of dollars)
BALANCE SHEET
As of December 31, 2010
Assets
Current assets: Cash................................................................ $ 18
Marketable securities..................................... 494
Accounts receivable...................................... 728
Inventories...................................................... 972
Prepaid expenses........................................... 214
Total current assets..................................... 2,426
Investments……………………………………………. 898
Real estate, plant, and equipment........................... $4,727
Less: Accumulated depreciation..................... 2,433 2,294
Special tools............................................................. 171
Goodwill................................................................... 594
Total assets.............................................................. $6,383
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities: Accounts payable............................................. $ 732
Loans payable.................................................. 266
Accrued liabilities.............................................. 1,232
Total current liabilities............................. 2,230
Long-term debt.......................................................... 250
Other noncurrent liabilities......................................... 951
Total liabilities............................................................ 3,431
Shareholders’ equity: Preferred stock................................................. 25
Common stock................................................. 54
Additional paid-in capital.................................. 667
Retained earnings............................................ 2,206
Total shareholders’ equity....................... 2,952
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity.................... $6,383
Income Statement, 2010
Total revenu.
In the formula for determining a populations genotype frequencies, .pdf
In the formula for determining a population\'s genotype frequencies, the pq in the term 2pq is
necessary because the population is diploid. heterozygotes can come about in two ways. the
population is doubling in number. heterozygotes have two alleles. What is the founder effect? a
selection of the best-suited traits for the environment a series of chance events that change allele
frequency when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, and their gene pool
differs from that source population a sudden change in the environment that reduces the size of
the population Which of the following activities occurs first in order to begin speciation? single
gene change formation of mechanical barrier to reproduction postzygotic hybrid sterility in
Drosophila interruption of gene flow between two populations A genetic change that caused a
certain Hox gene to be expressed along the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther back
helped make possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb. This type of change is illustrative of the
influence of environment on development. paedomorphosis. A change in a developmental gene
or in its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts. heterochrony. Which of
the following statements about dinoflagellates is true? They possess two flagella. All known
varieties are autotrophic. Their walls are usually composed of silica plates. Many types lack
mitochondria. Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as a filtering
material.
Solution
Ans. 6: pq in the term 2pq is necessary because heterozygoted have two alleles, hence option D
is correct.
Ans. 7: Founder\'s effect is when few individuals separate from large population and their gene
pool differs from source population. Hence option C is correct.
Ans. 8: interruption of gene flow between two population is first step for speciation hence option
D is correct.
Ans. 9: the given process is best explained by option C.
Ans. 10: option E is more correct amongst the given options..
How is a cell membrane selectively permeable - what permeates and.pdf
How is a cell membrane selectively permeable - what permeates and what does not? How is a
dialysis membrane selectively permeable - what Dermeates and what does not?
Solution
The cell membrane is said to be selectively permeable as it allow some substances to enter
through while limiting the passage of others. Three ways in which the cell membrane controls
the movement of substances is diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport.
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane has lipid bilayer with their hydrophobic tails facing
each other and their hydrophilic heads in the exterior and interior of the cell membrane.
With diffusion, substances such as water, oxygen and carbon dioxide flow from a place of high
concentration to a place of low concentration.
In facilitated diffusion, ions and large molecules pass thru a membrane down their concentration
gradients.
Active transport require energy to power the pumps that pass substances from one side of the
membrane to the other in opposition to their concentration gradients. For example, the sodium-
potassium pump pumps 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell using the ATP.
This dialysis membrane is selectively permeable regenerated cellulose used to illustrate the
principles of osmosis and diffusion.
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High molecular weight debris along with starch, polysaccharides, fats and protein are limited..
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