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1. Unit 6 - APOPTOSIS
LIFE SCIENCE TEACHING TOPIC
DONE BY : SUMESHNEE VENKETAS
201309023

2. What is Apoptosis?
 Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death in multicellular
organisms.
 The cells of a multicellular organism are member that are part if a
community.
 The number of cells are tightly regulated by controlling the rates of cell
death rather then the rates of cell division.
 If cells are no longer needed, they commit suicide by activating an
intracellular death program.

4. Apoptosis is a biochemical event that leads to morphological cell changes and death.
These changes include:
 Blebbing: when a cell detaches its cytoskeleton from the membrane , causing the
membrane to swell into bubbles, which distorts the shape of the cell. A bleb is a bulge
of the plasma membrane caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from
the plasma membrane.
 Cell fragmentation: the destructive fragmentation of the nucleus of a dying cell
whereby the chromatin network is distributed irregularly throughout the cytoplasm. Also
know as Karyorrhexis
 Chromatin condensation: also known as Pyknosis or Karyopyknosis which is the
irreversible condensation of the chromatin in the nucleus of a cell undergoing
apoptosis. Is followed by Karyorrhexis. Pyknosis is also observed in the maturing of red
blood cells.

5. APOPTOS

6. Apoptosis in Plants
 In plants, cell death is perfected in such a way, that they leave behind
modified cells that are dead but also intact for specific functions.
 example most of the Xylem elements and sclerenchyma elements go
through such process.

7. Apoptosis in animals.
 Apoptosis plays an essential part in homeostasis development and human
disease by the removal of unwanted, damaged or infected cells. However,
apoptosis may also have a pathogenic role by contributing to cell death
and tissue injury. Apoptotic cell death occurs in a wide range of human
viral infections, including infections of the central nervous system, heart and
liver.
 It can also play a role in the development of a fetus .

8. Apoptosis in Cancer
 In cancer cells there is to little apoptosis that takes place which results in malignant
cells that do not die off. Resulting in cancer cells spreading.

9. References
 en.m.Wikipedia.org
 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Albert.B, Johnson.A, Lewis.J, Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. et al. New York: Garland Science; 2002
 plantcellbiology.masters.grkraj.org/html/Plant_Cell_Apoptosis1.htm
 http://www.jeccr.com/content/30/1/87
 Apoptosis in cancer: from pathogenesis to treatment
 Rebecca SY Wong
Apoptosis in cancer: from pathogenesis to treatment
Rebecca SY Wong
Correspondence: Rebecca SY Wong rebecca_wong@imu.edu.my
Author Affiliations
Division of Human Biology, School of Medical and Health Sciences, International Medical University. No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil
57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2011, 30:87