How can the Internet be used for competitive advantage in business? Describe three firms which
are using the Internet for conducting business, and speculate as to the underlying technologies
which might be in use in these firms. Will the Internet become an essential business tool like the
telephone or will it go the way of the dinosaurs?
Solution
a) Usage of Internet for Competitive Advantage in Business
At its most fundamental level, competitive advantage is a measure of the value that a firm
is able to create and transfer to its customers. Essentially, a firm can create value for its
customers in one of three ways:
1.By providing their products and/or services at a lower price than its competitors;
2. By differentiating its products and/or services from competitors through the
provision of unique benefits which offset a premium price;
3. Through a combination of both a low price and differentiation strategy which is
focused on a particular market or segment .
Information and networking technologies are creating a new marketing paradigm, this new
paradigm is described as \'one-to-one marketing\', where greater emphasis is being placed on
individuality and customisation.
The Internet, as an interactive medium, offers the capability to support the emerging business
ethos more completely than traditional communication media. Empirical surveys show that the
majority of businesses using the Internet have a passive presence, suggesting that strategic
business use of the World Wide Web is still in its infancy.
Information technology will render rivalry between competitors more intense, yet also create
additional opportunities to develop competitive advantage such as ,
i) the creation of new business interrelationships within the value system,
ii) the expansion of industry scope, and
iii) the increased ability to co-ordinate value activities regionally, nationally, and globally.
Porter and Miller suggest that IT will create competitive advantage by providing
companies with new ways to outperform their competitors.
IT can have a powerful effect on the cost structure of a business, can increase opportunities for
differentiation, and can alter a firm\'s competitive scope.
Examining the impact of the Internet in relation to this proposition, there are a number of
competitive advantages to be realised at each stage of the value system. These include,
i) process inputs from suppliers (upstream value),
ii) internal operations (value chain), and
iii) customer relations (downstream value).
b) Firms that use Internet
Travel Industry:
Travel and Tourism is one of the highest revenue-generating sectors of the internet, The rapid
growth of the internet is having an impact on the distribution of travel services and has
heightened speculation about the potential for disintermediation of the travel agent.
Banking Sector:
Nearly 57 percent of the Indian commercial banks are providing transactional Internet banking
services. The univariate analysis indicates that Int.
An Analysis of Strategy of Internet Marketing in Indian ScenarioDr. Amarjeet Singh
The use of internet has a direct effect on country’s
economy. A study from Indian Council for Research and
International Economic Relations (ICRIER) reveals that on
an average 10% increase in internet subscriber results in
1.08% of increase in output. Thus, the increasing internet
penetration has a huge impact on country’s GDP. Internet is
overcoming the constraints like lack of alternative
infrastructure, lack of proper roads and lack of information
fairly efficiently and quickly. Internet has brought more
transparency into the system which is giving everybody equal
opportunity. Internet users are able to compare prices, search
hard-to-find items or information, communicate and learn in
new, improved ways. Governments can serve citizens much
more quickly and cost effectively through e-governance. It
has changed the way business is conducted in today’s world.
This article will focus on Internet marketing and the
strategies used to make the efforts successful. The Internet
poses both opportunities and threats to the field of marketing.
When developing a strategic marketing plan, organizations
will need to determine if and when internet marketing will be
utilized. The success of the Internet as a medium for
marketing depends upon how well the system outperforms
alternative systems. This article will also explore how an
organization can establish a customer base with the sitecentric and symbiotic marketing approaches.
Modern World has witnessed tremendous growth of e-commerce industry in term of volume of business and its acceptance among the customers. It has really posed a question on traditional commerce module so as many of them has associated or converted themselves into e-commerce. The question remains whether all of India has been included in it or only urban population is availing the facilities available via e-commerce; and secondly are the online customers fully satisfied and do not expect anything else save what is offered right now ? In this research we have tried to find out answer to these questions so as the customer can share their experiences and perceptions towards the e-commerce business module and how the relationship could be better by identifying areas of improvement and inclusion for the e-commerce industry to make the relationship fruitful.
An Analysis of Strategy of Internet Marketing in Indian ScenarioDr. Amarjeet Singh
The use of internet has a direct effect on country’s
economy. A study from Indian Council for Research and
International Economic Relations (ICRIER) reveals that on
an average 10% increase in internet subscriber results in
1.08% of increase in output. Thus, the increasing internet
penetration has a huge impact on country’s GDP. Internet is
overcoming the constraints like lack of alternative
infrastructure, lack of proper roads and lack of information
fairly efficiently and quickly. Internet has brought more
transparency into the system which is giving everybody equal
opportunity. Internet users are able to compare prices, search
hard-to-find items or information, communicate and learn in
new, improved ways. Governments can serve citizens much
more quickly and cost effectively through e-governance. It
has changed the way business is conducted in today’s world.
This article will focus on Internet marketing and the
strategies used to make the efforts successful. The Internet
poses both opportunities and threats to the field of marketing.
When developing a strategic marketing plan, organizations
will need to determine if and when internet marketing will be
utilized. The success of the Internet as a medium for
marketing depends upon how well the system outperforms
alternative systems. This article will also explore how an
organization can establish a customer base with the sitecentric and symbiotic marketing approaches.
Modern World has witnessed tremendous growth of e-commerce industry in term of volume of business and its acceptance among the customers. It has really posed a question on traditional commerce module so as many of them has associated or converted themselves into e-commerce. The question remains whether all of India has been included in it or only urban population is availing the facilities available via e-commerce; and secondly are the online customers fully satisfied and do not expect anything else save what is offered right now ? In this research we have tried to find out answer to these questions so as the customer can share their experiences and perceptions towards the e-commerce business module and how the relationship could be better by identifying areas of improvement and inclusion for the e-commerce industry to make the relationship fruitful.
INTRODUCTION 351consumers are placing their orders online, but.docxmariuse18nolet
INTRODUCTION 351
consumers are placing their orders online, but companies still provide toll-free numbers for those who are hesitant to provide confidential information, such as credit card numbers, online. Airlines were among the first providers to provide a financial incentive to purchase online. Later, they shifted to an additional financial cost if toll-free numbers of support personnel were accessed to make a purchase.
Concerns about Internet security have been blown out of proportion. Although online business transactions are not perfectly secure, they are no riskier than ordering via telephone or fax. Computer hackers are similar to everyday criminals who try to find ways to circumvent security systems and procedures, although there are some additional security issues associated with electronic commerce. First, the Internet is an open network without any physical barriers to prevent theft (e.g., hidden cameras, safes, security guards). Second, the same technologies that are being used for commerce can be used to breach security (e.g., computer software used to search for passwords).
Several methods can be used to restrict access and improve security in electronic commerce. First, a form of authentication can be required through the use of some combination of account numbers, passwords, and IP (Internet protocol) addresses. Second, a firewall can be used to monitor traffic between an organization's network and the Internet. This barrier can restrict access to certain IP addresses or applications. A third method is to use coding or encryption techniques to transform data to protect their meaning. These security methods can be used individually or together depending on the level of security desired. For instance, firms that are transmitting payment information will be more inclined to use all three levels of defense. This next section covers four topics: the traits of a networked economy, the definition and scope of electronic commerce, the use of electronic marketing, and the beginning of electronic commerce.
Authentication
Verifying the appropriate access by a user through the use of some combination of account numbers, passwords, and IP (Internet protocol) addresses.
Firewall
A filter is used to monitor traffic between an organization's network and the Internet. This barrier can restrict access to certain IP addresses, applications or content.
INTRODUCTION 349
Traits of a Networked Economy
Some people view electronic commerce as a boom-and-bust cycle, but that is really not true. In the mid-1990s, there was a dramatic increase in activity in the broad field of e-commerce. Companies such as eBay, Amazon, and Expc dia provide tangible evidence of the impact that e-commerce has had on th business world. These companies, and hundreds like them, created an ecc nomic boom unlike anything seen before. It began to unravel in 2000, wit the dot-com bust." The impacts are still being felt. Most traditional comp; nies.
The Changing Face of E Commerce in Nigeria Prospects and ChallengesYogeshIJTSRD
While prior studies focused on the determinants of adoption of e commerce in large scale businesses and organizations, there is a few of empirical research on this issue of acceptance of e commerce in retail shops in emerging economies. This study addresses this lacuna by focusing on the changing faces of e commerce factors driving Nigerian retail shops’ adoption of online selling. A framework based on the extant literature and established model in the relevant field is critically examined in this study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and percentage. The results showed that there is low involvement of consumers in e commerce changes in Nigeria. Secondly, the study also found out that the availability of online shopping does not affect the number of shopping trips that consumers make to physical stores. This finding has implications for e commerce sites and the government in designing an appropriate strategy for the implementation of technological innovation that are highlighted in the study. Dr. Robinson Aristarchus Bananda | Dr. Kennedy O. Nwagwu "The Changing Face of E-Commerce in Nigeria; Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38018.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/38018/the-changing-face-of-ecommerce-in-nigeria-prospects-and-challenges/dr-robinson-aristarchus-bananda
This video is presented by USEP's BSCS student Melissa B. Carpio under Mr. ND Arquillano as a partial fulfilment for Elective 4 -E-Commerce.
It talks about:
*Introduction to e-business and e-commerce
*E-commerce fundamentals
*E-business infrastructure
*E-environment
*Supply chain management
*E-marketing
*Customer relationship management
*Change management
*Analysis and design
*M-Commerce
*Management of mobile commerce services
This E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services, or the
transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the internet. These business transactions occur
either as business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer or consumer-to-business. The term
e-tail is also sometimes used in reference to transactional processes for online shopping. E-commerce is conducted
using a variety of applications, such as email, online catalogs and shopping carts, EDI, File Transfer Protocol, and
web services. The benefits of e-commerce include its around-the-clock availability, the speed of access, the wide
availability of goods and services for the consumer, easy accessibility, and international reach. The presented
paper is an outcome of a review of various research studies carried out on e-commerce. The paper examines
various opportunities of e-commerce. It raises the key challenges that are being faced by consumers relating to ecommerce.
How to Read the City Evaluating evidence to generate informed urban .pdfellanorfelicityri239
How to Read the City? Evaluating evidence to generate informed urban perspectives. People
understand cities through recognizable elements that provide legibility and emotional security of
being in familiar settings. Please describe two recognizable elements that you associate with
Baltimore as a City. 3.
Solution
Answer:- We can read a city by evaluating health of people and development of city . Traffic of
road is also a element of read of city. Crime evaluation is also very important in read of city.
Evaluation means the systematic investigation of the merit , worth or significance of an object or
effort.
Evaluation of community health and development program is very necessary.
There are two major element for evaluate
(i) health
(ii) Development of infrastructure
Evaluation of health of people of Baltimore city is very necessary. Evaluation of development of
infrastructure of city is very necessary for city. By help of evaluation we can read condition of
city.
Pollution in city is main cause of health problem in city. Quality of water is very important for
evaluating health condition of people of city.
By development of infrastructure we can improve condition of city. Development is very
necessary for Baltimore city..
How do transpiration, cohesion and adhesion all work together to pro.pdfellanorfelicityri239
How do transpiration, cohesion and adhesion all work together to provide the forces necessary to
overcome gravity to transport water from the roots to the leaves without expending energy?
Include definitions of the three terms as they relate to the transport of water up the plant.
HINT: Begin with transpiration (define); then explain how cohesion (define) and adhesion
(define) work together to get water up the plant. Don\'t be too long
Solution
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and evaporates from aerial parts
- leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water is
used for growth and metabolism, above 97% of water is lost by transpiration and guttation.
Transpiration occurs through the stomata cells during photosynthesis. Transpiration also cools
plants, changes osmotic pressure of cells, and enables mass flow of mineral nutrients and water
from roots to shoots.
Cohesion: It is the phenomenon attraction between the similar molecules. The water molecules
remain attracted by cohesive forces and cannot be separated from one another.
Adhesion: The ability of a substance to stick to an unlike molecules (attraction between unlike
molecules)
Cohesion Tension theory is a theory of ascent of sap. It was proposed by Dixon and Joly in
1894. The theory describes the movement of water from roots to the leaves of a plant. Water
molecules are bonded to each other by hydrogen bonding, hence water form a string (linear) of
molecules during its movement toward xylem.
The water is filled inside the xylem capillaries and due to the cohesion and adhesion properties
of water it forms a continuous water column from roots to leaves.
Cohesive and adhesive properties of water molecules to form an unbroken continuous water
column in the xylem. Transpiration pull exerted on this water column. The water column could
not be pulled away from the xylem walls because of cohesion-adhesion properties of water..
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INTRODUCTION 351consumers are placing their orders online, but.docxmariuse18nolet
INTRODUCTION 351
consumers are placing their orders online, but companies still provide toll-free numbers for those who are hesitant to provide confidential information, such as credit card numbers, online. Airlines were among the first providers to provide a financial incentive to purchase online. Later, they shifted to an additional financial cost if toll-free numbers of support personnel were accessed to make a purchase.
Concerns about Internet security have been blown out of proportion. Although online business transactions are not perfectly secure, they are no riskier than ordering via telephone or fax. Computer hackers are similar to everyday criminals who try to find ways to circumvent security systems and procedures, although there are some additional security issues associated with electronic commerce. First, the Internet is an open network without any physical barriers to prevent theft (e.g., hidden cameras, safes, security guards). Second, the same technologies that are being used for commerce can be used to breach security (e.g., computer software used to search for passwords).
Several methods can be used to restrict access and improve security in electronic commerce. First, a form of authentication can be required through the use of some combination of account numbers, passwords, and IP (Internet protocol) addresses. Second, a firewall can be used to monitor traffic between an organization's network and the Internet. This barrier can restrict access to certain IP addresses or applications. A third method is to use coding or encryption techniques to transform data to protect their meaning. These security methods can be used individually or together depending on the level of security desired. For instance, firms that are transmitting payment information will be more inclined to use all three levels of defense. This next section covers four topics: the traits of a networked economy, the definition and scope of electronic commerce, the use of electronic marketing, and the beginning of electronic commerce.
Authentication
Verifying the appropriate access by a user through the use of some combination of account numbers, passwords, and IP (Internet protocol) addresses.
Firewall
A filter is used to monitor traffic between an organization's network and the Internet. This barrier can restrict access to certain IP addresses, applications or content.
INTRODUCTION 349
Traits of a Networked Economy
Some people view electronic commerce as a boom-and-bust cycle, but that is really not true. In the mid-1990s, there was a dramatic increase in activity in the broad field of e-commerce. Companies such as eBay, Amazon, and Expc dia provide tangible evidence of the impact that e-commerce has had on th business world. These companies, and hundreds like them, created an ecc nomic boom unlike anything seen before. It began to unravel in 2000, wit the dot-com bust." The impacts are still being felt. Most traditional comp; nies.
The Changing Face of E Commerce in Nigeria Prospects and ChallengesYogeshIJTSRD
While prior studies focused on the determinants of adoption of e commerce in large scale businesses and organizations, there is a few of empirical research on this issue of acceptance of e commerce in retail shops in emerging economies. This study addresses this lacuna by focusing on the changing faces of e commerce factors driving Nigerian retail shops’ adoption of online selling. A framework based on the extant literature and established model in the relevant field is critically examined in this study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and percentage. The results showed that there is low involvement of consumers in e commerce changes in Nigeria. Secondly, the study also found out that the availability of online shopping does not affect the number of shopping trips that consumers make to physical stores. This finding has implications for e commerce sites and the government in designing an appropriate strategy for the implementation of technological innovation that are highlighted in the study. Dr. Robinson Aristarchus Bananda | Dr. Kennedy O. Nwagwu "The Changing Face of E-Commerce in Nigeria; Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38018.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/38018/the-changing-face-of-ecommerce-in-nigeria-prospects-and-challenges/dr-robinson-aristarchus-bananda
This video is presented by USEP's BSCS student Melissa B. Carpio under Mr. ND Arquillano as a partial fulfilment for Elective 4 -E-Commerce.
It talks about:
*Introduction to e-business and e-commerce
*E-commerce fundamentals
*E-business infrastructure
*E-environment
*Supply chain management
*E-marketing
*Customer relationship management
*Change management
*Analysis and design
*M-Commerce
*Management of mobile commerce services
This E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services, or the
transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the internet. These business transactions occur
either as business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer or consumer-to-business. The term
e-tail is also sometimes used in reference to transactional processes for online shopping. E-commerce is conducted
using a variety of applications, such as email, online catalogs and shopping carts, EDI, File Transfer Protocol, and
web services. The benefits of e-commerce include its around-the-clock availability, the speed of access, the wide
availability of goods and services for the consumer, easy accessibility, and international reach. The presented
paper is an outcome of a review of various research studies carried out on e-commerce. The paper examines
various opportunities of e-commerce. It raises the key challenges that are being faced by consumers relating to ecommerce.
How to Read the City Evaluating evidence to generate informed urban .pdfellanorfelicityri239
How to Read the City? Evaluating evidence to generate informed urban perspectives. People
understand cities through recognizable elements that provide legibility and emotional security of
being in familiar settings. Please describe two recognizable elements that you associate with
Baltimore as a City. 3.
Solution
Answer:- We can read a city by evaluating health of people and development of city . Traffic of
road is also a element of read of city. Crime evaluation is also very important in read of city.
Evaluation means the systematic investigation of the merit , worth or significance of an object or
effort.
Evaluation of community health and development program is very necessary.
There are two major element for evaluate
(i) health
(ii) Development of infrastructure
Evaluation of health of people of Baltimore city is very necessary. Evaluation of development of
infrastructure of city is very necessary for city. By help of evaluation we can read condition of
city.
Pollution in city is main cause of health problem in city. Quality of water is very important for
evaluating health condition of people of city.
By development of infrastructure we can improve condition of city. Development is very
necessary for Baltimore city..
How do transpiration, cohesion and adhesion all work together to pro.pdfellanorfelicityri239
How do transpiration, cohesion and adhesion all work together to provide the forces necessary to
overcome gravity to transport water from the roots to the leaves without expending energy?
Include definitions of the three terms as they relate to the transport of water up the plant.
HINT: Begin with transpiration (define); then explain how cohesion (define) and adhesion
(define) work together to get water up the plant. Don\'t be too long
Solution
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and evaporates from aerial parts
- leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water is
used for growth and metabolism, above 97% of water is lost by transpiration and guttation.
Transpiration occurs through the stomata cells during photosynthesis. Transpiration also cools
plants, changes osmotic pressure of cells, and enables mass flow of mineral nutrients and water
from roots to shoots.
Cohesion: It is the phenomenon attraction between the similar molecules. The water molecules
remain attracted by cohesive forces and cannot be separated from one another.
Adhesion: The ability of a substance to stick to an unlike molecules (attraction between unlike
molecules)
Cohesion Tension theory is a theory of ascent of sap. It was proposed by Dixon and Joly in
1894. The theory describes the movement of water from roots to the leaves of a plant. Water
molecules are bonded to each other by hydrogen bonding, hence water form a string (linear) of
molecules during its movement toward xylem.
The water is filled inside the xylem capillaries and due to the cohesion and adhesion properties
of water it forms a continuous water column from roots to leaves.
Cohesive and adhesive properties of water molecules to form an unbroken continuous water
column in the xylem. Transpiration pull exerted on this water column. The water column could
not be pulled away from the xylem walls because of cohesion-adhesion properties of water..
give an example of an qualitative variablegive an example of.pdfellanorfelicityri239
give an example of an qualitative variable
give an example of an qualitative variable
give an example of an qualitative variable
Solution
A qualitative variable does not contain numbers, it only desribes in terms of \"qualities\" . They
are also called categorical variable, and have no natural sense of ordering.
Examples: First Name of a person, hair color, zodiac sign etc.
Dynamic biological process influence population density, dispersion a.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Dynamic biological process influence population density, dispersion and demographics
Distinguish between density and dispersion of population. Describe conditions that may result in
clumped dispersion, uniform dispersion, and random dispersion of individuals in a population.
What is a life table and why is it a useful tool for ecologists interested in population ecology?
Distinguish between a life table and a reproductive table. What does a reproductive table tell us?
Describe the characteristics of populations that exhibit Type I, Type II, and Type III survivorship
curves. Could you draw the expected survivorship curve if you were given characteristics of the
population? The exponential model describes population growth in an idealized, unlimited
environment and the elastic model describes how a population grows more slowly as it nears its
carrying capacity. Compare the exponential model of population growth with the logistic model.
What expectations do we have about exponential growth in natural populations? Under what
conditions might we expect to see natural populations increase exponentially? What can
modeling an organism\'s capacity to grow exponentially tell us about it? Explain how an
environment\'s carrying capacity affects the per capita rate of increase of a population. Explain
the meaning of each of the following terms in the logistics model of population growth: dN/dt,
t_max, K N, and (K - N)/K? Distinguish between r-selected populations and K-selected
populations Life history traits are products of natural selection What are life history traits?
What defines an organisms life history? Define and distinguish between semelparity and
iteroparity. Explain what factors may favor the evolution of each life history strategy.
Solution
Density of a population means the number of individuals present in one unit area. Dispersion
means in what manner they are dispersed or spread out in that area whether randomly distributed,
or in groups or evenly dispersed. In clumped dispersion,animals make groups to move and live
together. Often when there is shortage and scarcity of resources in summers, animals tend to
make groups to share resources.These groups can be safeguards for juveniles and can protect
them. Preying skills of few animals can benefit rest of the group in getting the food. In Uniform
dispersion all the animals are evenly distributed on the area and mostly independent to prey and
fight for their own food. They find mate according to their own choice and compatibility and
protect themselves alone. In random dispersion, the population is distributed randomly in the
area where there is mix of all three dispersion patterns. There is enough food in the viscinity,
animals can roam and search freely their food and also can form group. Life table is a table that
has data about death and birth rates of a population under study, that can give ecologists
prediction about probable growth or shrink of a population. It gives them the pattern of .
Discuss some disadvantages of viable counts of microorganisms.So.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Discuss some disadvantages of viable counts of microorganisms.
Solution
Disadvantages of viable counts of microorganisms:-
1. The assumption that each colony is arsing from single cell- Staphylococcus is an example in
this regard, which form clumps of microorganisms where each clump is counted as one colony.
2. Variation in the rate at which bacteria give rise to an observable colony- In case of a short
incubation period, some colonies may be skipped and hence, the optomization of temperature
and medium condition is required.
3. Difficult in distinguishing living and non living cells- In case of a direct microscopic count,
this becomes an issue.
4. High sensitivity- Sensitivity in case of a viable count is a disadvantage if plating conditions
are optimal..
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic te.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests and nursing management
for patients with abnormal cell growth of the head, neck and chest.
Solution
The abnormal cell growth of the head, neck and chest may be due to neuroblastoma or the head
and neck cancer. The treatment and manifestations depend on type and location of growing cells,
tumor size, how far it has spread, and if the tumor cells secrete hormones.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Cancers of the head and neck are recognized by using the area wherein they begin: the oral
cavity, salivary glands, paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and lymph nodes
within the neck. Tumors inside the neck can often be visible or felt as a hard, painless lump. The
main reasons of head and neck cancers include tobacco (smoked or chewed), and alcohol. other
threat factors are solar exposure, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, radiation to the top and
neck, ancestry, Epstein-Barr virus infection, wooden dust or airborne asbestos, intake of certain
preservatives or salted meals, terrible oral hygiene, and Plummer-Vinson syndrome.
CLINICAL MENIFESTATION
If the tumor is in the chest, it would press at the superior vena cava. This will motive swelling
inside the face, neck, hands, and upper chest and occasionally with a bluish-crimson skin shade.
it can additionally cause headaches, dizziness, and a alternate in awareness if it influences the
mind. The tumor may press at the throat or windpipe, which could purpose coughing and
problem respiration or swallowing. Neuroblastomas that press on nerves within the chest or neck
can sometimes purpose other symptoms, together with a drooping eyelid and a small pupil.
Stress on different nerves near the backbone might have an effect on the potential to experience
or move their arms or legs. Symptoms of numerous head and neck cancer sites include a lump or
sore that does not heal, a sore throat that does not leave, issue swallowing, and a change or
hoarseness inside the voice. Neuroblastomas sometimes launch hormones that may reason
problems with tissues and organs, those troubles are known as paraneoplastic syndromes which
consist of steady diarrhea, Fever, excessive blood pressure causing irritability, speedy heartbeat,
Reddening of the pores and skin, Sweating etc.
DIAGNOSIS:
Tests conducted to diagnose head and neck most cancers range relying on the symptoms and can
include a biopsy, endoscopy, blood or urine checks, X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and pet scans.
• Physical examination may encompass visible inspection of the oral and nasal cavities, neck,
throat, and tongue the usage of a small mirror and/or lights. The physician may feel for lumps on
the neck, lips, gums, and cheeks.
• Endoscopy examines regions within the body. The kind of endoscope the doctor uses depends
at the vicinity being examined.
• Laboratory exams test the samples of blood, urine, or other substances from the body.
If the analysis is cancer, the doctor will need to learn.
Could you please do it in R program 1. Assume that we draw n data v.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Could you please do it in R program? 1. Assume that we draw n data values independently from
an exponential distribution with rate parameter , ie. (1, n ~ Exp(A). The exponential distribution
is a positive and right skewed distribution function (see the Wikipedia entry here and the R help
output here) and the probability distribution function is given by It is well known that the mean
of the exponential distribution is EX- and the variance is Var(X] 2 . The median of the
exponential distribution is given by log(2) Now a statistician is considering using two statistics to
estimate the mean of the distribution . The two statistics are: . The sample mean T1 = X = M 72
. The sample median divided by log(2), i.e. T2-X/log(2) The statistician knows that because Xi,...
,Xn are independent and identically dis- nVar(X tributed (iid.), Var(T) = (a) Using the central
limit theorem, what is the asymptotic distribution of V n(-1)? (b) Using the lecture notes, what is
the asymptotic distribution of Vn(X - lo2)? (c) Using the property that Var(cT-cyar(T) for any
statistic T and scalar c, along with the answer in part a, derive the formula for the asymptotic
variance Var(T2) (d) If we were to compare the two statistics, what is the asymptotic relative
efficiency ar(T (e) Based upon part c, which statistic is the most efficient statistic to estimate 1?
Broadly speaking, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both statistics? (f) Generate 1000
Exp(1) random variables using
Solution
X1,X2,…..,Xn is a random sample from Exp() distribution.
E(Xi)=1/ for i=1(1)n
V(Xi)=1/2 for i=1(1)n
(a)
Given T1= Xbar = (X1+X2+…..+Xn)/n
Then E(T1 ) =1/ and V(T1) = 1/n2
Using Lindeberg Levy Central limit theorem (clt) we get
(T1-1/)/(1/sqrt(n)) ~ N(0,1) asymptotically
=> sqrt(n)(T1-1/ ) ~ N(0,1) asymptotically
=> sqrt(n)( T1-1/ ) ~ N(0,1/2) asymptotically
(b)
The asymptotic distribution of sample median med(X) is normal distribution with mean =
population median and variance = 1/4n{f(pop med)}2
The population median is given as
med = log(2)/
Then f(log(2)/) = e-*log(2)/ = e-log(2) = /2
Then var=1/(4n*2/4) = 1/n2
Then med(X) ~ N(log(2)/,1/n 2) asymptotically.
=> med(X) – log(2)/ ~ N(0,1/n 2) asymptotically
=> sqrt(n){med(X)-log(2)/ ) ~ N(0, 1/2) asymptotically
(c)
V(T2) = V(med(X)/log(2))
= V(med(X))/{log(2)}2
= 1/n 2 {log(2)}2 asymptotically
(d)
ARE(T1,T2) = V(T1)/V(T2)
= {1/n2}/{1/n2(log(2))2}
= {log(2)}2
(e)
Note that E(T1)=1/ for all >0
But E(T2)= 1/ asymptotically
Also note that
ARE(T1,T2) = V(T1)/V(T2) < 1
=> V(T1) < V(T2) asymptotically
Though both T1 and T2 are unbiased for asymptotically, asymptotic variance of T1 is lesser
than that of T2 implying that T1 is better estimator of 1/ than T2 .
(f)
Using the following codes in R we get
Code:
x<-rexp(1000,1);summary(x)
The output is
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
0.001265 0.271700 0.746000 1.087000 1.509000 6.689000
Here we observe that sample mean is closer to the original mean value (1 in this case) than
median. .
Class diagrams are used to define the dynamic behavior of an executi.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Class diagrams are used to define the dynamic behavior of an executing system. Provide
rationale.
Solution
System development focuses on three overall different system models.
1.Functional:
These are Use Case diagrams, which describe system functionality from the point of view of
the user.
2.Object:
These are Class Diagrams, which describe the structure of the system in terms of objects,
attributes,
associations, and operations.
3.Dynamic:
Interaction Diagrams, State Machine Diagrams, and Activity Diagrams are used to describe
the internal
behavior of the system.
Rational:
-->Identifiable object-oriented modeling languages began to appear between mid-1970 and the
late 1980s
as various methodologists experimented with different approaches to object-oriented analysis
and design.
-->Software engineers and other experts needed a simplified and consistent way to model
systems,
but new languages were cropping up at a rapid pace.
-->UML itself was developed in late 1994, when the two creators of popular methodologies
teamed up.
-->Grady Booch and Jim Rumbaugh of Rational Software Corporation worked to unify the
Booch and OMT
(Object Modeling Technique) methods, and in 1995, Ivar Jacobson joined their endeavor.
-->Their combined method was known as OOSE Method 1—Object-Oriented Software
Engineering.
-->‘The Three Amigos’ of software engineering as they were known, had evolved other
methodologies.
They teamed up to provide clarity for programmers by creating new standards.
-->The collaboration between Grady, Booch, and Rumbaugh made all three methods stronger
and improved the final product..
Can someone please help me with my ICD 10 II assignment...A 47-yea.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Can someone please help me with my ICD 10 II assignment...
A 47-year-old obese male was admitted with chest pain and difficulty swallowing, resulting in
regurgitation. The patient has a history of coronary artery disease (CAD), but tests ruled out
angina. Based on negative test results and the patient’s history, it was established that the chest
pain was probably related to a heavy meal.
Final diagnoses: (1) Probable gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), (2) CAD, (3) Obesity
Assign the appropriate codes.
Solution
It would be (1) Probable GERD-Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Reason-
-Angina has been ruled out as cause of chest pain after taking into consideration of history of
CAD.
-Since patient is having difficulty swallowing and results in regurgitation.
-Obesity is not the sole reason in such cases always.
-Only best probabalistics cause is GERD.
CAD is a critical technology for an integrated product development p.pdfellanorfelicityri239
CAD is a critical technology for an integrated product development process in a CIM
organization. t or f
Solution
yes its true.
cim ia the higher degree of the automation
it is requries to store the large and critical integrity of data to mrun and mentain the machines
these data wil store by using CAD and other aided techniqes like CAM, CAE and etc..
Byzantine influence can be seen in Russian literature because the Ru.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Byzantine influence can be seen in Russian literature because the Russians allowed only
literature from the Byzantine Empire into the country. Educated Russians read all the Greek
classics. The Russians translated Greek and religious texts into Russian. Russians following the
Eastern Orthodox religion read only religious texts.
Solution
Option (A)
The Byzantine Empire saw its greatest success in the region of Southern Russia. It was only the
byzantine that used Cyril-made an alphabet so that the Russians could read the Bible. Before that
the general population of Russia could not connect to the church ceremonies and rituals but the
change made it easy for the general people to understand the literature..
balance sheet Google Search MC Qu. 122 An example of an operating... .pdfellanorfelicityri239
balance sheet Google Search MC Qu. 122 An example of an operating... An example of an
operating activity is: Multiple Cholce Paying off a loan Borrowing money from a bank Seling
stock Purchasing office equipment 80
Solution
Selling Stock is a operating activity because it is a business function.All other activities are not
operating activities..
Write a 1-2 page essay researching biological science and its famous.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Write a 1-2 page essay researching biological science and its famous female scientists and the
issues they encounter in this area of science including the following:
What is your understanding of biological science? What kind of research goes on in this area of
science and is it as male dominant as other areas of science?
Explore the critical issues faced by female scientists in this area of study and has the situation
changed in the last 50 years?
Solution
Biological Science: it is also termed as Biology, it is study of living organisms such as plants,
animals. Biological science aim to understand at molecular level biochemical level to
organismal and population levels. It include branches like Biochemistry, cell biology,
computational Biology, Biophysics, Development biology, evolution, ecology, microbiology,
Molecular biology etc.,
Beginning in the 1960, when the women movement in 20th century was nearing its peak, woman
compaigned for and finally won equal right in education and employment . Instead of few
woman training to be teacher, nurse, female student in increase in number were now choosing
career in physics, chemistry, maths
Famous female scientists: Some greatest scientist of all the time were females who have made
important discoveries in a variety fields in science. Several of their contributions throughout
history have even surpassed those their male counterparts. List of famous female scientists below
are organized in order of popularity as given below:
1. Marie Curie (1867-1934)
Famous for: Work on radioactivity
Marie Curie was the first woman to won Noble prize and the only woman win this award in two
categories: Physics and Chemistry. She discovered polonium and radium and her work help
creation of X-rays
2. Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012)
Famous for : Nerve growth studies
Rita levi-montalcini was neurobiologist who won noble prize in physiology in 1986 for her
findings in Nerve Growth Factor. She was first Noble laureate to live past her 100th birthday.
3. Lise Meitner ( 1878-1968)
Famous for : Work on Nuclear physics
Lise Meitner was a key member of discoveries of nuclear fission.
4. Maria Mitchell (1818 - 1889)
Famous for : Work on astronomy
She was the very first american woman to become professional astronomer. She discovered a
comet in 1847 that was named as Miss Mitchell Comet.
5. Elizabeth Blackburn (1948)
Famous for : Telomere (present at end of chromosomes)
Elizabeth Black won the noble prize in 2009 for her discovery of telomerase which is enzyme
which replenishes telomere
6. Gertrude B. Elion ( 1918-1919)
Famous for : Development of new drugs
She won joint winner of noble prize in physiology and medicine in 1988 , one of her notable
creations was the development of AIDS drug AZT.
7.Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)
Famous for : Research on DNA, RNA, graphite
She was a X-ray crystallographer and biophysictist whose work greatly contributed to revolved
x-ray diffraction images of DNA. Her worked result in finding DNA.
Why do plants in early stage exhibit high levels of tolerance Early .pdfellanorfelicityri239
Why do plants in early stage exhibit high levels of tolerance? Early plants cannot inhibit the
growth of plants. Early deal with harsh conditions, such as fluctuating temperatures plants a and
thus must other plants. plants have small and light seeds that germinate well under shade. Late
succession species are likely to have speared seeds. large seeds. many seeds. fast growth rate A
mechanism of succession in which the presence of one species increases the probability that a
second species can become established is facilitation tolerance. inhibition priority effect
Inhibition is a mechanism of succession in which the probability that a species can become
established depends on the presence of another the arrival of one species at a site affects the
subsequent colonization of other one species decreases the probability that a second species will
become established. one species increases the probability that a second species will become
established. Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolate is a common invasive species in the eastern United
States. One mechanism that allows it to dominate in some areas is the production of chemicals
that interfere with the ability of other plants to gain nutrients through mutualistic fungi. This
mechanism is an example of tolerance. inhibition. the priority effect. facilitation.
Solution
14. plants in early seral stage show high leel of tolerance because early plant must deal with
harsh conditions as fluctuating temperature. it may be a effect of global warming. as temparature
change can cause molecular changes in the cell.
15. late succession species are also known as climax species. they show fast growth rate. on the
result of ecological homoeostasis they show maximum permitted biodiversity.
16. a process in succession where the presence of one species increases the probablity of second
species is known as faciliation. it can be of two types mutulism where both the species are
benefited, commensalism where one is benifited and other is uneffected.
17. inhibition is a mechanism of succession in which one species decreases the probablity that
the other species will establish. in this mechanism one plant growth prevents the growth of
others..
Which researcher(s) paralyzed subjects using Scoline in a classical .pdfellanorfelicityri239
Which researcher(s) paralyzed subjects using Scoline in a classical conditioning study that
predated modern ethical guidelines for research?
Bramel
Campbell, Sanderson, and Laverty
Donnerstein, Linz, and Penrod
Milgram
Solution
Campbell, Sanderson, and Laverty
paralyzed subjects using Scoline in a classical conditioning study that predated modern ethical
guidelines for research.
Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about Mycobacteriu.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
QUESTION 1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Which of the following statements is NOT accurate
about M. tuberculosis contains mycolic acid in it\'s cell wall. M. tuberculosis is very slow
growing and may take 2-6 weeks to culture visible colonies. M. tuberculosis generally colonizes
the lungs but may spread to other organs M. tuberculosis is the only bacteria known to stain by
the Acid Fast Staining method. QUESTION 2 Which of the following risk factors is NOT
responsible for causing a latent TB infection to become active TB disease? RapidM. tuberculosis
replication and multiplication in the anaerobic granuloma Aging HIV co-infection Poor living
conditions such as malnutrition, bad air quality, and lack of health care
Solution
Mycobacteriym tuberculosis is the causative agent for tuberculosis.
Answer for Question 1
M. tuberculosis is the only bacteria known to stain by Acid Fast Staining method.
Answer for Question 2
Rapid M. tuberculosis replication and multiplication in the anaerobic granuloma
Answer for Question 3:
M. tuberculosis can remain latent and undetected in the Macrophage..
Which of the following is likely to increase the electrical conductiv.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Which of the following is likely to increase the electrical conductivity of Si? Increasing the
temperature Doping with an n-type impurity atom Doping with a p-type impurity atom All of
the above
Solution
answer is d)
a beacause as temperature increases electrons get activated even bad gap is more so electrical
conductivity increase
b because doping with n-type electrons is more in number due which electrical conductivity
increases
c because doping with p-type holes participate in electric current passage.
What is the difference between endogenous and exogenous infections .pdfellanorfelicityri239
What is the difference between endogenous and exogenous infections? What is a protein
allergen?
Solution
Endogenous infections are defined as those infections that are caused by microorganisms that
are already in the body whereas exogenous infections are defined as those which are caused by
microorganisms from the external environment. Usually in endogenous infection, microbes are
already present in the body but in dormant state but are stimulated by some factors, tuberculosis
may be taken as a case. However, in exogenous infection microorganism gain their entry through
respiratory, gastrointestinal, vaginal, urinal or through injury. In case of exogenous infection,
pathogenic bacteria entering the body always cause disease. However, in case of endogenous
infection, some bacteria normally residing in the gut usually don’t cause any infection; however,
if the same bacterium enters the other sterile organ may cause infection there. As an instance, the
residential bacterium E. coli of the GI tract enters the urinary tract. This causes a urinary tract
infection. Sometimes the same type of infection occurs through both the exogenous and
endogenous ways. For example, the exogenous eczema occurs by an external irritant while as
endogenous eczema of which one type is infant eczema occurs by a stimulant already present
within the body. Examples of exogenous infections include Salmonella enterocolitis, Cholera,
Anthrax, Botulism etc. and examples of endogenous infections include tuberculosis etc..
What is a scattergramscatterdotscatterplot (different names for sa.pdfellanorfelicityri239
What is a scattergram/scatterdot/scatterplot (different names for same plot)? What statistic is it
commonly used with?
Solution
What is a scattergram/scatterdot/scatterplot (different names for same plot)? What statistic is it
commonly used with?
A scatterplot is a graphic tool used to display the relationship between two quantitative variables.
A scatterplot is a useful plot of two quantitative variables, usually drawn before working out a
linear correlation coefficient or fitting a regression line.
Correlation coefficient is the statistic , it is commonly used with..
What is structureSolutionStuctureStucture is defined as .pdfellanorfelicityri239
What is structure?
Solution
Stucture:
Stucture is defined as a construction or framework of identifiable elements (components, entities,
factors, members, parts, steps, etc.) which gives form and stability, and resists stresses and
strains. Structures have defined boundaries within which
(1) each element is physically or functionally connected to the other elements, and
(2) the elements themselves and their interrelationships are taken to be either fixed (permanent)
or changing only occasionally or slowly.
Few examples of structures are plane frames, space frames, plane truss, space truss , continuous
beams etc.
To analyse structures we have 2 methods of analysis. They are
1. Stiffness method
2. Force method
If the structure has more degree of indeterminacy we use stiffness method. If the structure has
more degree of freedom but less degree of indeterminacy then we use flexible method..
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How can the Internet be used for competitive advantage in business .pdf
1. How can the Internet be used for competitive advantage in business? Describe three firms which
are using the Internet for conducting business, and speculate as to the underlying technologies
which might be in use in these firms. Will the Internet become an essential business tool like the
telephone or will it go the way of the dinosaurs?
Solution
a) Usage of Internet for Competitive Advantage in Business
At its most fundamental level, competitive advantage is a measure of the value that a firm
is able to create and transfer to its customers. Essentially, a firm can create value for its
customers in one of three ways:
1.By providing their products and/or services at a lower price than its competitors;
2. By differentiating its products and/or services from competitors through the
provision of unique benefits which offset a premium price;
3. Through a combination of both a low price and differentiation strategy which is
focused on a particular market or segment .
Information and networking technologies are creating a new marketing paradigm, this new
paradigm is described as 'one-to-one marketing', where greater emphasis is being placed on
individuality and customisation.
The Internet, as an interactive medium, offers the capability to support the emerging business
ethos more completely than traditional communication media. Empirical surveys show that the
majority of businesses using the Internet have a passive presence, suggesting that strategic
business use of the World Wide Web is still in its infancy.
Information technology will render rivalry between competitors more intense, yet also create
additional opportunities to develop competitive advantage such as ,
i) the creation of new business interrelationships within the value system,
ii) the expansion of industry scope, and
iii) the increased ability to co-ordinate value activities regionally, nationally, and globally.
Porter and Miller suggest that IT will create competitive advantage by providing
companies with new ways to outperform their competitors.
IT can have a powerful effect on the cost structure of a business, can increase opportunities for
differentiation, and can alter a firm's competitive scope.
Examining the impact of the Internet in relation to this proposition, there are a number of
competitive advantages to be realised at each stage of the value system. These include,
2. i) process inputs from suppliers (upstream value),
ii) internal operations (value chain), and
iii) customer relations (downstream value).
b) Firms that use Internet
Travel Industry:
Travel and Tourism is one of the highest revenue-generating sectors of the internet, The rapid
growth of the internet is having an impact on the distribution of travel services and has
heightened speculation about the potential for disintermediation of the travel agent.
Banking Sector:
Nearly 57 percent of the Indian commercial banks are providing transactional Internet banking
services. The univariate analysis indicates that Internet banks are larger banks and have better
operating efficiency ratios and profitability as compared to non-Internet banks. Internet banks
rely more heavily on core deposits for funding than non-Internet banks do.
E-commerce:
Today millions of users access and use the internet for various purposes throughout the day.
They use the internet for searching, browsing, writing & communication, listening, watching
news, videos, publishing copying, printing, discussions, trading and selling etc. The list of
activities and choices that the internet has got to offer to individuals is ever expanding. With
millions of users actively looking for various products, information and services, there is a huge
opportunity for the businesses to jump on to the internet bandwagon and cash in on the business
opportunity that is presenting itself every minute.
c) Internet an Essential Tool
Whether we like it or not, the internet is rapidly becoming a necessary part of life.
If we want to maintain a decent quality of life, attract visitors, encourage businesses to be
established or have citizens move within the Blue Line, it is imperative that everyone has decent
access to this amazing tool.
Electronic Communications:With the introduction of the Internet, we now have the ability to
send and receive messages through electronic mail- virtually instantaneously and without the
need of a postage stamp.
Online Shopping:Rather than having to drive to a mall and wait in long lines to make a purchase,
you can now do all of your shopping with a few clicks of the mouse. In addition, the Internet
made it easier for individuals to price compare between different online retailers to see which
one offers the best selections and prices.
Online Banking: With the Internet, you can avoid the line all together simply by remotely
logging into your bank account on your computer and completing your transaction from there
3. any time of day or night.
The Internet Of Things (IOT): The main advantage of the Internet is its ability to connect billions
of computers and devices to each other. Not only does the Internet create convenience in sharing
and receiving information between users, another advantage of the modern Internet is its ability
for automation.
