UNDP Presentation - Third Inter-Agency Conference on Regional Coordination and Compound Risks in Central Asia, 14 April 2011,
Ben Slay, Senior economist,
UNDP Bureau for Europe and CIS
The fiscal sustainability of long-term care and its impact on health systems ...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Tim Muir, OECD, at the 4th meeting of the Joint DELSA/GOV-SBO Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems, held in Paris on 16-17 February 2015.
Stefan Bouzarovski - Services and vulnerability: approaching domestic energy ...Harriet Thomson
This paper charts the emergent body of new frameworks for the research and amelioration of energy deprivation in the home. It starts from the premise that all forms of energy and fuel poverty - in developed and developing countries alike - are underpinned by a common condition: the inability to attain a socially- and materially-necessitated level of domestic energy services. The functions provided by energy demand in the residential domain are considered in order to advance two claims: First, that domestic energy deprivation in its different guises and forms is fundamentally tied to the ineffective operation of the sociotechnical pathways that allow for the fulfilment of household energy needs, and as such is best understood by unpacking the constitution of different energy services (heating, lighting, etc.) in the home. Second, the paper emphasizes the ability of vulnerability thinking to encapsulate the driving forces of domestic energy deprivation via a comprehensive analytical framework. This leads to an identification of the main components and implications of energy service and vulnerability approaches as they relate to domestic energy deprivation across the world.
Sergio Tirado Herrero - Spaces and politics of energy vulnerability in HungaryHarriet Thomson
This paper explores the embeddedness of energy poverty – understood as the inability to secure a socially- and materially-necessitated level of energy services in the home – in the socio-technical legacies inherited from past development trajectories, as well as broader economic and institutional landscapes. Using Hungary as an example, the paper investigates the recent expansion of energy poverty across different demographic and income groups.
While much of the mainstream literature focuses on cases where energy poverty affects distinct social groups and issues, the focus of this paper the systemic implications of a form of deprivation that is affecting a much wider range of social and spatial strata. It scrutinizes the different ways in which inadequate access to energy services has resulted in the emergence of new political reconfigurations among a variety of actors, while prompting the articulation of household strategies with far-reaching structural consequences.
Gordon Walker - What energy uses matter? Fuel poverty beyond heatingHarriet Thomson
Fuel poverty policy seeks to make the use of energy affordable, particularly for those who are disadvantaged and vulnerable. But what uses of household energy should this policy be concerned with? In the UK energy for heating is readily seen as essential because of the need for people to keep warm and healthy in their homes. Fuel poverty policy does recognise the need for household expenditure on other forms of energy use – for lighting, cooking, water
heating and appliances - but the rationale for seeing these as necessities that should be affordable for all has rarely been articulated. In our work we have examined the grounds on which energy uses can be considered essential for enabling a minimally-decent quality of life, drawing on both theoretical ideas and empirical evidence. This research has implications for the scope of current fuel poverty policy, and its overriding concern with affordable warmth rather than with supporting other outcomes from the use of energy.
Plugging the gap between energy poverty management and the lived experience: ...Leonardo ENERGY
As an introduction we will elaborate on the current policy and activities in the Netherlands and the UK, to show differences and promising examples of new ideas on how to tackle energy poverty. Accordingly, we will articulate a new approach to energy poverty policy, based on bringing insights from a multi-disciplinary understanding of the lived experience of energy poverty into policy design. We argue that understanding the lived experience of energy poverty is critical in designing appropriate policies, which are both effective and aligned with people’s day-to-day lives. In addition, the range of disciplines that examine the lived experience of energy poverty (housing, employment, education, social policy, health, energy etc.) help to give breadth to our understanding of this challenging condition. We propose five principles for policy design, informed by a multi-disciplinary understanding of the lived experience. These principles can be applied at a range of scales (local, regional, national and super-national).
The fiscal sustainability of long-term care and its impact on health systems ...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Tim Muir, OECD, at the 4th meeting of the Joint DELSA/GOV-SBO Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems, held in Paris on 16-17 February 2015.
Stefan Bouzarovski - Services and vulnerability: approaching domestic energy ...Harriet Thomson
This paper charts the emergent body of new frameworks for the research and amelioration of energy deprivation in the home. It starts from the premise that all forms of energy and fuel poverty - in developed and developing countries alike - are underpinned by a common condition: the inability to attain a socially- and materially-necessitated level of domestic energy services. The functions provided by energy demand in the residential domain are considered in order to advance two claims: First, that domestic energy deprivation in its different guises and forms is fundamentally tied to the ineffective operation of the sociotechnical pathways that allow for the fulfilment of household energy needs, and as such is best understood by unpacking the constitution of different energy services (heating, lighting, etc.) in the home. Second, the paper emphasizes the ability of vulnerability thinking to encapsulate the driving forces of domestic energy deprivation via a comprehensive analytical framework. This leads to an identification of the main components and implications of energy service and vulnerability approaches as they relate to domestic energy deprivation across the world.
Sergio Tirado Herrero - Spaces and politics of energy vulnerability in HungaryHarriet Thomson
This paper explores the embeddedness of energy poverty – understood as the inability to secure a socially- and materially-necessitated level of energy services in the home – in the socio-technical legacies inherited from past development trajectories, as well as broader economic and institutional landscapes. Using Hungary as an example, the paper investigates the recent expansion of energy poverty across different demographic and income groups.
While much of the mainstream literature focuses on cases where energy poverty affects distinct social groups and issues, the focus of this paper the systemic implications of a form of deprivation that is affecting a much wider range of social and spatial strata. It scrutinizes the different ways in which inadequate access to energy services has resulted in the emergence of new political reconfigurations among a variety of actors, while prompting the articulation of household strategies with far-reaching structural consequences.
Gordon Walker - What energy uses matter? Fuel poverty beyond heatingHarriet Thomson
Fuel poverty policy seeks to make the use of energy affordable, particularly for those who are disadvantaged and vulnerable. But what uses of household energy should this policy be concerned with? In the UK energy for heating is readily seen as essential because of the need for people to keep warm and healthy in their homes. Fuel poverty policy does recognise the need for household expenditure on other forms of energy use – for lighting, cooking, water
heating and appliances - but the rationale for seeing these as necessities that should be affordable for all has rarely been articulated. In our work we have examined the grounds on which energy uses can be considered essential for enabling a minimally-decent quality of life, drawing on both theoretical ideas and empirical evidence. This research has implications for the scope of current fuel poverty policy, and its overriding concern with affordable warmth rather than with supporting other outcomes from the use of energy.
Plugging the gap between energy poverty management and the lived experience: ...Leonardo ENERGY
As an introduction we will elaborate on the current policy and activities in the Netherlands and the UK, to show differences and promising examples of new ideas on how to tackle energy poverty. Accordingly, we will articulate a new approach to energy poverty policy, based on bringing insights from a multi-disciplinary understanding of the lived experience of energy poverty into policy design. We argue that understanding the lived experience of energy poverty is critical in designing appropriate policies, which are both effective and aligned with people’s day-to-day lives. In addition, the range of disciplines that examine the lived experience of energy poverty (housing, employment, education, social policy, health, energy etc.) help to give breadth to our understanding of this challenging condition. We propose five principles for policy design, informed by a multi-disciplinary understanding of the lived experience. These principles can be applied at a range of scales (local, regional, national and super-national).
Paying the Price of Death: the challenges for British state funeral policy
Liam Foster, University of Sheffield, and Kate Woodthorpe, University of Bath
As part of a joint learning network on integrated housing, care and health, The King's Fund and the National Housing Federation have produced a set of slides illustrating the connections between housing, social care, health and wellbeing.
We hope they will be a useful resource for you – please feel free to use them in your office, in documents or presentations.
At IRRV Scotland Conference 2018 in Crieff Deven Ghelani, Founder and Director of Policy in Practice, was invited to speak about analysis and policy updates on Universal Credit.
In his presentation Deven talked about the Social Security Act in Scotland and Universal Credit, covering how different demographic groups are likely to be impacted. He highlighted analysis that Scottish local authorities can do with the household level data they collect on their local income households and gave examples of how other local authorities use this data to identify, target and track vulnerability.
For further details please contact hello@policyinpractice.co.uk or visit www.policyinpractice.co.uk.
Keynote speech from Andrew Dilnot, Chair of the Commission on Funding of Care and Support - 'Searching for Social Care Solutions'
Find out more at http://www.ageuk.org.uk/conferences
Should we forget about ‘the older consumer’? An expert roundtable on market s...ILC- UK
In an ageing society, understanding and engaging with ‘the older consumer’ is of pressing interest for businesses who want to realise the potential of the market. But it is not an easy market to understand or describe.
A key issue to be addressed by marketers is to avoid a homogenisation of older people. The diversity of consumer spending of this group is often lost in ageist perceptions of ‘what older people want’. Despite this however, it remains to be seen if the commonalities of ageing – such as wealth depletion and physiological changes – nudge older people to gravitate to a norm.
In Dec 2010, ILC-UK and the Personal Finance Resource Centre (PFRC) at the University of Bristol published a report which explored what and how older people spent their income (Consumption Patterns Among Older Consumers). The evidence from this report fed into the ILC-UK report for Age UK on older consumers (The Golden Economy).
ILC-UK and PFRC have teamed up again to further explore issues around consumption and old age, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council Secondary Data Analysis Initiative. At this seminar we presented new evidence which explores patterns of expenditure among older people and considers what explains these.
During the seminar we:
Considered how our spending varies as we age, including setting out average and overall spending by age group;
Segmented older households based on their patterns of expenditure;
Considered the validity of a single ‘older consumer’ model.
Presentation slides from the ILC-UK 'What is retirmeent really like?' launch event on the 1st December 2015.
Building on ILC-UK’s extensive work on older consumers and on retirement income, this major research report assesses the differences between theory or popular belief about retirement and the reality of it.
The report considers how spending varies during old age and challenges pre-existing stereotypes about retired life which can be misleading and may contribute to poor planning or unrealistic expectations. This report, which incorporates new quantitative analysis and the feedback from 3 expert focus groups, will explore the role for policymakers and industry in helping us retire well.
Albert Park: Economic consequences of demographic changes in emerging marketsHKUST IEMS
Two leading experts—Prof. Albert Park of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and Prof. Jack Goldstone of George Mason University—examined the political and economic ramifications of the population challenges facing emerging markets such as China, India, Brazil, and North Africa.
Learn more about the event at http://iems.ust.hk/events/event/political-economic-consequences-demographic-change-emerging-markets-hkust-iems-ey-hong-kong-emerging-market-insights-series/
This was the final event in the Population Patterns Seminar Series which explored the “silver separators”- divorce later in life.
Figures from the Office for National Statistics published in 2012 showed a huge rise in the divorce rate amongst those in their 60s, with an increase of 58% on the 2011 figure. The last 10 years have seen more and more older people part ways, despite divorce amongst the general population becoming less common. This has happened to such an extent that the over 60’s are now the fastest growing divorce group in the UK.
A variety of reasons have been suggested, including a reduction in the stigma surrounding divorce and couples no longer feeling obliged to stay together if their attitudes and needs change.
However, figures released by the ONS in June 2012 revealed that marriages involving older people were also rising faster than for other age groups – up by 21% for women and by 25% for men in their late sixties. Re-partnership is likely to be even higher than these figures suggest, as older people in a new relationship may not choose to remarry.
During the event the discussion explored a number of themes, including:
What factors have contributed to the rising rate of divorce amongst the over 60s?
How can older people’s relationships be better supported?
What challenges does ageing present to relationships?
How do care responsibilities effect relationships?
What are the potential ramifications of older couples separating?
27Mar14 - Community Matters Semiar Series - At Home - ppt presentation ILC- UK
The slides from the second in a series of three seminars from ILC-UK and Age UK on Community Matters - are our communities ready for ageing?
Full details here: http://www.ilcuk.org.uk/index.php/events/community_matters_are_our_communities_ready_for_ageing._at_home
Paying the Price of Death: the challenges for British state funeral policy
Liam Foster, University of Sheffield, and Kate Woodthorpe, University of Bath
As part of a joint learning network on integrated housing, care and health, The King's Fund and the National Housing Federation have produced a set of slides illustrating the connections between housing, social care, health and wellbeing.
We hope they will be a useful resource for you – please feel free to use them in your office, in documents or presentations.
At IRRV Scotland Conference 2018 in Crieff Deven Ghelani, Founder and Director of Policy in Practice, was invited to speak about analysis and policy updates on Universal Credit.
In his presentation Deven talked about the Social Security Act in Scotland and Universal Credit, covering how different demographic groups are likely to be impacted. He highlighted analysis that Scottish local authorities can do with the household level data they collect on their local income households and gave examples of how other local authorities use this data to identify, target and track vulnerability.
For further details please contact hello@policyinpractice.co.uk or visit www.policyinpractice.co.uk.
Keynote speech from Andrew Dilnot, Chair of the Commission on Funding of Care and Support - 'Searching for Social Care Solutions'
Find out more at http://www.ageuk.org.uk/conferences
Should we forget about ‘the older consumer’? An expert roundtable on market s...ILC- UK
In an ageing society, understanding and engaging with ‘the older consumer’ is of pressing interest for businesses who want to realise the potential of the market. But it is not an easy market to understand or describe.
A key issue to be addressed by marketers is to avoid a homogenisation of older people. The diversity of consumer spending of this group is often lost in ageist perceptions of ‘what older people want’. Despite this however, it remains to be seen if the commonalities of ageing – such as wealth depletion and physiological changes – nudge older people to gravitate to a norm.
In Dec 2010, ILC-UK and the Personal Finance Resource Centre (PFRC) at the University of Bristol published a report which explored what and how older people spent their income (Consumption Patterns Among Older Consumers). The evidence from this report fed into the ILC-UK report for Age UK on older consumers (The Golden Economy).
ILC-UK and PFRC have teamed up again to further explore issues around consumption and old age, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council Secondary Data Analysis Initiative. At this seminar we presented new evidence which explores patterns of expenditure among older people and considers what explains these.
During the seminar we:
Considered how our spending varies as we age, including setting out average and overall spending by age group;
Segmented older households based on their patterns of expenditure;
Considered the validity of a single ‘older consumer’ model.
Presentation slides from the ILC-UK 'What is retirmeent really like?' launch event on the 1st December 2015.
Building on ILC-UK’s extensive work on older consumers and on retirement income, this major research report assesses the differences between theory or popular belief about retirement and the reality of it.
The report considers how spending varies during old age and challenges pre-existing stereotypes about retired life which can be misleading and may contribute to poor planning or unrealistic expectations. This report, which incorporates new quantitative analysis and the feedback from 3 expert focus groups, will explore the role for policymakers and industry in helping us retire well.
Albert Park: Economic consequences of demographic changes in emerging marketsHKUST IEMS
Two leading experts—Prof. Albert Park of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and Prof. Jack Goldstone of George Mason University—examined the political and economic ramifications of the population challenges facing emerging markets such as China, India, Brazil, and North Africa.
Learn more about the event at http://iems.ust.hk/events/event/political-economic-consequences-demographic-change-emerging-markets-hkust-iems-ey-hong-kong-emerging-market-insights-series/
This was the final event in the Population Patterns Seminar Series which explored the “silver separators”- divorce later in life.
Figures from the Office for National Statistics published in 2012 showed a huge rise in the divorce rate amongst those in their 60s, with an increase of 58% on the 2011 figure. The last 10 years have seen more and more older people part ways, despite divorce amongst the general population becoming less common. This has happened to such an extent that the over 60’s are now the fastest growing divorce group in the UK.
A variety of reasons have been suggested, including a reduction in the stigma surrounding divorce and couples no longer feeling obliged to stay together if their attitudes and needs change.
However, figures released by the ONS in June 2012 revealed that marriages involving older people were also rising faster than for other age groups – up by 21% for women and by 25% for men in their late sixties. Re-partnership is likely to be even higher than these figures suggest, as older people in a new relationship may not choose to remarry.
During the event the discussion explored a number of themes, including:
What factors have contributed to the rising rate of divorce amongst the over 60s?
How can older people’s relationships be better supported?
What challenges does ageing present to relationships?
How do care responsibilities effect relationships?
What are the potential ramifications of older couples separating?
27Mar14 - Community Matters Semiar Series - At Home - ppt presentation ILC- UK
The slides from the second in a series of three seminars from ILC-UK and Age UK on Community Matters - are our communities ready for ageing?
Full details here: http://www.ilcuk.org.uk/index.php/events/community_matters_are_our_communities_ready_for_ageing._at_home
Glacier changes and related high mountain hazards in Tajikistan. Presented by Martin Mergili at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.
Tajikistan presentation is sharing by Oyat from Garm city Rasht dc, Tajikistan. Hope you enjoy from watching and it is my pleasure to download it and share is to vary people arounf the world. Show how is Tajik culture and rituals and who is Tajik, where is Tajikistan.
This ppt brought up to you by Oyat from Garm city. Hope you are gonna have savor-able time looking in. Dont hesitate from downloading and spreading it.
Tajikistan officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a mountainous landloked country in Center Asia. Afganistan borders to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and People's Republic of China to the east. Tajikistan also lies adjacent to Pakistan but is separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Most of Tajikistan's population belongs to the Tajik ethnic group, who share culture and history with the Iranian peoples and speak the Persian language.
Measurement of energy poverty in the Colombian Caribbean region: a comparativ...IJECEIAES
This research work is directed to analyze the level of energy poverty and its consequences on the quality of life of the population of the Colombian Caribbean region, by doing a comparison of the results obtained in that area with data regarding the population of Bogotá, capital of Colombia, and of the rest of the country. The method of meeting absolute energy needs was used to determine the energy poverty index at households (EPH). Results obtained indicate that EPH exceeds 60% in urban areas, and 96% in rural zones, where it was also evidenced a clear link between energy poverty and school dropout.
Energy in Scotland - Consumer PerspectivesIpsos UK
Hot on the heels of the launch of the Scottish Government’s Energy Consumer Action Plan, we reflect on what we have learned over the last few years about Scottish consumers’ experiences, attitudes and behaviours in respect of energy – including in relation to affordability, switching, home energy efficiency and support services for the vulnerable – and challenges the Government may face in delivering its vision for consumers.
U.S. Department of State, Office of International Information Programs Confer...Alliance To Save Energy
In his presentation, Castelli addresses The Role of Energy Efficiency in Energy Security and Climate Change. Taking into consideration the global energy concerns and the increasinly volatile geopolitical landscape, there is a great need to improve energy intensity across the world. Energy efficiency - which is at the nexus of economic objectives, energy security & foreign policy objectives, and environmental objectives - offers a great opportunity to achieve this. Castelli discussed the roles that the public and private sectors must play to sieze this potential in Russia and former Soviet Union countries. In this area of the world, he said, energy efficiency can significantly reduce consumer energy consumption, particularly in home heating.
Graham Beattie (co-authors Iza Ding (Pittsburgh) and Andrea La Nauze (Queensland)
Abstract
We provide evidence of an energy-efficiency gap in China. Using an incentivized field experiment, we document that providing information to consumers on the energy costs of lightbulbs significantly affects their willingness to pay for energy-efficient bulbs. Unlike previous literature, we do not find evidence that this gap is driven by biased beliefs and our experimental design allows us to rule out that changes in willingness to pay are driven purely by the salience of energy or environmental costs of lightbulbs. Rather, the results are consistent with consumers being risk averse and uncertain about the benefits of more energy-efficient appliances.
Sustainable Economics for Sustainable Communities – from the macro to the microRosalie Day
Simon O’Connor, Economic Adviser with the Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF) was the speaker at a public meeting presented by Sustainable Communities on at 8pm on Thursday 27 May 2010 at Payneham Community Centre, Payneham Road, Payneham. The topic Sustainable Economics for Sustainable Communities – from the macro to the micro reflects the work he has been doing for an economic policy to be published by the ACF titled Better than Growth.
Before we kick-off a new line-up of insightful studies and conversations on energy this 2021, we take a snapshot of the previous working papers which were featured last year.
These studies were produced under the Access to Sustainable Energy Programme-Clean Energy Living Laboratories (ASEP-CELLs) project implemented by the Ateneo School of Government (ASOG), and funded by the European Union.
To receive updates on our latest events and publications, please subscribe to our mailing list through this link: http://bit.ly/ASEPCELLsMailingList
Presentation by Leire Gorroño-Albizu, PhD Fellow, Sustainable Energy Planning Research Group, Aalborg University at the World Wind Energy Association webinar, 30 April 2020
Analysis of Households’ Electricity Consumption with Ordered Logit Models: Ex...inventionjournals
Percentage of households’ electricity demand in total energy demand of households is increasing day by day. However, households’ electricity consumption fails to provide the added value to Gross National Product unlike industry sector. Therefore, the factors that increase the energy consumption of households should be analyzed and in this respect, required energy saving policies should be generated. In this paper, the ordered logit models examined the variables affecting the electricity consumption of households in Turkey. According to goodness of fit indicators, Partial Proportional Odds Model was determined as the best model that fits into our dataset. The results obtained from model show that electrically powered items and their quantities, household size, income, housing type and properties are important factors that increase households’ electricity consumption.
This paper seeks to disaggregate concerns about energy security within the wider European neighborhood from the nation-state to the household, and particularly to poor households in the transition and developing economies of the former Soviet Union. It argues that two decades of under-investment in Soviet-era energy, water, and communal service infrastructures threaten significant reductions in access to these services in the poorer countries of this region, particularly Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. These problems are manifesting themselves both in terms of growing physical restrictions on access to energy, water, and communal service networks in these countries, and in terms of rapid growth in tariffs for these services which could price some vulnerable households "out of the market". The paper also suggests that these problems are apparent to various degrees in a number of other former Soviet republics, and that the impact of the global economic crisis is likely to exacerbate these problems. By calling attention to growing household vulnerability to energy and water insecurities, particularly in Central Asia, the paper seeks to bring an economic development perspective to bear on energy policy debates in the wider European region.
Authored by: Ben Slay
Published in 2009
Lexington Kentucky celebrated solar energy on Oct. 8th with several activities, one of which was presentations. This power point was used to talk about the current energy landscape, basics of energy efficiency, and the How$martKY Program. To learn more about How$martKY go to www.maced.org and click on the How$mart tab at the top. Or feel free to contact me with any questions at rachel@maced.org.
Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Europe and Central Asiaatlanticcouncil
Presentation from the 2013 Atlantic Council Energy & Economic Summit expanded ministerial meeting. Presented by Marina Olshanskaya, UNDP-GEF Regional Technical Advisor, United Nations Development Programme.
Providing electricity to the unconnected 1.1 billion people in developing countries is one of the top political priorities of the international community, yet the costs of reaching this objective are very high. The present paper examines whether the objective and the associated costs are justified by the value that target beneficiaries assign to electricity. We provide experimental evidence on the revealed willingness-to-pay (WTP) for three types of off-grid solar electricity devices. Our findings show that households are willing to dedicate a substantial part of their expenditures to electricity. In absolute terms, though, the WTP does not suffice to reach cost-covering prices. Different payment schemes, which we randomized across our sample, do not alter the WTP significantly. If universal electricity access is to be achieved, direct subsidies might be necessary. We argue that from a public policy perspective it is more rationale to promote off-grid solar than grid-based electrification because of its better cost-benefit performance.
Developing Climate Resilient Flood and Flash Flood Management Practices to Protect Vulnerable Communities of Georgia - The Role of Risk Modelling in the Development of Flood Insurance Model in Georgia
Welcome to the Program Your Destiny course. In this course, we will be learning the technology of personal transformation, neuroassociative conditioning (NAC) as pioneered by Tony Robbins. NAC is used to deprogram negative neuroassociations that are causing approach avoidance and instead reprogram yourself with positive neuroassociations that lead to being approach automatic. In doing so, you change your destiny, moving towards unlocking the hypersocial self within, the true self free from fear and operating from a place of personal power and love.
Collocation thường gặp trong đề thi THPT Quốc gia.pdf
Household energy, water vulnerability in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan: What we have learned?
1. Household energy, water vulnerability in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan: What have we learned? Ben Slay Senior economist UNDP Bureau for Europe and CIS Third Inter-Agency Conference on Regional Coordination and Compound Risks in Central Asia 14 April 2011
2. Presentation overview Focus on Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan Two key questions: “After the winter”: Is the glass half full, or half empty? “Perfect storm”? “Gradual improvement”? Role of donors/international community? “Policy advising feast versus implementation capacity famine”? Focusing on what works, scaling up Provide some answers from: Yesterday’s preliminary event New research results Possible future directions
3. From “slow onset crisis” to . . . “Perfect storm”? Weak economies Poor infrastructure Poor energy, communal, public service delivery Resistance to higher tariffs Ineffective social protection Corruption governance issues Socio-political crisis (Kyrgyzstan 2010) Or signs of hope? We survived the winter: because it was mild?
4. Energy consumption: Some improvement in 2010 Kyrgyzstan (2007 = 100) Sources: State statistical agencies, UNDP calculations.
5. Household energy, communal services inflation rates: High, but falling Tajikistan: Annual average inflation rates. Kyrgyzstan: Annual average inflation rates.
6. Other signs of hope Kyrgyzstan: Big improvements in water levels in Toktogul HPP Collection rates in electricity sector have improved Fuel and Energy Sector Transparency Initiative Better energy sector regulation, corporate governance Civic engagement Tajikistan: New generation capacity (Sangtuda 1) New transmission capacity (South-North high tension line)
7. Poverty and household access to energy: New data and data issues New official household survey data are available for Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan UNDP poverty and social impact assessments On energy, communal service sectors in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan Available on conference website But: Survey data do not always correspond to production and sales data provided by energy companies Survey data on household expenditures do not always agree with national income accounting data on consumption expenditure Survey data not always internally consistent Major survey data gaps on household access to communal services remain
8. 8 Link between grid connections, electricity supplies is broken in Tajikistan . . . Average monthly household electricity consumption (kWh) Share of households using electricity Source: State Statistical Agency
9. . . . And in Kyrgyzstan Shares of households reporting electricity cut-offs
11. Kyrgyzstan: Share of energy in household spending seems low . . . What revolution??
12. 12 . . . While in Tajikistan, it seems very (too) high? Share of household expenditures devoted to energy, 2009 data. Source: State Statistical Agency.
13. What do people heat with? In Kyrgyzstan—electricity and coal (especially the poor) Shares of household energy spending on energy sources (2009) Source: National Statistical Committee
14. 14 In Tajikistan: Much greater reliance on firewood (and dung) Source: State Statistical Agency
15. Energy, water, and social policy Two key questions: Can social policy mitigate household energy and water insecurities? Is social policy become better targeted? Answers: No, and no Household energy insecurity can be reduced by: Off-grid small hydro, other decentralized renewables Energy efficiency Household water insecurity can be reduced by: Reforms of communal services, local governance Rural water, infrastructure projects financed by central, local government budgets, donors
16. What is to be done? Two key questions for the international community What does this research tell us? “Policy advising feast with an implementation capacity famine?” or “Let’s identify what works and scale it up”?
17. What does this research tell us? Evidentiary basis for understanding household energy vulnerability much better . . . . . . But there are still many open questions: Are the shares of household expenditures devoted to energy correct? Support for national statistical offices? Independent surveys, based on comparable methodologies? Willingness to pay? What are the implications of different composition of energy use? Tajikistan: sustainable forestry? Kyrgyzstan: social, environmental implications of coal?
18. Emerging lessons from Tajikistan’s experience with small hydro Key obstacles: Low electricity tariffs Weak national capacity for construction, maintenance of small hydro facilities Regulatory/legal lacunae Why should Barqi Tojik buy expensive, risky electricity from small hydropower plants? But—progress has been made: Legal framework for feed-in-tariffs now in place Trust fund for renewable energy can play “market maker role”