Homogeneous catalysis involves reactants and catalysts existing in the same phase or state. Three examples of homogeneous catalysis are provided: 1) Hydroformylation reactions add carbon monoxide and hydrogen to alkenes to form aldehydes. 2) The Monsanto process synthesizes acetic acid from methanol and carbon monoxide using a rhodium catalyst. 3) Wilkinson's catalyst, a rhodium complex, facilitates the hydrogenation of alkenes to form alkanes.

1. HOMOGENEOUS
CATALYSIS
BOBBY SOLANKI

2. HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS:
The catalyst get dissolved in the reaction mixture and form
homogeneous mixture . It means state of reactant and
catalyst are same.
1. Hydroformylation reaction
2. Monsanto acetic acid synthesis
3. Hydrogenation of alkene by Wilkinson’s catalyst

3. HYDROFORMYLATION REACTION (OXO-
PROCESS):
• This is the catalytic conversion of alkenes to aldehyde with CO and
H2 is known as hydroformylation reaction.
• It involves the addition of –CHO group and H atom to C=C bond.
Reaction:-
CH3CH2CH2=CH2 +H2 +CO CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO
catalyst

4. MECHANISM:-

6. MONSANTO ACETIC ACID SYNTHESIS:
• In this reaction we prepare acetic acid by methanol and carbon monoxide in the
presence of rhodium complex.
CH3OH + CO CH3COOH
• First methanol is react with hydroiodic acid and form methyl iodide and water.
CH3OH + HI CH3I + H2O
[RhI2(CO)2]-

7. • Them methyl iodide reacts with catalyst and the final product is formed after catalytic
cycle acetyl iodide. Which is hydrolyzed by water to give acetic acid and hydroiodide.
CH3COI + H2O CH3COOH + HI

8. HYDROGENATION OF ALKENE BY
WILKINSON’S CATALYST:
• In this reaction hydrogenation of alkene takes place by Wilkinson’s catalyst to
give alkane.
Reaction:-
CH3CH=CH2 CH3CH2CH3
RhCl(PPh3)3

9. + H2
ClRh(PPh3)3
H C C C
H H
H H
H
H
H
(Oxidative addition)
(Ligand dissociation)
(Co-ordination of olefin)
(1,2-insertation,
Rate determining
step)
Reduction
elimination