This document provides a study guide for an exam on the Renaissance and religious reform. It includes definitions of key terms from the Renaissance, Reformation, and Counter-Reformation. It lists important figures and their contributions, such as Luther, Calvin, Ignatius of Loyola, and Teresa of Avila. The guide also outlines topics students need to understand, like the spread of the Reformation across Europe and decisions of the Council of Trent. Several activities are provided to help students learn, like matching artworks to the appropriate time period and comparing beliefs of different Christian denominations.

1. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
UNIT 5. RENAISSANCE AND REFORM.
KEYS FOR THE EXAM (you have to know…):
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Basic vocabulary.
- Define:
• Renaissance.
• Humanism.
• Indulgences.
• Inquisition.
• Heretic.
• Auto de Fé.
• Perspective.
• Canon.
Renaissance.
- Point the centuries to the Modern Age belongs and lists its features.
- Identifies Italy as the origin of the Renaissance.
- List the features of Humanism.
- List the features of the ideal Renaissance man.
- Values the importance of Printing invent and universities.
- Know who were Erasmus of Rotterdam and Maquiavelo.
Reformation and Counter Reformation.
- List the causes of the religious Reformation.
- Lists the mains religious reformers of the sixteenth century (Lutero,
Calvino...).
- Compare in a table doctrine of reform and Catholicism.
- Point in a map the countries where the religious Reformation spreaded
on.
- Resume in a diagram the 3 characteristics of the Counter Reformation.
- Name some of the decisions taken in the Council of Trent.
- Know the main missionaries (St. Ignatius of Loyola and St. Teresa of
Jesus).
The Renaissance art.
- Point in an artwork its Greco-Roman features.
- Recognize an arch, a fronton, the perspective ...
- Recognizes the anthropocentric elements in a work of art.
- Recognize the main artworks of the Quattrocento and Cinquecento.

2. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
ACTIVITIES: THE RENAISSANCE.
1. Define:
a) Modern Age:
b) Renaissance:
“Que sepa no sólo la lengua latina, sino también la griega… que este versado en los
poetas, oradores e historiadores y diestro en escribir en prosa y en verso, sobre todo
en nuestra lengua vulgar (lenguas derivadas del latín: francés, español, italiano…).
No estaré satisfecho de nuestro caballero si no es músico y además de la capacidad
de leer su partitura en el libro, no sabe tocar diversos instrumentos. Hay todavía una
cosa que nuestro caballero no debe abandonar: el talento de dibujar y el conocimiento
de la pintura.
Quiero que nuestro cortesano sea un perfecto caballero en todos los aspectos.”
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c) Humanism:
d) Patrons (Mecenas):
2. Make the definitions that seems most appropriate:
Humanism is a …
…Scientific movement dedicated to study the human body.
…Artistic movement that painted, mainly, portraits of people.
…Cultural movement that exalted human.
Renaissance is a
cultural movement
that…
…Recovers the interest in old books.
…Recovers the interest in the Greek and Latin classics.
… Collects the lost medieval culture.
3. Describe the Renaissance gentleman´s virtues according to the text.
4. Read the text and answer the questions.
a) Search information about Erasmus of Rotterdam.
b) What does he means by “You must cast it to become a real man”?
c) What features of Humanism can you see in this text?
d) How important was education for Humanism? Why?
e) Do you think this scale of values is still essential? What is your scale
of values?
5. How important were the universities and the press invention in the
development of Humanism?
Baltasar de Castiglione. “El cortesano”. (1528).
“Es la posesión de la razón la que hace al hombre. Si los árboles y las bestias salvajes
crecen, los hombres se moldean. Los que antiguamente vivían en bosques, guiados por
necesidades y deseos naturales, no dirigidos por leyes, eran más bestias salvajes que
hombres. El que no permite que su hijo sea instruido no es hombre ni hijo de hombre. La
naturaleza, al daros un hijo, os presenta una criatura ruda a la que debéis moldear para
que se convierta en un hombre de verdad. Si este moldeado se descuida, seguiréis
teniendo un animal. Si se realiza seria y sabiamente tendréis un ser semejante a dios.”
Erasmo de Rótterdam (1529).

3. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
ACTIVITIES: RELIGIOUS REFORMATION.
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[WARNING: There are two pages]
1. Why were people disgusted with the Catholic Church at the
beginning of the Modern Age? What are the indulgences?
2. Complete or draw it the map below according to legend. [You can help
with the book]
a) Fill in the blanks with the reformers or the city of Trento.
b) Main renovators of Catholicism were Spanish, as St. Teresa of Ávila
and S. Ignatius of Loyola. Write these names in their boxes.
3. Complete the tables below [You have to search some ideas].
Lutherans Calvinists Anglican Catholics
• Germany
• Scotland
• Spain
• Ireland
• England
• Poland
• Switzerland
• The Netherlands
• Denmark
• France.
• Austria
• Norway and Sweeden
Lutherans Calvinists Catholics
How to save the soul after death?
Who should read and interpret the Bible?
How many sacraments are accepted? Which ones?
Do they believe in Virgin and saints?
Who made this reform?

4. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
ACTIVITIES: THE CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION.
1. Define:
a) Inquisition:
b) Auto de Fe:
c) Council of Trent:
d) Heretic:
e) Celibacy:
f) Vulgate:
2. Complete the diagram below:
3. Read the text and answer the questions.
“If anyone defends that the impious is saved by only faith, should be condemned.
Nobody, guided by his or her own judgment, have the audacity to interpret himself the
sacred scriptures.
In the sacrament of the Eucharist, after the consecration of the bread and wine, our
Lord Jesus Christ is present.
Behaviour´s bishops (obispos) must be irreproachable and are required each year to
visit all the churches in his diocese.”
Decrees of the Council of Trent (adaptation).
a) Summarizes the ideas set out in the Council of Trent to combat
Protestantism and reforming the conduct of the clergy.
b) Find the definition of impious, eucharist, diocese ...
4. Search information about Ignatius of Loyola.
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To do this, you can use any encyclopaedia, or search on Google, or ask
someone for help...

5. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
ACTIVITIES: RENAISSANCE ART.
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[WARNING: There are two pages]
1. Define:
a) Perspective:
b) Vanishing Point [Punto de fuga]:
c) Canon:
d) Sfumato [We have to search it]:
e) Anthropocentrism:
2. Look at these three pictures and responds:
a) What elements of the Greco-Roman art show each one? (Materials,
topics, decorations...)
b) How anthropocentrism is reflected in each?
c) Where is the vanishing point in painting and architecture?
d) What is the role of architecture in the painting?
3. Find the name and classifies the artworks on the next page:
Quatroccento Cinquecento European Ranaissance
• San Pietro in
Montorio (Alberti)
• Nacimiento de Venus
(Boticelli)
• Cúpula del Vaticano
(Miguel Ángel)
• La Piedad (Miguel Ángel)
• Moises (Miguel Ángel)
• La Gioconda (Leonardo Da
Vinci)
• La última Cena (Leonardo
Da Vinci)
• La Capilla Sixtina y Juicio
Final (Miguel Ángel)
• La escuela de Atenas
(Rafael)
• Matrimonio Arnolfini (Van
Eyck)

6. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
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7. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
“You must know there are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force;
the first method is of men, the second of beasts; but because the first is frequently
not sufficient, one must have recourse to the second. Therefore it is necessary for a
prince to understand how to use the methods of the beast and the man…
Therefore it is unnecessary for a prince to have all the good qualities I have
enumerated, but it is very necessary to appear to have them. To appear merciful,
faithful, humane, religious, upright, and to be so, but with a mind so framed that should
you require not to be so, you may be able and know how to change to the opposite.”
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REVIEW ACTIVITIES.
1. Make a chronological axis with the following events:
- Birth of Luther (1483).
- Luther's 95 Theses (1517).
- Excommunication of Luther (1521).
- Diet Worms (1521).
- Diet of Augsburg (1530).
- Death of Luther (1546).
- Zwingli began preaching in Zurich (1522).
- Death of Zwingli (1531).
- Born Calvin (1509).
- Calvin begins to preach in Geneva (1536).
- Death of Calvin (1564).
- Smalcald War (1529).
- Battle of Mülhberg (1547).
- Diet of Augsburg (1547).
- Victoria of Protestants (1552).
- Peace of Augsburg (1555).
- Anglicanism in England (1534).
2. Read the text and answer the questions.
Niccolo Machiavelli. "The Prince" (1513).
a) According to Machiavelli, how a prince should act? Do you agree with
these ideas?
b) Do you think that a ruler should always guide their performance
adhering to moral principles? Why?
3. Fill in the following scheme:
Humanismo
Se caracteriza por:
Nuevo ideal del hombre
Consiste en:
4. Choose a work of Renaissance art, search it and make a PowerPoint
presentation where you explain in depth. [This exercise is voluntary]

8. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
“It is just faith, without any help of the good works, which confers
justice, freedom, happiness. If you have faith, you will save, if you do
not have faith, you will not be saved. Because of this faith, all your sins
(Pecados) will be forgiven.”
Martin Luther. "On Freedom of a Christian " (adaptation). 1520.
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EXTENSION ACTIVITIES.
1. We will read to Luther:
2. Observe the picture of Lucas Cranach entitled "the true and the
false church" and answer the questions:
a) Which church is represented on the left?
b) What church practices are shown as reprehensible?
c) What are the two sacraments recognized by the author?
d) What religion must be the author of the picture?