This document provides a study guide for a geography exam on earth's layers, tectonic plates, types of landforms, and world reliefs. It lists key concepts students need to know, such as the characteristics of the earth's layers and definitions of landforms. It also provides review activities like labeling maps of continental reliefs, oceans, and drawing graphics to compare land and ocean sizes. The goal is to test students' understanding of earth science topics for the exam.

1. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
UNIT 2. THE RELIEF.
KEYS FOR THE EXAM (you have to know…):
- Know the basic characteristics (Thikness, material state) of each layer
of the interior of the Earth.
- Define Pangea.
Define Plate Tectonics.
Define Volcano.
Define Earthquake.
Define Hypocentre.
Define each form of relief (plateau, plain…).
- Explain, in his words, the theory of continental drift and plate tectonics.
Explain, in his words, as acts each of the relief agents.
Explain, in his words, as each kind of relief influences humans.
Explain, in his own words, the geological History of Spain and Andalusia.
- Recognize in a picture and draw each layer of the interior of the Earth:
Cortex (Corteza), Mantex (Manto) and core (Núcleo).
Recognize and identify in a photo the different kinds of relief
(Mountain, plateau, plain, peninsula…)
Recognize in a photo the action of the agents of the relief.
- Locate on a map the continents and oceans.
Locate on a map the main reliefs of Spain, Europe and the world,
respectively.
José Carlos Núñez Vidal Página1

2. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
ACTIVITIES: THE LAYERS OF THE EARTH.
1. Colour each of the layers of the Earth. Then fill in the legend of
the right. Finally, answer the questions.
a) What is the thicker layer?
b) What is the main component of the core?
c) Do the rocks beneath seas and oceans form part of the cortex?
d) What is the main characteristic that identifies each of theses
layers? Define Each.
2. Complete, in your notebook, the table Below:
[Look for the information in the textbook]
Depth Material ¿Is it solid or liquid? Thickness
Cortex
Mantex
Core
3. Define the following concepts:
a) Pangea:
b) Plate Tectonics:
c) Oceanic crust:
d) Continental cortex:
4. Complete the map below.
[You can help yourself with the map on the textbook]
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3. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
5. Explain, in your own words, the theory of continental drift.
ACTIVITIES: THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEF.
1. Complete, in your notebook, the diagram below:
2. Define:
a) Relief:
b) Hypocentre:
c) Epicentre:
d) Volcano:
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e) Earthquake:
f) Lava:
g) Delta:
h) Gulf:
3. What happens to the relief with each of the following elements:
a) Water:
b) Wind:
c) Vegetation:
d) Human Beings:

4. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
ACTIVITIES: FORMS OF RELIEF.
1. What means forms of Relief?
2. Define these forms of Continental Relief:
a) Mountain:
b) Sierra:
c) Range (Cordillera):
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d) Depression:
e) Valley:
3. Explain the differences between:
a) Old Mountain (Macizo Antiguo) and alpine Mountain:
b) Plateau and Plain:
c) River Valley and glacier Valley:
4. Define these forms of coastal relief:
a) Peninsula:
b) Island:
c) Gulf:
d) Ría:
e) Cape:
5. Define these forms of undersea relief:
a) Continental shelf:
b) Continental slope:
c) Dorsal oceanic:
d) Abyssal plain:
e) Marina trench:
6. Complete each box with the Relief that corresponds in the picture:

5. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
ACTIVITIES: THE RELIEF OF EUROPE AND SPAIN.
1. Define:
a) Continents:
b) Oceans:
2. Complete, in your notebook, the map with the name of each
continent in the boxes and every ocean in the stripes.
(If you do not know, search in atlas or map… Get a life!)
3. Answer the following questions about the map above:
a) What hemisphere has more continents?
b) What is the continent placed at higher latitude?
c) Which has more islands?
d) Which is colder?
4. Write sentences about the geographical location of the continents:
a) Africa is located south of the Mediterranean Sea between Atlantic
and Indian Oceans.
b) Asia:
c) Europe:
d) Oceania:
e) Antarctic:
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6. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
ACTIVITIES: RELIEF OS SPAIN.
1. Draw in your Notebook a map of Spain and locate in it the following
reliefs:
Coast
Relief
Gulf of Lions.
Gulf of Valencia.
Gulf of Cadiz.
Galician Rias.
Cape Finisterre.
Cape San Vicente.
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Strait of Gibraltar.
Cape Gata.
Cape Palos.
Cape Nao.
Delta of Ebro River.
Cape Creus.
Great
Reliefs
Cantabrian Mountains.
Galician Massif.
Iberian Mountain System.
Sierra Morena.
Pirineos.
Cordilleras Béticas.
Cordillera Costero Catalana.
Depresión del Ebro.
Depresión del Guadalquivir.
Valle del Duero.
Valle del Tajo.
Islands Baleares
Canarias
Others
reliefs
Despeñaperros.
Sierra Nevada.
Mulhacen.
Aneto.
Teide.

7. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
ACTIVITIES: THE RELIEF OF EUROPE.
1. Draw in your Notebook a map of Europe and locate in it the
following reliefs:
Great
Reliefs.
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Escandinavians Mountains
Great European Plain.
Macizo Central
Cárpatos.
Balcanes
Alpes
Apeninos
Others
Reliefs
Jutlandia.
Mont Blanc

8. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
ACTIVITIES: THE RELIEFS OF THE WORLD.
1. Draw in your Notebook a map of the world and locate in it the
following reliefs:
América Montañas Rocosas
Cordillera de los Andes
Escudo Canadiense
Cuenca del Missisippi-Missouri
Montes Apalaches
Cuenca del Amazonas
Meseta Brasileña
Asia Urales
Siberia
Cáucaso
Himalaya
Everest
África Atlas
Sahara
Rift Valley
Kalahari
Kilimanjaro
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9. Departamento de Geografía e Historia
José Carlos Núñez Vidal Página9
REVIEW ACTIVITIES.
1. Complete the map with the two thinks I ask you [You have help on
the map in the textbook]
a) Colour each kind of Relief according to legend.
b) Put in each circle the number of relief that corresponds.
2. Using the dates below, built a graphic about the surface of the
continents and the total surface of the emerged lands.
Asia: 44. 513.313 Km2
América: 42.035.238 Km2
África: 30.180.808 Km2
Antártica: 13.176.727 Km2
Europa: 10.522.140 Km2
Oceanía: 8. 945.728 Km2
3. Compare it with the graphic to the oceans and say if it is true that:
a) Oceans and seas occupy two-thirds of the Earth.
b) The Pacific Ocean is greater than all the landmasses together.