Presentation by EMBARQ Director Holger Dalkmann. - Next Station: Our Low Carbon Future: En Route to a Transportwende? Climate Solutions for the Transportation Sector
This document reviews and discusses future perspectives on urban mobility and public transport. It begins by outlining trends in urbanization, innovations in transportation technologies, and definitions of public versus private transportation. It then reviews four themes from recent studies on automated vehicles, transit networks, modeling, and technologies. The document proposes a conceptual approach grounded in feasibility and realism to explore plausible visions for future urban mobility. It argues that sustainable mobility solutions should focus on public transit rather than private cars. Finally, it highlights the potential implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for accelerating automation and changes in travel behavior.
Attaining a Competitive Advantage Through Urban SustainabilityJohn Batten
This presentation was given at the Hong Kong Institute of Engineers - Environmental Division Annual Forum on April 27th, 2017.
Hong Kong ranked 16th in the Sustainable Cities Index - 2016, published by Arcadis. Where can Hong Kong further sustainability?
www.arcadis.com/SCI2016
FACILITATION OF TRANSPORT AND TRADE IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEANMarcelo Felipozzi
This issue shows why urban logistics is a relevant topic in the discussion of urbanization and provides arguments why the last-mile should be included in policies on sustainable mobility in the region. The issues also delivers insights and arguments how a modern perception of the cargo bike and its inclusion in sustainable logistics policy can deliver towards more sustainable urban logistics development.
The document summarizes the issues with Bangalore's traffic and proposes solutions. It argues that [1] widening roads is not a long term solution as traffic will only continue to increase, [2] building metro rail is too expensive and will take 100 years to complete, and [3] the bus is the best solution to provide public transportation. Buses can carry many more people than individual vehicles and greatly reduce traffic, pollution, and infrastructure costs when widely adopted. The document advocates for increasing bus usage and non-motorized transportation like cycling to simplify commutes without harming the city.
Smart transportation: Predict demand and optimize transportation capacity and assets. (1) Understanding and modeling a holistic view of demand, (2) Creating dynamic multimodal plans and models, (3) Modeling scenarios and better planning routes, schedules and maintenance, (4) Gaining deeper insights.
This document summarizes the work of EMBARQ, a nonprofit organization focused on sustainable transport. It discusses how EMBARQ works with cities around the world to implement policies and projects that encourage non-motorized transport, high-quality bus systems, and transit-oriented development to reduce congestion, pollution, and infrastructure costs. The document outlines EMBARQ's projects in cities from Mexico City and Sao Paulo to Istanbul and Delhi and its partnerships with organizations to advance sustainable transport solutions globally.
This document discusses ways to encourage more sustainable transportation in cities. It outlines the environmental impacts of car use such as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. It also discusses the declining global oil supply and economic and political issues related to oil. The document then presents sustainable transportation alternatives like public transit, biking, ridesharing, and reducing the need to travel. It proposes using economic incentives and changing behaviors to encourage modal shift away from private car use.
This document reviews and discusses future perspectives on urban mobility and public transport. It begins by outlining trends in urbanization, innovations in transportation technologies, and definitions of public versus private transportation. It then reviews four themes from recent studies on automated vehicles, transit networks, modeling, and technologies. The document proposes a conceptual approach grounded in feasibility and realism to explore plausible visions for future urban mobility. It argues that sustainable mobility solutions should focus on public transit rather than private cars. Finally, it highlights the potential implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for accelerating automation and changes in travel behavior.
Attaining a Competitive Advantage Through Urban SustainabilityJohn Batten
This presentation was given at the Hong Kong Institute of Engineers - Environmental Division Annual Forum on April 27th, 2017.
Hong Kong ranked 16th in the Sustainable Cities Index - 2016, published by Arcadis. Where can Hong Kong further sustainability?
www.arcadis.com/SCI2016
FACILITATION OF TRANSPORT AND TRADE IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEANMarcelo Felipozzi
This issue shows why urban logistics is a relevant topic in the discussion of urbanization and provides arguments why the last-mile should be included in policies on sustainable mobility in the region. The issues also delivers insights and arguments how a modern perception of the cargo bike and its inclusion in sustainable logistics policy can deliver towards more sustainable urban logistics development.
The document summarizes the issues with Bangalore's traffic and proposes solutions. It argues that [1] widening roads is not a long term solution as traffic will only continue to increase, [2] building metro rail is too expensive and will take 100 years to complete, and [3] the bus is the best solution to provide public transportation. Buses can carry many more people than individual vehicles and greatly reduce traffic, pollution, and infrastructure costs when widely adopted. The document advocates for increasing bus usage and non-motorized transportation like cycling to simplify commutes without harming the city.
Smart transportation: Predict demand and optimize transportation capacity and assets. (1) Understanding and modeling a holistic view of demand, (2) Creating dynamic multimodal plans and models, (3) Modeling scenarios and better planning routes, schedules and maintenance, (4) Gaining deeper insights.
This document summarizes the work of EMBARQ, a nonprofit organization focused on sustainable transport. It discusses how EMBARQ works with cities around the world to implement policies and projects that encourage non-motorized transport, high-quality bus systems, and transit-oriented development to reduce congestion, pollution, and infrastructure costs. The document outlines EMBARQ's projects in cities from Mexico City and Sao Paulo to Istanbul and Delhi and its partnerships with organizations to advance sustainable transport solutions globally.
This document discusses ways to encourage more sustainable transportation in cities. It outlines the environmental impacts of car use such as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. It also discusses the declining global oil supply and economic and political issues related to oil. The document then presents sustainable transportation alternatives like public transit, biking, ridesharing, and reducing the need to travel. It proposes using economic incentives and changing behaviors to encourage modal shift away from private car use.
Diane Gray, President and CEO, CentrePort Canada, Inc., spoke during the CEC's Joint Public Advisory Committee's round table on sustainable transportation on July 10, 2013. More info. at http://cec.org/council2013
The document discusses how a carpool system could help improve air quality and reduce traffic congestion in Los Angeles. It first provides background on the current traffic and environmental issues in LA, noting heavy congestion and air pollution levels above national averages. The document then outlines a proposed research methodology to analyze how carpool implementation could reduce emissions and congestion costs over 30 years. Specifically, it would estimate emissions reductions in 2025 and 2030 by comparing rates with and without the projected number of carpool vehicles from increased adoption and riders per vehicle. Any reductions greater than carpool costs would indicate environmental and economic benefits.
This document discusses sustainable transportation and provides indicators to measure sustainability impacts. It summarizes a European Transport White Paper that assessed four policy options for sustainable transportation across economic, social and environmental impacts. While the White Paper improved transparency, the modeling and indicators used still had limitations and did not fully consider social or implementation factors. A high-speed rail project was also discussed, noting questions around what the project's goals are in relation to sustainable transportation strategies.
Bidvest Bank Fleet and Asset Finance offers a total fleet solution for businesses, including financing, leasing, and maintenance options. It manages over 11,500 vehicles and helps clients choose the right vehicles for their needs. The document discusses trends in transportation, including increased investment in infrastructure to support rapid urbanization, and a shift toward more sustainable options like electric vehicles, bike-sharing programs, and light-weighting of vehicle materials. It also notes trends in South Africa like more people driving, deterioration of rural roads, and a preference for diesel and SUV vehicles.
How we can make cities safer for pedestrians and all street users with sustainable transport and better city designs. Presented by EMBARQ Director Holger Dalkmann at Transforming Transportation 2014.
Many cities are attempting to reduce congestion through innovative transport policies and projects. This report explores the challenges city leaders face in choosing the right combination of solutions to address their short- and long-term urban mobility challenges. It aims to provide direction on how city leaders can navigate through these challenges and how they can work together with community groups and the private sector to transform their cities for the future.
Bangalore's traffic mess is caused by trying to widen roads endlessly to keep up with increasing vehicle numbers, which has failed worldwide. The solution is to move to sustainable transport by increasing public transport like commuter rail and buses, reducing private vehicles, and promoting cycling and walking. This could reduce vehicle numbers by 75%, commute times by 50%, pollution by 80%, and road spending by 90%, allowing more investment in essential services. While metro rail would take over 100 years, commuter rail could start in 1 year for a fraction of the cost and provide immediate benefits through a more sustainable transport system.
Driverless cars have the potential to transform transportation by improving safety, reducing emissions and congestion, and increasing mobility. The UK is positioned to become a leader in this technology by establishing test programs in several cities and reviewing regulations in 2017. Fully autonomous vehicles could be on roads by 2020-2025, leading to major changes like decreased car ownership and the rise of driverless ride-sharing services. While this transition provides economic opportunities, it also threatens some existing jobs like professional drivers and presents new cybersecurity risks from hackers targeting connected vehicles.
1) The document discusses India's growing crisis of urban mobility and air pollution, arguing that current policies over-incentivize personal vehicles like cars and undercut public transportation like buses.
2) It proposes changes to the central budget and taxation policies to help shift the balance, such as removing excise duty on buses, maintaining taxes on cars, and increasing taxes on diesel vehicles.
3) The proposals aim to incentivize a transition to more sustainable mobility by making public transportation more competitive and curbing the overuse of personal vehicles.
NOx and the City - Technical Solutions: Working together on modelling, measur...STEP_scotland
By 2050, Scottish cities aim to be free of petrol and diesel vehicles. Smaller, more efficient electric vehicles may help decarbonize transport by 2050. Road traffic is forecast to grow 44% in 25 years, but NOx and PM10 emissions could fall 62% and 93% respectively. Microsimulation models traffic and air quality, and is validated using measured data from super sites and wireless sensors. Current research includes sensor development, validation of models, and examining metrics and messages to change public behavior.
This document discusses the relationship between transport and the urban environment. It begins by explaining the increasing urbanization of the world's population and the rise of megacities. It then examines how different transport modes like cars, buses, and rail impact the environment through emissions, energy use, infrastructure needs, and land use patterns. The document outlines the various localized and global environmental issues caused by transportation activities across different spheres like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and ecosphere. In summary, transportation significantly impacts the environment through activities like infrastructure building, vehicle manufacturing, travel, maintenance, and disposal across all modes of transport.
The document discusses Copenhagen's successful policies for increasing bicycle transportation, including developing a comprehensive bicycle infrastructure network, prioritizing safety improvements, and promoting a bicycle-friendly culture. Copenhagen's policies have led to 36% of residents commuting by bicycle daily. The document concludes by outlining lessons for other cities from Copenhagen's approach to enacting public policies that support sustainable transportation goals through increased bicycle use.
Energy for all Access to Sustainable Urban MobilityPatrickTanz
This document provides an overview of a report that examines how access to sustainable energy and mobility can be improved together, focusing on small to medium cities in developing countries. It identifies 19 priority countries and 260 cities where interventions could have high impact. Three main solutions are proposed: 1) Integrated planning of energy, land use and mobility to promote public transport and compact cities; 2) Utilizing digital technologies to map demand and provide efficient services; 3) Deploying electric vehicles where grid infrastructure allows, especially in cities that can access renewable energy. The report aims to explore synergies between the energy and mobility sectors to help achieve sustainable development goals.
Robin King, EMBARQ's Director of Urban Development and Accessibility, presented on rethinking urban form and transit-oriented development (TOD) at EMBARQ Turkey's Livable Cities Symposium on November 20, 2013.
Role of digital india in enhancing transportationAr. Avitesh
This document discusses how digital technologies under India's Digital India program can help enhance transportation systems and road safety. It proposes using RFID technologies to implement smart driving licenses and vehicle number plates that can be tracked. This would help reduce congestion, improve safety and security by monitoring vehicles and drivers in real-time. It suggests setting up intelligent transportation systems using RFID at toll plazas, parking lots, and for carpooling/taxis to automatically identify vehicles and drivers, enforce rules and penalties, and reduce manual documentation checks that cause delays. The aim is to make India's roads smarter and safer through digital innovations.
The document discusses research challenges around the impacts of automated vehicles on urban mobility. It explores how automated vehicles could impact mobility through changes in car ownership, travel behavior, and mode choice. Several studies are summarized that model how shared fleets of automated vehicles could substitute for private vehicles or integrate with public transit. Challenges are noted around simulating these complex systems and optimizing routing of shared automated vehicles. More research is still needed to fully understand how automated vehicles could transform urban transportation systems.
How Guanghzou, Seoul, Naya Raipur, Guadalajara became more sustainable, resilient, and saved money and can inspire a new paradigm for tomorrow's cities. Presentation by WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities' Global Partnerships and Strategy Director, Holger Dalkmann at Powering Progress Together conference, Shell, in Manila, Philippines, February 26, 2015. More information at WRI.org
REAL WORLD EXAMPLES OF SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIES
Cities present a crucial challenge and opportunity in the coming decades, as more than 2.5 billion people are expected to be added to the world's urban areas by 2050.
This presentation from Ani Dasgupta, Global Director, WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities, explores real-world examples of how change has been made in some of the fastest growing cities and economies of the world and discuss actions to ensure sustainable urbanization in the years and decades ahead.
There is strong evidence that improved economic productivity and resource efficiency that accompany urbanization can be achieved while simultaneously addressing the environmental and social externalities from rapid urban growth. Although a combination of technological, social and political innovation is necessary, a wide range of actionable solutions are currently available to address the challenges cities face across various sectors. 2015-16 is an unprecedented year of opportunity - with COP, SDG and Habitat III - for advancing action at the global and city level towards advancing sustainable urban growth.
This document discusses strategies for making cities more sustainable, productive, green and equitable. It argues that most urban growth is occurring in the global south, in cities like Kolkata, India, and that current development patterns risk locking cities into car-dependent and sprawling forms that hurt productivity, increase emissions and deepen inequality. However, compact and connected development centered around high-quality public transport can make cities more competitive, green and improve quality of life for all. The document calls for prioritizing such transformative solutions in cities to achieve climate goals and a more equitable urban future.
Dublinked Innovation Network Transport Event - Dr. Atif Manzoor, TCDDublinked .
The document summarizes research on smart transportation and future cities being conducted at the Distributed Systems Group at Trinity College Dublin. It discusses challenges facing urban population growth, transportation, and infrastructure. The research aims to develop smart infrastructure using multi-agent systems to manage traffic lights and transportation, collaborating smart vehicles to reduce congestion and increase safety, and smart urban sensing networks. The talks will cover challenges around congestion, pollution, accidents, and an aging population, and how the research seeks to address these through intelligent transportation systems.
Diane Gray, President and CEO, CentrePort Canada, Inc., spoke during the CEC's Joint Public Advisory Committee's round table on sustainable transportation on July 10, 2013. More info. at http://cec.org/council2013
The document discusses how a carpool system could help improve air quality and reduce traffic congestion in Los Angeles. It first provides background on the current traffic and environmental issues in LA, noting heavy congestion and air pollution levels above national averages. The document then outlines a proposed research methodology to analyze how carpool implementation could reduce emissions and congestion costs over 30 years. Specifically, it would estimate emissions reductions in 2025 and 2030 by comparing rates with and without the projected number of carpool vehicles from increased adoption and riders per vehicle. Any reductions greater than carpool costs would indicate environmental and economic benefits.
This document discusses sustainable transportation and provides indicators to measure sustainability impacts. It summarizes a European Transport White Paper that assessed four policy options for sustainable transportation across economic, social and environmental impacts. While the White Paper improved transparency, the modeling and indicators used still had limitations and did not fully consider social or implementation factors. A high-speed rail project was also discussed, noting questions around what the project's goals are in relation to sustainable transportation strategies.
Bidvest Bank Fleet and Asset Finance offers a total fleet solution for businesses, including financing, leasing, and maintenance options. It manages over 11,500 vehicles and helps clients choose the right vehicles for their needs. The document discusses trends in transportation, including increased investment in infrastructure to support rapid urbanization, and a shift toward more sustainable options like electric vehicles, bike-sharing programs, and light-weighting of vehicle materials. It also notes trends in South Africa like more people driving, deterioration of rural roads, and a preference for diesel and SUV vehicles.
How we can make cities safer for pedestrians and all street users with sustainable transport and better city designs. Presented by EMBARQ Director Holger Dalkmann at Transforming Transportation 2014.
Many cities are attempting to reduce congestion through innovative transport policies and projects. This report explores the challenges city leaders face in choosing the right combination of solutions to address their short- and long-term urban mobility challenges. It aims to provide direction on how city leaders can navigate through these challenges and how they can work together with community groups and the private sector to transform their cities for the future.
Bangalore's traffic mess is caused by trying to widen roads endlessly to keep up with increasing vehicle numbers, which has failed worldwide. The solution is to move to sustainable transport by increasing public transport like commuter rail and buses, reducing private vehicles, and promoting cycling and walking. This could reduce vehicle numbers by 75%, commute times by 50%, pollution by 80%, and road spending by 90%, allowing more investment in essential services. While metro rail would take over 100 years, commuter rail could start in 1 year for a fraction of the cost and provide immediate benefits through a more sustainable transport system.
Driverless cars have the potential to transform transportation by improving safety, reducing emissions and congestion, and increasing mobility. The UK is positioned to become a leader in this technology by establishing test programs in several cities and reviewing regulations in 2017. Fully autonomous vehicles could be on roads by 2020-2025, leading to major changes like decreased car ownership and the rise of driverless ride-sharing services. While this transition provides economic opportunities, it also threatens some existing jobs like professional drivers and presents new cybersecurity risks from hackers targeting connected vehicles.
1) The document discusses India's growing crisis of urban mobility and air pollution, arguing that current policies over-incentivize personal vehicles like cars and undercut public transportation like buses.
2) It proposes changes to the central budget and taxation policies to help shift the balance, such as removing excise duty on buses, maintaining taxes on cars, and increasing taxes on diesel vehicles.
3) The proposals aim to incentivize a transition to more sustainable mobility by making public transportation more competitive and curbing the overuse of personal vehicles.
NOx and the City - Technical Solutions: Working together on modelling, measur...STEP_scotland
By 2050, Scottish cities aim to be free of petrol and diesel vehicles. Smaller, more efficient electric vehicles may help decarbonize transport by 2050. Road traffic is forecast to grow 44% in 25 years, but NOx and PM10 emissions could fall 62% and 93% respectively. Microsimulation models traffic and air quality, and is validated using measured data from super sites and wireless sensors. Current research includes sensor development, validation of models, and examining metrics and messages to change public behavior.
This document discusses the relationship between transport and the urban environment. It begins by explaining the increasing urbanization of the world's population and the rise of megacities. It then examines how different transport modes like cars, buses, and rail impact the environment through emissions, energy use, infrastructure needs, and land use patterns. The document outlines the various localized and global environmental issues caused by transportation activities across different spheres like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and ecosphere. In summary, transportation significantly impacts the environment through activities like infrastructure building, vehicle manufacturing, travel, maintenance, and disposal across all modes of transport.
The document discusses Copenhagen's successful policies for increasing bicycle transportation, including developing a comprehensive bicycle infrastructure network, prioritizing safety improvements, and promoting a bicycle-friendly culture. Copenhagen's policies have led to 36% of residents commuting by bicycle daily. The document concludes by outlining lessons for other cities from Copenhagen's approach to enacting public policies that support sustainable transportation goals through increased bicycle use.
Energy for all Access to Sustainable Urban MobilityPatrickTanz
This document provides an overview of a report that examines how access to sustainable energy and mobility can be improved together, focusing on small to medium cities in developing countries. It identifies 19 priority countries and 260 cities where interventions could have high impact. Three main solutions are proposed: 1) Integrated planning of energy, land use and mobility to promote public transport and compact cities; 2) Utilizing digital technologies to map demand and provide efficient services; 3) Deploying electric vehicles where grid infrastructure allows, especially in cities that can access renewable energy. The report aims to explore synergies between the energy and mobility sectors to help achieve sustainable development goals.
Robin King, EMBARQ's Director of Urban Development and Accessibility, presented on rethinking urban form and transit-oriented development (TOD) at EMBARQ Turkey's Livable Cities Symposium on November 20, 2013.
Role of digital india in enhancing transportationAr. Avitesh
This document discusses how digital technologies under India's Digital India program can help enhance transportation systems and road safety. It proposes using RFID technologies to implement smart driving licenses and vehicle number plates that can be tracked. This would help reduce congestion, improve safety and security by monitoring vehicles and drivers in real-time. It suggests setting up intelligent transportation systems using RFID at toll plazas, parking lots, and for carpooling/taxis to automatically identify vehicles and drivers, enforce rules and penalties, and reduce manual documentation checks that cause delays. The aim is to make India's roads smarter and safer through digital innovations.
The document discusses research challenges around the impacts of automated vehicles on urban mobility. It explores how automated vehicles could impact mobility through changes in car ownership, travel behavior, and mode choice. Several studies are summarized that model how shared fleets of automated vehicles could substitute for private vehicles or integrate with public transit. Challenges are noted around simulating these complex systems and optimizing routing of shared automated vehicles. More research is still needed to fully understand how automated vehicles could transform urban transportation systems.
How Guanghzou, Seoul, Naya Raipur, Guadalajara became more sustainable, resilient, and saved money and can inspire a new paradigm for tomorrow's cities. Presentation by WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities' Global Partnerships and Strategy Director, Holger Dalkmann at Powering Progress Together conference, Shell, in Manila, Philippines, February 26, 2015. More information at WRI.org
REAL WORLD EXAMPLES OF SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIES
Cities present a crucial challenge and opportunity in the coming decades, as more than 2.5 billion people are expected to be added to the world's urban areas by 2050.
This presentation from Ani Dasgupta, Global Director, WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities, explores real-world examples of how change has been made in some of the fastest growing cities and economies of the world and discuss actions to ensure sustainable urbanization in the years and decades ahead.
There is strong evidence that improved economic productivity and resource efficiency that accompany urbanization can be achieved while simultaneously addressing the environmental and social externalities from rapid urban growth. Although a combination of technological, social and political innovation is necessary, a wide range of actionable solutions are currently available to address the challenges cities face across various sectors. 2015-16 is an unprecedented year of opportunity - with COP, SDG and Habitat III - for advancing action at the global and city level towards advancing sustainable urban growth.
This document discusses strategies for making cities more sustainable, productive, green and equitable. It argues that most urban growth is occurring in the global south, in cities like Kolkata, India, and that current development patterns risk locking cities into car-dependent and sprawling forms that hurt productivity, increase emissions and deepen inequality. However, compact and connected development centered around high-quality public transport can make cities more competitive, green and improve quality of life for all. The document calls for prioritizing such transformative solutions in cities to achieve climate goals and a more equitable urban future.
Dublinked Innovation Network Transport Event - Dr. Atif Manzoor, TCDDublinked .
The document summarizes research on smart transportation and future cities being conducted at the Distributed Systems Group at Trinity College Dublin. It discusses challenges facing urban population growth, transportation, and infrastructure. The research aims to develop smart infrastructure using multi-agent systems to manage traffic lights and transportation, collaborating smart vehicles to reduce congestion and increase safety, and smart urban sensing networks. The talks will cover challenges around congestion, pollution, accidents, and an aging population, and how the research seeks to address these through intelligent transportation systems.
The world has never been more urban than it is now, and this trend isn’t expected to slow down anytime soon. By 2050, the world will have grown by 2.5 billion additional urban dwellers, with almost all of this growth occurring in cities in the developing world. The right ecosystem for change can make sustainable urban solutions a reality—not just in a few cities, but worldwide.
Presented by Ani Dasgupta, Global Director, WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities, at the ICLEI World Congress in Seoul, South Korea, April 9, 2015.
Read more on #TheCityFix: http://bit.ly/1Pp7rdU
This document summarizes a presentation given at the 5th GIB Summit in May 2015 on the role of the public and private sectors in transit-oriented development. The presentation discusses how compact, mixed-use, transit-oriented development can help reduce transportation costs and emissions while improving economic growth by reducing infrastructure costs and encouraging more sustainable transportation options like walking, cycling, and public transit over private vehicle use.
Shobhakar Dhakal's April 30 PresenationChinaenviro
Major trends in urbanization and the urban environment:
1) Asia is leading unprecedented global urbanization, hosting the largest urban populations, including China and India which have the largest populations.
2) Asian cities are facing severe challenges from high density, congestion, air and water pollution, and solid waste issues due to rapid urban growth outpacing infrastructure development.
3) Looking ahead, further urbanization will increase challenges, with the urban population projected to grow twice as fast as the total population by 2030, concentrating environmental impacts in cities. Innovative solutions are needed to manage urban development.
The document discusses sustainable mobility trends around the world and the need for a paradigm shift in transportation. It outlines strategies to avoid and shift trips to more efficient modes, improve technology and operations, but notes that not enough change is currently happening. It then provides examples of emerging trends that indicate movement towards more sustainable transportation systems, such as increased cycling and public transit ridership in some cities and new policies around congestion pricing, vehicle quotas, and low-emission zones.
The document discusses sustainable urban transport and improving quality of life in cities. It notes that rapid motorization has negatively impacted cities economically, environmentally, and socially. The main problems are listed as energy consumption, emissions, safety issues, congestion, and social exclusion. Solutions proposed include improving transport efficiency, shifting modes to public transit and non-motorized options like walking and cycling, and reducing or avoiding travel. Examples given of successful cities emphasize high quality public transit integrated with land use planning and policies supporting alternatives to private vehicles.
This document discusses urban transport challenges and solutions. It notes that as urban populations and vehicles increase, cities face constraints on resources. This implies a huge challenge to build infrastructure while limiting environmental and public health impacts. The document evaluates two approaches: capital intensive solutions like expanding roads and rail; and changing paradigms by prioritizing non-motorized transport and bus systems. It argues that alternative solutions can transform cities in a low-cost, high impact way through compact development focused on pedestrians, bicycles, public transit and disincentives for car use. Examples from cities like Bogota demonstrate extraordinary results from integrated sustainable transport policies.
This document discusses the growth and strategy of the World Resources Institute's (WRI) urban sustainability work. It outlines how WRI has expanded from initial projects in Mexico City and Brazil in the 2000s to now working in over 55 cities across 6 countries with 172 staff. The strategy is to further scale up impact by establishing an integrated Center for Sustainable Cities by 2019 with 280 staff, $33 million annual funding, and working in over 200 cities globally. Key areas of focus include urban development, transport, energy, water, and governance. Diagnostic tools like the Greenhouse Gas Protocol and Aqueduct will also be expanded to more cities. The board is asked if this strategy makes a persuasive case for expanding WRI's role
This document discusses the circular economy in cities and regions. It provides an overview of a survey of 43 cities and 3 regions on their circular economy initiatives. The top drivers for cities transitioning to a circular economy are climate change and creating new business models. Cities' initiatives mainly focus on waste management and pilot projects. The main obstacles are lack of coordination across levels of government and private sector engagement. A checklist is proposed to help cities develop circular economy visions and transition strategies.
REALIZING THE TRANSPORT WE WANT – WHAT WILL IT TAKE? Gabriella Ribeiro
The document discusses trends shaping the future of transportation over the next 15 years. It notes that transportation needs are growing rapidly worldwide due to increasing trade volumes, urbanization, and socioeconomic shifts. Achieving truly sustainable mobility will require addressing challenges like high logistics costs, road safety issues, underinvestment in public transit, and the sector's large environmental impact. The global Sustainable Development Goals and climate agreements provide an opportunity to develop a broader vision for transportation that promotes equitable access, reduced emissions, and sustainable development outcomes.
A 5-part course for university or engineering students on transport and mobility issues (history, current situation, theoretical concepts, future and the Finnish case)
This document summarizes a report on the future of urban mobility. It introduces the updated Arthur D. Little Urban Mobility Index, which assessed 84 global cities. The key findings are:
- Most cities scored below half the potential score, indicating room for improvement. Only 11 cities scored above average.
- European cities achieved the highest scores on average but still have potential for growth.
- The report identifies three strategic directions for cities to improve mobility based on their current systems.
- Four dimensions are outlined for cities to consider when defining sustainable mobility policies: vision/strategy, supply, demand management, and financing.
S Lo Ca T Membership Meeting 25 January (Draft Presentation)cornie huizenga
The document provides an overview and agenda for the 2012 SLoCaT Membership Meeting. It discusses SLoCaT's activities and membership in 2011, including hosting forums, events, and joint documents. It outlines SLoCaT's initiative on sustainable mobility for Rio+20, which proposes adopting a sustainable development goal on transport. The document also discusses strengthening coordination between UN agencies on sustainable transport and possible future structures for SLoCaT, including a potential UN transport body.
The Economics and Governance of Circular Economy in Cities, OECDOECDregions
This document summarizes Oriana Romano's presentation on circular economy in cities at the 11th OECD WGI Meeting. It discusses that circular economy aims to have resources continually reused and recycled, outlines challenges like population growth and climate change that create opportunities, and notes cities' important roles as promoters and enablers. It also describes measuring cities' circularity, facilitating learning between them, and sharing recommendations to unlock circular potential through a proposed timeline of diagnostic assessments, action plans, and international workshops with the goal of producing reports, case studies, and indicator frameworks.
Making Cities Work_Sustainable Growth and Sustainable ClimateRitwajit Das
This document discusses the importance of sustainable urban development and growth given that cities will account for most of the world's population growth and economic output over the next few decades. If current unplanned urban expansion continues, it will greatly increase costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Instead, the document advocates for a model of compact, connected, and coordinated urban planning that encourages higher densities, mixed land uses, public transit, and green spaces. Such strategic shifts towards more sustainable urban development patterns could boost economic productivity, improve quality of life, and significantly reduce emissions. The document argues that national urbanization strategies and stronger policies are needed to support this transition to more sustainable cities.
Connected and Sustainable Mobility WhitepaperShane Mitchell
Urban mobility problems are rapidly turning into an urban mobility crisis.
ICT offers enormous capabilities, but most are vastly underutilized in urban transportation.
Public- and private-sector organizations must partner in adopting a vision for the sustainable city of the future where transportation continues to play a key role in enabling mobility—yet is dramatically transformed by innovative ICT.
Similar to Next Station: Our Low Carbon Future (20)
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
This webinar showcased how efforts in India and sub-Saharan Africa are harnessing renewable energy, in particular solar power, to ensure health facilities have access to clean and reliable electricity. The session covered insights from the recently released report, “A Spoonful of Solar to Help the Medicine Go Down: Exploring Synergies Between Health Care and Energy,” as well as from WRI Africa’s Productive Use of Renewable Energy (PURE) initiative.
DIST-ALERT detects disturbances to any kind of vegetation cover, including forests, grasses, shrubs and even crops, occurring anywhere on Earth in near real-time.
OPERA’s first-of-its-kind vegetation disturbance monitoring product (DIST-ALERT) detects disturbances to any kind of vegetation cover, including forests, grasses, shrubs and even crops, occurring anywhere on Earth in near real-time.
Protecting forests is critical, but meeting biodiversity, climate and sustainable development targets means preventing the loss of other valuable natural ecosystems as well.
In this webinar, local governments and other stakeholders will learn about advanced transmission solutions, including grid-enhancing technologies (GETs) and high-performance conductors. The webinar will cover the mechanics and purpose of these technologies and feature expertise from regulators and subject matter experts. We will also discuss transmission capacity expansion needs, incentives, and how local governments can become involved in transmission-related conversations.
Supercharged by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act, the U.S. is rapidly transitioning to electric vehicles. But access to EV charging remains a key challenge, especially within underserved communities. Cities, towns and counties are at the frontlines of this transition and are actively planning for and deploying charging infrastructure across their communities.
This webinar will share experiences and lessons learned from recent peer-learning cohorts run by WRI in partnership with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory as part of the U.S. Department of Energy Clean Energy to Communities program.
This webinar will help local government staff and other community stakeholders—such as community-based and environmental justice organizations—better understand FERC and the available pathways for these stakeholders to engage with the agency. Featured speakers will cover the history of FERC, how it functions, and its role in affecting the future of the electricity sector. The webinar will also discuss why community voices are valuable at FERC and how these voices can have the greatest impact.
The challenge for 2024 is to understand how we can move those in power to make the necessary shifts toward a net zero, climate-resilient future.
In WRI’s Stories to Watch 2024, WRI’s President & CEO, Ani Dasgupta, presents four key stories that help explain how we can make these shifts. Each story hinges on whether leaders use their power to make life better for people, nature, and the climate — and the factors that influence them.
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Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2024/1/stories-watch-2024
Join World Resources Institute on December 13 for a webinar that explores grid reliability in the United States and how to help state decisionmakers, regulators, RTOs, and other key stakeholders understand what is needed in the immediate and long-term to build a more reliable grid.
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CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
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THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
Next Station: Our Low Carbon Future
1. HOLGER DALKMANN, DIRECTOR, EMBARQ, WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE
NEXT STATION: OUR
LOW-CARBON FUTURE
En Route to a Transportwende?
Climate Solutions for the Transportation Sector - Nov. 24, 2014
2. THE URBANIZATION CHALLENGE
• Over 50% of the global population now live in cities and urban
areas, rising to 70% by 2050.
Billion People
0
2
4
6
8
10
20502040203020202010200019901980197019601950
Global
population
Urban
population
Rural
population
70%
50%
30%
Cities
3. CITIES: ENGINES OF GROWTH AND PROSPERITY
• The 150 largest metropolitan economies account for 14% of
global population yet generate 41% of global GDP
4. CITIES ARE KEY DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
Note: Population split from 2011, GDP split estimate from Grubler et al 2007 cited in GEA 2012, Energy
use split from GEA 2005, Emissions from World Energy Outlook 2006 SOURCE: World Urbanisation
Prospects, Grubler et al 2007, GEA 2012, WEO 2006
52% of
Population
80% of GDP
6. Reduced
Gap
BRIDGING THE GAP TO A 2 DEGREE SCENARIO
Reference: UNEP 2013 Gap Report
Transport
1.7 – 2.5 Gt
2 degree
scenario
17Gt
Gap
Business
As
Usual
2 degree
scenario
11. COSTS OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Sources: Christidis, P. and Ibáñez Rivas, J. N., 2012. Measuring Road Congestion. European
Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Seville, Spain.
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Total EU Germany France UK
Annual Cost of
Congestion (€B)
Cost of Congestion as
% of GDP 2009
• In Europe €110Bn is lost annually due to traffic congestion
12. COSTS OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Sources: IBM Institute for Business Value, Smarter cities for smarter growth. Li-Zeng Mao, Hong-Ge Zhu, and Li-Ren
Duan (2012) The Social Cost of Traffic Congestion and Countermeasures in Beijing. Sustainable Transportation Systems: pp.
68-76.
4.2% 4.1% 4.0% 4.0%
3.4%
2.6% 2.4%
2.1%
1.8%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
PercentageofGDP
Cost of Traffic Congestion as a Percentage of GDP
Traffic congestion costs some cities more than 4% of GDP
14. AIR QUALITY IMPACTS
Source: World Health Organisation: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.wrapper.ENVHEALTH3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
NewYork
LosAngeles
Chicago
BuenosAires
SaoPaulo
RiodeJaneiro
Bogota
MexicoCity
Lima
Paris
Essen
Moscow
Istanbul
London
Kinshasa
Cairo
Tehran
Baghdad
Lagos
Johannesburg
Shanghai
Beijing
Guangzhou
Shenzhen
Tianjin
Dongguan
Chengdu
Wuhan
Chongqung
Hangzhou
HongKong
Tokyo
Osaka
Nagoya
Manila
Seoul
Taipei
Bangkok
HoChiMinhCity
Dhaka
Delhi
Mumbai
Calcutta
Chennai
Bengaluru
Hyderabad
Ahmedabad
Jakarta
Karachi
Lahore
North
America
Latin
America
Europe &
Central
Asia
Middle-east &
North Africa
East Asia & Pacific South Asia
WHO air
quality
standard
PM10 <20
per m3
Particulate matter per m3 for top 50 cities – higher particulate matter means worse air quality
• Of a selection of the world’s biggest cities by population none
meet WHO air quality standards
16. LOCAL ISSUES: PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
3.2 million people are affected for illnesses
derived from physical inactivity and obesity
17. “BUSINESS AS USUAL”
IS BREAKING DOWN
LOST ACCESSIBILITYLOST TIME
LOST PUBLIC SPACELOST HEALTH
18.
19. CIGARETTE SMOKING
• Percentage decrease in the adult population who smokes daily
from 2000 – 2010
Source: OECD Health Data 2012; Eurostat Statistics Database; WHO Global Infobase.
11.3%
13.7%
20.4%
40.6%
16.3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
20. CIGARETTE SMOKING
• Percentage decrease in the adult population who smokes daily
from 2000 – 2010
Source: OECD Health Data 2012; Eurostat Statistics Database; WHO Global Infobase.
11.3%
13.7%
20.4%
40.6%
16.3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
21. WHERE DO PEOPLE STAY?
IHG
•65 years
•645K rooms
•100 countries
Hilton
•93 years
•610K rooms
•88 countries
Accor
•44 years
•530K rooms
•92 countries
Airbnb
•4 years
•650K rooms
•192 countries
23. PARADIGM SHIFT IN US?
• Proportion of population with driving licenses by age (2002-2008)
Source: Sivak and Schoettle, 2011
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/86680/102764.pdf
24. BUILD ON GLOBAL BEST PRACTICES:
• Portland City’s
transportation policies
save its residents $2.6
billion that can be
invested in the local
economy.
Source: “Portland’s Green Dividend,” Joe Cortright, CEO for Cities (2007). 24
25. PARADIGM SHIFT? NORWAY
• Proportion of population with driving licenses by age (1991-2009)
Source: Sivak and Schoettle, 2011
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/86680/102764.pdf
26. HAVE WE HIT PEAK TRAVEL?
• Passenger kilometers by private car & light truck 1990-2009
• (Index 1990=100)
Source: International Transport Forum 2012
32. ATLANTA VS. BARCELONA
• The 2 have similar populations and wealth levels, but very
different carbon productivities.
ATLANTA’S BUILT-UP AREA BARCELONA’S BUILT-UP AREA
Population: 2.5 million
Urban area: 4,280 km2
Transport carbon emissions: 7.5
tonnes CO2 per person (public+
private transport)
Population: 2.8 million
Urban area: 162 km2
Transport carbon emissions: 0.7
tonnes CO2 per person (public+
private transport)
Source: Laconte, P., Urban and Transport Management - International Trends and Practices, in International Symposium
"Sustainable Urban Transport and City. 2005, Tongji University and Nagoya University: Shanghai, carfreeinbigd.com, chron.com/the
highwayman, ec.Europa.eu for emissions for Copenhagen, World Bank for emissions for Houston
33. HOUSTON VS. COPENHAGEN
• Contrast shows the economic benefits and cost savings from
mass transit and compactness
Source: Laconte, P., Urban and Transport Management - International Trends and Practices, in International Symposium
"Sustainable Urban Transport and City. 2005, Tongji University and Nagoya University: Shanghai, carfreeinbigd.com,
chron.com/the highwayman, ec.Europa.eu for emissions for Copenhagen, World Bank for emissions for Houston
Houston Copenhagen
Population density: 3,500 per sq/mi
~4% of people use public transport, 95%
of trips are by car
14% of local GDP spent on transportation
Emissions per capita (tCO2e/capita): 14.1
Population density: 17,000 per sq/mi
~46% of people use public transport,
cycling also common
4% of local GDP spent on transportation
Emissions per capita (tCO2e/capita): 4.7
34. CHOICES MATTER
• Cities & countries with similar levels of GDP per capita can have
vastly different carbon emissions
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000
Germany
Hamburg
UK
France
Canada
Paris
London
New York City
USA
Australia
Sydney
Toronto
Cape
Town
Shanghai
South
Africa
Mexico
Mexico City
São Paulo
BrazilChina
India
Delhi
PerCapitaCO2Emissions
(tonnes)
GDP per capita
(2008 USD)
35. COMPACT AND CONNECTED URBAN PATHWAYS CAN
GO HAND IN HAND WITH ECONOMIC GROWTH
Source: Rode, Floater et al. 2013; Floater, Rode et al. 2013, 2014.
36. Savings in global infrastructure
spending to 2030 from more
compact, connected urban
development
Source: New Climate Economy analysis.
45. NEW TRENDS ON THE RISE
Source: EMBARQ; http://thecityfix.com/blog/on-the-move-advancing-sustainable-
transport-getting-from-here-to-there-holger-dalkmann/
46. HIGH LEVEL OF SERVICE BUSES IN EUROPE
Source: (Finn et. al, 2011)
Cambridge, UK
47. BRT AND BUSWAY SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD
Source: EMBARQ, 2011
Planned / in
construction
(82 cities)
In expansion
(23 cities)
In operation
(163 cities)
48. BRT GROWTH IN EUROPE
Source: BRTdata.org
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cumulative System Total
New BRT Systems
New Systems Cumulative Total
49. KEY BHLS COMPONENTS
Running ways
Stations
Vehicles
Intelligent Transportation
Systems (ITS), operation
management tools
Identity of the
BHLS scheme
50. BHLS IN EUROPE
Country Cities with BHLS
England Cambridge, Crawley, Dartford, Leeds
France Lille, Lorient, Lyon, Nantes, Paris, Rennes, Rouen, Toulouse
Germany Essen, Hamburg, Oberhausen
Ireland Dublin
Italy Brescia*, Pisa, Prato
Netherlands Alkmaar, Almere, Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Twente, Utrecht
Spain Barcelona*, Castellón, Madrid
Sweden Gothenburg, Jönköping, Lund, Stockholm
Source: Brendan Finn
ETTS Ltd., Ireland
52. CAR SHARING
• For every shared car, there are 15 fewer owned cars on
the road. (Source: Zipcar)
Source: http://futureofcarsharing.com/
53. GLOBAL GROWTH OF BIKE-SHARE 2000-2013
Source: Peter Midgely and EMBARQ
54. BIKE SHARING IN LONDON & MADRID
Photo source: Flickr user shaggy359,
LONDON MADRID
55. BIKE SHARING SUCCESS FACTORS
• Go Big or Go Home
Create a big, dense system with
broad coverage or it won’t get used.
• You Get What You Pay For
Quality of infrastructure can make or
break a system
• Merge the Financials
Make the case for subsidies
• Evolve or Disappear
Evolving payment systems that work
for the new technology
• Connect Across Borders
Work with established international
service providers with experience
56. TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE LOW CARBON
FUTURE – INTEGRATION & DISRUPTION
DEMAND
SUPPLY
DISRUPTIVE
SOLUTIONS
?
ACCESSIBILITY
61. BIG DATA SOLUTIONS
• Real-time traffic and transport data through bus location
devices, cell phone data tracking, and crowd-sourced
information platforms, like Waze
62. OPEN SOURCE DATA APPLICATIONS
Within 1 hour:
Real-time bus
locations on
Google Earth
Within 1 week:
Desktop
widget with
transit
countdown
information
Within 5 weeks:
iPhone and
Andriod transit
tracking &
planning apps
• Open source transit data can enable live trip planning
tools and other new innovations
• When Boston’s transit authority opened its data in 2009,
the results were immediate:
66. Open Data
Bike Sharing
Car Sharing
CONVENTIONAL SOLUTIONS
& INNOVATIVE DISRUPTIONS
Biking Metro
Buses
Walking
67. 5 ELEMENTS FOR TOWARDS A TRANSPORTWENDE
Political Will – Leadership and Community
Support
Finance – Sustainable investment in
Infrastructure and Operations
Integrated Planning – Land-use and Sustainable
Mobility
Enable entrepreneurial environment for
disruptive solutions
Technology as enabler to better cleaner vehicles
& integrated (disruptive) solutions
Slide from From New Climate Economy
Already live in an urban world……passed the point where over 50% of world's population live in cities. Expected to reach close to 70% by 2050.
Cities also critical drivers of economic activity: The 150 largest metropolitan economies account for 14% of global population yet generate 41% of global GDP.
Additional content from initial slide:
The 150 largest metropolitan economies account for 14% of global population yet generate 41% of global GDP. The urbanisation trend presents significant opportunities
SOURCE: LSE Cities and Oxford Economics based on United Nations World Urbanization Prospects, 2007 Revision and Oxford Economics City 750 database. See Floater, G., Rode, P., Robert, A., Kennedy, C., Hoornweg, D., Slavcheva, R. and Godfrey, N., 2014 (forthcoming). Cities and the New Climate Economy: the transformative role of global urban growth. New Climate Economy contributing paper. LSE Cities, London School of Economics and Political Science. To be available at: http://newclimateeconomy.report.
Slide from From New Climate Economy
Cities are at the heart of driving economic development and structural transformation. See how closely GDP and urbanisation are related as rising agricultural productivity creates surplus labour for deployment elsewhere in industry and services, primarily located in urban centres.
Most successful high-income countries have economically dynamic cities at the heart of their regional and national economies.
Cities are rapidly transforming the economic landscape of emerging markets and developing countries……..
Original text on the slide:
1 Definition of urbanization varies by country; pre-1950 figures for the United Kingdom are estimated.
2 Historical per capita GDP series expressed in 1990 Geary-Khamis dollars, which reflect purchasing power parity.
SOURCE: McKinsey Global Institute, Population Division of the United Nations; Angus Maddison via Timetrics; Global Insight; Census reports of England and Wales; Honda in Steckel & Floud,1997; Bairoch, 1975
Picture of cars from: http://ethanolfacts.com/lower-toxic-emissions/
This does not make the point as well as the diverse, city specific stats do, but these are more relevant to the audience.
Even in Europe, there is $$$ wasted ($100B Euros) on traffic congestion untapped market for innovation
Classified countries using World Bank classification: http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20421402~menuPK:64133156~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html
Information on Beijing:
In 1998, Beijing launched a ‘Defending the Blue Sky’ campaign with air quality data becoming openly available on a weekly basis in February 1998 [1–3], and on a
daily basis in June 2000
The World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for daily PM10 concentrations is 50 µg m−3, and the annual average PM10 concentration guideline is 20 µg m−3 [5, 24]. The WHO also has established less stringent interim targets to assist countries in tracking progress over time in reducing population exposure to particulate matter. For daily PM10 concentration the interim target-1 is 150 µg m−3, and the annual average PM10 interim target-1 is 70µg m−3.
Neither the Chinese national ambient air quality standards, nor the World Health Organization guidelines, differentiate
between particulate from anthropogenic and natural sources,
or between pollution from local and distant sources in the air
quality standards [23a, 19]. However, in the United States,
extreme events are not included in determining violation of
the national ambient air quality standards [67]. Particulate
pollution from dust storms [11, 24], biomass burning and distant sources [7, 26] impacts Beijing air quality,
and has complicated control efforts taken by the Beijing
government
From: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/3/3/034009/pdf/1748-9326_3_3_034009.pdf
To sum up: topics; drop numbers
Slide from From New Climate Economy
This plots GDP per capita of cities and carbon emissions.
Original text:
SOURCE: LSE Cities based on multiple sources
In Houston, 95% of trips are by car. In Dallas, 96% of trips are by car. In Houston, 14% of local GDP is spent on transportation. Simply, getting around and participating in the economy. In Copenhagen, which has been systematically and incrementally reducing the role and necessity of private automobile cost and usage since the 1960's, only spends 4% of GDP on transportation.
Population densities from:
http://blog.chron.com/thehighwayman/2014/05/traffic-is-in-the-eye-of-the-beskueren/
Emissions from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Section-1-Local-contribution-to-climate-change_Copenhagen.pdf page 3
Emissions for Houston from: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTUWM/Resources/GHG_Index_Mar_9_2011.pdf
Transport as % of GDP figures: http://www.carfreeinbigd.com/2014/03/the-destructive-fiscal-irresponsibility.html
In Houston, 95% of trips are by car. In Dallas, 96% of trips are by car. In Houston, 14% of local GDP is spent on transportation. Simply, getting around and participating in the economy. In Copenhagen, which has been systematically and incrementally reducing the role and necessity of private automobile cost and usage since the 1960's, only spends 4% of GDP on transportation.
Population densities from:
http://blog.chron.com/thehighwayman/2014/05/traffic-is-in-the-eye-of-the-beskueren/
Emissions from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Section-1-Local-contribution-to-climate-change_Copenhagen.pdf page 3
Emissions for Houston from: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTUWM/Resources/GHG_Index_Mar_9_2011.pdf
Transport as % of GDP figures: http://www.carfreeinbigd.com/2014/03/the-destructive-fiscal-irresponsibility.html
Cars are only part of the picture, but not the whole story. Let’s think outside of the box
Countries: Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, Austria and UK.
Residents of Portland Oregon, drive on average about 20% less a day (4 miles) than residents of the other 32 most populous metropolitan areas in the United States. The estimated savings is 2.6 billion in transportation costs and time. That’s over a billion dollars that is available for investment in goods and services produced by the local economy, as well as tens of millions of hours available for more productive activity.
Portland’s Green Dividend, Joe Cortright, 2007
Crowdsourcing data can provide data on traffic, and also less obvious issues, including dangerous road crossing, unsafe pavement, incomplete or blocked cycle paths, lack of enforcement of street regulations, or lack of bike parking
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