The document summarizes the evolution of bowel anastomosis techniques from the early 19th century to modern practices. It describes early techniques such as Glover's suture and Lembert's suture. Lembert introduced the concept of sero-serous sutures rather than muco-mucosal sutures. It also discusses modified techniques by Dupuytren, Jobert, Czerny, and Kocher. Modern techniques now use a double layer approach with synthetic absorbable sutures. Key considerations for a successful anastomosis include minimizing tension, ensuring blood supply is maintained, and allowing for physiological healing over 10-14 days.
Laparoscopic Suturing And Knotting Mob: 7289915430, www.drpradeepgargPradeep Garg
The document discusses laparoscopic suturing techniques. It recommends ipsilateral suturing as it is less fatiguing and more useful for procedures requiring many sutures, like myomectomy. Contralateral suturing is more fatiguing and can obstruct the camera and assistant. The document also provides recommendations for needle holders and suture materials used for laparoscopic suturing. It suggests box trainers are effective for teaching laparoscopic suturing skills as they provide realistic practice at a lower cost.
Limb Complex Multi system Injury (Mangled Extremity) is one of the most challenging problems in Orthopaedic surgery. Mangled Extremity is a limb with an injury to at least three out of four systems (soft tissue, bone, nerves, and vessels). Decision have to be made either amputation + Prosthesis or limb salvage procedure. The decision of Primary Amputation in the acute setting is difficult for the patient, family, & the treating surgical team. The majority of mangled extremities are potentially salvageable for which, in the acute setting, a treatment plan needs to be made.
Ulcerative colitis ppt easy med notes 2021 easyanatomy1
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon. The disease starts in the rectum and may spread throughout the entire large intestine. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and weight loss. The disease is thought to be caused by an immune system defect, genetic factors, and environmental triggers like diet and stress. Diagnosis involves blood tests, stool exams, and colonoscopy. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and includes medications, nutrition therapy, and sometimes surgery to remove the colon.
The presentation covered key aspects of laparoscopic suturing including equipment, ergonomics, intracorporeal and extracorporeal suturing techniques, and the use of staplers. Proper port positioning, needle handling skills, knot tying, and attention to ergonomics were emphasized as important for achieving competent laparoscopic tissue approximation. Different suture materials, needle types, and knot styles were reviewed along with their applications in laparoscopic procedures.
Gossypiboma, textiloma or more broadly Retained Foreign Object (RFO) is the technical term for a surgical complications resulting from foreign materials, such as a surgical sponge, accidentally left inside a patient's body
The document discusses ventral hernias, including:
- Incidence and risk factors for ventral hernias
- Options for mesh placement during hernia repair surgery
- Types of prosthetic meshes used, including benefits and disadvantages of polypropylene, ePTFE, polyester, and absorbable barrier-coated meshes
- Studies comparing surgical outcomes and complications between different mesh types
This document discusses surgical techniques for treating transverse patellar fractures, including tension band wiring (TBW) and the Himawari method. TBW involves using K-wires and a figure-of-8 tension band wire to compress a displaced transverse fracture. The Himawari method was developed in Japan for comminuted fractures and uses self-locking pin sleeves and cables passed through the sleeves to provide rigid fixation of all fragments. Partial or total patellectomy may be required for comminuted fractures that cannot be reconstructed.
The document summarizes the evolution of bowel anastomosis techniques from the early 19th century to modern practices. It describes early techniques such as Glover's suture and Lembert's suture. Lembert introduced the concept of sero-serous sutures rather than muco-mucosal sutures. It also discusses modified techniques by Dupuytren, Jobert, Czerny, and Kocher. Modern techniques now use a double layer approach with synthetic absorbable sutures. Key considerations for a successful anastomosis include minimizing tension, ensuring blood supply is maintained, and allowing for physiological healing over 10-14 days.
Laparoscopic Suturing And Knotting Mob: 7289915430, www.drpradeepgargPradeep Garg
The document discusses laparoscopic suturing techniques. It recommends ipsilateral suturing as it is less fatiguing and more useful for procedures requiring many sutures, like myomectomy. Contralateral suturing is more fatiguing and can obstruct the camera and assistant. The document also provides recommendations for needle holders and suture materials used for laparoscopic suturing. It suggests box trainers are effective for teaching laparoscopic suturing skills as they provide realistic practice at a lower cost.
Limb Complex Multi system Injury (Mangled Extremity) is one of the most challenging problems in Orthopaedic surgery. Mangled Extremity is a limb with an injury to at least three out of four systems (soft tissue, bone, nerves, and vessels). Decision have to be made either amputation + Prosthesis or limb salvage procedure. The decision of Primary Amputation in the acute setting is difficult for the patient, family, & the treating surgical team. The majority of mangled extremities are potentially salvageable for which, in the acute setting, a treatment plan needs to be made.
Ulcerative colitis ppt easy med notes 2021 easyanatomy1
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon. The disease starts in the rectum and may spread throughout the entire large intestine. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and weight loss. The disease is thought to be caused by an immune system defect, genetic factors, and environmental triggers like diet and stress. Diagnosis involves blood tests, stool exams, and colonoscopy. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and includes medications, nutrition therapy, and sometimes surgery to remove the colon.
The presentation covered key aspects of laparoscopic suturing including equipment, ergonomics, intracorporeal and extracorporeal suturing techniques, and the use of staplers. Proper port positioning, needle handling skills, knot tying, and attention to ergonomics were emphasized as important for achieving competent laparoscopic tissue approximation. Different suture materials, needle types, and knot styles were reviewed along with their applications in laparoscopic procedures.
Gossypiboma, textiloma or more broadly Retained Foreign Object (RFO) is the technical term for a surgical complications resulting from foreign materials, such as a surgical sponge, accidentally left inside a patient's body
The document discusses ventral hernias, including:
- Incidence and risk factors for ventral hernias
- Options for mesh placement during hernia repair surgery
- Types of prosthetic meshes used, including benefits and disadvantages of polypropylene, ePTFE, polyester, and absorbable barrier-coated meshes
- Studies comparing surgical outcomes and complications between different mesh types
This document discusses surgical techniques for treating transverse patellar fractures, including tension band wiring (TBW) and the Himawari method. TBW involves using K-wires and a figure-of-8 tension band wire to compress a displaced transverse fracture. The Himawari method was developed in Japan for comminuted fractures and uses self-locking pin sleeves and cables passed through the sleeves to provide rigid fixation of all fragments. Partial or total patellectomy may be required for comminuted fractures that cannot be reconstructed.
This document discusses techniques for repairing rotator cuff tears arthroscopically. It begins by describing the classification of partial versus full thickness tears and massive tears involving two or more tendons. For massive contracted immobile tears, interval slides can be performed through the anterior and posterior intervals to regain mobility. Repair techniques depend on the tear pattern, such as side-to-side sutures for U-shaped tears or interval slides for massive immobile tears. Results of arthroscopic repair for massive tears show 84-94% excellent or good results according to several studies. The key is to match the repair technique to the tear morphology and mobility to minimize strain on the repair.
This document discusses various types of ventral hernias. It defines ventral hernias as hernias that occur in the abdominal wall. It then provides details on the anatomy of the abdominal wall and the pathophysiology of hernia formation. Several specific types of ventral hernias are described including epigastric, umbilical, incisional, lumbar, and parastomal hernias. For each type, the document outlines characteristics, clinical presentation, complications, and treatment approaches. Surgical repair is generally recommended, and mesh placement is often used to reinforce repairs.
This document discusses techniques for closing midline laparotomy incisions. It recommends mass closure using continuous slowly absorbable monofilament sutures placed 5-8mm from the wound edge and 4-5mm apart. A suture length to wound length ratio of 4:1 or greater should be used to minimize complications like wound dehiscence and incisional hernia. Proper technique and suture material can reduce surgical site infections, wound failures, and hernia rates.
Repair of incisional hernia! A anatomical and technical challenge.KETAN VAGHOLKAR
Incisional hernia is the most challenging problem in abdominal surgery. Open method provides the most sound and longlasting cure to the problem. The recurrence rate with a well done open technique is very low.
This document discusses the evolution of ventral hernia repair techniques over history. It begins with a definition of ventral hernia and risk factors. It then outlines the early history of hernia repair from ancient times through the 19th century, involving simple suturing and grafting techniques. The introduction of prosthetic mesh in the 1960s decreased recurrence rates compared to suturing. Various mesh placement techniques were developed, with sublay placement showing the lowest recurrence risk. More recent advancements discussed include laparoscopic repair, component separation techniques, and posterior component separation with transversus abdominis release for complex hernias.
A young infant presented with persistent vomiting and failure to thrive. Imaging showed malrotation of the gut with the superior mesenteric vein lying superior and lateral to the superior mesenteric artery. Further imaging found gastric volvulus, which was corrected surgically. Gastric volvulus can be primary due to laxity of ligaments, or secondary to anatomical abnormalities, and presents as epigastric pain, vomiting, and inability to pass a tube into the stomach.
The document discusses properties that surgeons should consider when choosing a mesh for hernia repair. Ideal meshes are lightweight, with large pores to reduce foreign body reaction and chronic pain. Monofilament meshes have the lowest risk of infection. For intraperitoneal placement, composite meshes may reduce adhesions by providing an absorbable surface. Overall, lightweight polypropylene or polyester meshes are generally suitable in most contexts by balancing strength, flexibility and biocompatibility.
This document discusses limb salvage surgery for trauma and tumor cases. For trauma, the key decisions are whether to attempt limb salvage or perform immediate amputation based on severity criteria. For tumors, advances in imaging, chemotherapy and surgery have made limb salvage the treatment of choice for most bone and soft tissue sarcomas when wide surgical margins can be obtained. Reconstructive options after tumor resection include allografts, prosthetics or combinations to preserve joint function when possible. Complications are higher for limb salvage but functional outcomes are generally better than amputation.
The document discusses surgical sutures and needles. It covers their properties, types, uses and techniques for placement and removal. Some key points include:
1) Sutures must be pliable, sterilized, non-reactive and have adequate tensile strength for wound healing. Absorbable sutures like Vicryl degrade over time while non-absorbables like nylon are permanent.
2) Needles come in different shapes, sizes and points for various tissue types. They have an eye, body and point.
3) Common suture techniques include simple interrupted, continuous, mattress and subcuticular closure. Knot security requires at least 4 throws.
4)
A general introduction to employment of utilities of meshes as surgical implant. Relevant biomaterial engineering basis are highlighted in context of current limitations of mesh-tissue integration and areas of ongoing translational scientific research.
1) Duodenal injuries are uncommon and difficult to diagnose and repair due to the duodenum's retroperitoneal location. The mortality rate for duodenal injuries is high.
2) Diagnosis of duodenal injuries requires a high index of suspicion as there is no single, fully accurate diagnostic test. CT scans, upper GI studies, and exploratory laparotomy can help diagnose duodenal injuries.
3) Treatment depends on the grade of the duodenal injury. Lower grade injuries may be treated with primary closure, tube duodenostomies, or jejunal patching. Higher grade injuries involving complete wall disruption may require duodenal resection or diversion procedures like duodenal divertic
The document discusses microvascular abdominal flap reconstruction for breast reconstruction. It outlines the advantages of abdominal autologous reconstruction using flaps such as DIEP (deep inferior epigastric perforator) flaps, which provide natural tissue that ages with the patient. DIEP flaps have become increasingly popular, providing optimal results for breast and abdominal reconstruction with minimal impact on the abdominal wall. Complications are generally minor and include fat necrosis, partial or total flap loss, and abdominal bulging or hernias.
1. A 60-year-old female presents with chest pain below her sternum that radiates to her left shoulder. The pain is worsened after eating spicy foods and is relieved with omeprazole.
2. She likely has gastroesophageal reflux disease exacerbated by a hiatal hernia, allowing stomach contents to enter her esophagus.
3. Surgical repair of symptomatic hiatal hernias can effectively address her symptoms through approaches like fundoplication to reduce reflux.
The document summarizes information about the spleen, including its anatomy, development, location in the body, blood supply, histology, and functions. It then discusses splenic trauma and injuries, describing grading scales for injuries and treatment approaches. For minor injuries, nonoperative management is often adequate but more severe injuries may require splenectomy or partial resection to control bleeding.
Knee arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera to look inside your knee. Small cuts are made to insert the camera and small surgical tools into your knee for the procedure. Knee arthroscopy is surgery that is done to check for problems, using a tiny camera to see inside your knee.
To know more, visit here-
https://delhiarthroscopy.com/
This document discusses techniques for breast reconstruction using prosthetic implants. It describes patient selection criteria, timing considerations for reconstruction, surgical techniques including tissue expansion and implant exchange, and goals for creating symmetry. The key steps are patient education, tissue expansion over multiple sessions to achieve adequate size, and careful implant selection and positioning to match the other breast.
This document discusses open and laparoscopic repair of incisional and ventral hernias. It provides information on risk factors, diagnosis, and various surgical techniques for hernia repair including open suture repair, open mesh repair techniques (onlay, inlay, retrorectus/Stoppa repair), and laparoscopic mesh repair. Complications of hernia repair such as seroma, infection, and chronic pain are also reviewed. The document emphasizes that mesh repair has been shown to have lower recurrence rates than suture repair alone and reviews tips for proper laparoscopic mesh handling and fixation to minimize complications.
Liver transplant In India by Dr. Abhideep Chaudhary, Sir Ganga Ram Hospitaldrabhideep
This presentation is related to Liver Transplant, Liver Failure, It's causes and remedy.
Here we also talk about liver transplant scenario in india and success rate of liver transplant both cadaver or living donor.
We also give a brief about the cost of liver transplant.
Dr. Abhideep Chaudhary, is liver transplant consultant/surgeon at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Email : drabhideep@yahoo.com , care@drabhideep.com
This document provides an overview of the evolution of inguinal hernia repair techniques. It begins with ancient methods from Egypt and the 18th century that used hernia belts. In the 19th century, advances in antisepsis and anesthesia allowed for improved anatomical knowledge and techniques like high ligation of the sac and narrowing of the internal ring. In 1887, Bassini's method was a breakthrough, and later modifications included Shouldice's technique and tension-free repairs using prosthetic mesh materials. Current gold standards are the Lichtenstein open repair and laparoscopic techniques like TAPP and TEP, which place mesh in the preperitoneal space to reinforce the abdominal wall defect.
IWO Meeting 1 November 2023 - Stopping with Denosumab and Romosozumab, basic mechanisms and clinical aspects door Prof. dr. S. Ferrari, Geneva, Switzerland. (Engelstalige lezing)
This document discusses techniques for repairing rotator cuff tears arthroscopically. It begins by describing the classification of partial versus full thickness tears and massive tears involving two or more tendons. For massive contracted immobile tears, interval slides can be performed through the anterior and posterior intervals to regain mobility. Repair techniques depend on the tear pattern, such as side-to-side sutures for U-shaped tears or interval slides for massive immobile tears. Results of arthroscopic repair for massive tears show 84-94% excellent or good results according to several studies. The key is to match the repair technique to the tear morphology and mobility to minimize strain on the repair.
This document discusses various types of ventral hernias. It defines ventral hernias as hernias that occur in the abdominal wall. It then provides details on the anatomy of the abdominal wall and the pathophysiology of hernia formation. Several specific types of ventral hernias are described including epigastric, umbilical, incisional, lumbar, and parastomal hernias. For each type, the document outlines characteristics, clinical presentation, complications, and treatment approaches. Surgical repair is generally recommended, and mesh placement is often used to reinforce repairs.
This document discusses techniques for closing midline laparotomy incisions. It recommends mass closure using continuous slowly absorbable monofilament sutures placed 5-8mm from the wound edge and 4-5mm apart. A suture length to wound length ratio of 4:1 or greater should be used to minimize complications like wound dehiscence and incisional hernia. Proper technique and suture material can reduce surgical site infections, wound failures, and hernia rates.
Repair of incisional hernia! A anatomical and technical challenge.KETAN VAGHOLKAR
Incisional hernia is the most challenging problem in abdominal surgery. Open method provides the most sound and longlasting cure to the problem. The recurrence rate with a well done open technique is very low.
This document discusses the evolution of ventral hernia repair techniques over history. It begins with a definition of ventral hernia and risk factors. It then outlines the early history of hernia repair from ancient times through the 19th century, involving simple suturing and grafting techniques. The introduction of prosthetic mesh in the 1960s decreased recurrence rates compared to suturing. Various mesh placement techniques were developed, with sublay placement showing the lowest recurrence risk. More recent advancements discussed include laparoscopic repair, component separation techniques, and posterior component separation with transversus abdominis release for complex hernias.
A young infant presented with persistent vomiting and failure to thrive. Imaging showed malrotation of the gut with the superior mesenteric vein lying superior and lateral to the superior mesenteric artery. Further imaging found gastric volvulus, which was corrected surgically. Gastric volvulus can be primary due to laxity of ligaments, or secondary to anatomical abnormalities, and presents as epigastric pain, vomiting, and inability to pass a tube into the stomach.
The document discusses properties that surgeons should consider when choosing a mesh for hernia repair. Ideal meshes are lightweight, with large pores to reduce foreign body reaction and chronic pain. Monofilament meshes have the lowest risk of infection. For intraperitoneal placement, composite meshes may reduce adhesions by providing an absorbable surface. Overall, lightweight polypropylene or polyester meshes are generally suitable in most contexts by balancing strength, flexibility and biocompatibility.
This document discusses limb salvage surgery for trauma and tumor cases. For trauma, the key decisions are whether to attempt limb salvage or perform immediate amputation based on severity criteria. For tumors, advances in imaging, chemotherapy and surgery have made limb salvage the treatment of choice for most bone and soft tissue sarcomas when wide surgical margins can be obtained. Reconstructive options after tumor resection include allografts, prosthetics or combinations to preserve joint function when possible. Complications are higher for limb salvage but functional outcomes are generally better than amputation.
The document discusses surgical sutures and needles. It covers their properties, types, uses and techniques for placement and removal. Some key points include:
1) Sutures must be pliable, sterilized, non-reactive and have adequate tensile strength for wound healing. Absorbable sutures like Vicryl degrade over time while non-absorbables like nylon are permanent.
2) Needles come in different shapes, sizes and points for various tissue types. They have an eye, body and point.
3) Common suture techniques include simple interrupted, continuous, mattress and subcuticular closure. Knot security requires at least 4 throws.
4)
A general introduction to employment of utilities of meshes as surgical implant. Relevant biomaterial engineering basis are highlighted in context of current limitations of mesh-tissue integration and areas of ongoing translational scientific research.
1) Duodenal injuries are uncommon and difficult to diagnose and repair due to the duodenum's retroperitoneal location. The mortality rate for duodenal injuries is high.
2) Diagnosis of duodenal injuries requires a high index of suspicion as there is no single, fully accurate diagnostic test. CT scans, upper GI studies, and exploratory laparotomy can help diagnose duodenal injuries.
3) Treatment depends on the grade of the duodenal injury. Lower grade injuries may be treated with primary closure, tube duodenostomies, or jejunal patching. Higher grade injuries involving complete wall disruption may require duodenal resection or diversion procedures like duodenal divertic
The document discusses microvascular abdominal flap reconstruction for breast reconstruction. It outlines the advantages of abdominal autologous reconstruction using flaps such as DIEP (deep inferior epigastric perforator) flaps, which provide natural tissue that ages with the patient. DIEP flaps have become increasingly popular, providing optimal results for breast and abdominal reconstruction with minimal impact on the abdominal wall. Complications are generally minor and include fat necrosis, partial or total flap loss, and abdominal bulging or hernias.
1. A 60-year-old female presents with chest pain below her sternum that radiates to her left shoulder. The pain is worsened after eating spicy foods and is relieved with omeprazole.
2. She likely has gastroesophageal reflux disease exacerbated by a hiatal hernia, allowing stomach contents to enter her esophagus.
3. Surgical repair of symptomatic hiatal hernias can effectively address her symptoms through approaches like fundoplication to reduce reflux.
The document summarizes information about the spleen, including its anatomy, development, location in the body, blood supply, histology, and functions. It then discusses splenic trauma and injuries, describing grading scales for injuries and treatment approaches. For minor injuries, nonoperative management is often adequate but more severe injuries may require splenectomy or partial resection to control bleeding.
Knee arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera to look inside your knee. Small cuts are made to insert the camera and small surgical tools into your knee for the procedure. Knee arthroscopy is surgery that is done to check for problems, using a tiny camera to see inside your knee.
To know more, visit here-
https://delhiarthroscopy.com/
This document discusses techniques for breast reconstruction using prosthetic implants. It describes patient selection criteria, timing considerations for reconstruction, surgical techniques including tissue expansion and implant exchange, and goals for creating symmetry. The key steps are patient education, tissue expansion over multiple sessions to achieve adequate size, and careful implant selection and positioning to match the other breast.
This document discusses open and laparoscopic repair of incisional and ventral hernias. It provides information on risk factors, diagnosis, and various surgical techniques for hernia repair including open suture repair, open mesh repair techniques (onlay, inlay, retrorectus/Stoppa repair), and laparoscopic mesh repair. Complications of hernia repair such as seroma, infection, and chronic pain are also reviewed. The document emphasizes that mesh repair has been shown to have lower recurrence rates than suture repair alone and reviews tips for proper laparoscopic mesh handling and fixation to minimize complications.
Liver transplant In India by Dr. Abhideep Chaudhary, Sir Ganga Ram Hospitaldrabhideep
This presentation is related to Liver Transplant, Liver Failure, It's causes and remedy.
Here we also talk about liver transplant scenario in india and success rate of liver transplant both cadaver or living donor.
We also give a brief about the cost of liver transplant.
Dr. Abhideep Chaudhary, is liver transplant consultant/surgeon at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Email : drabhideep@yahoo.com , care@drabhideep.com
This document provides an overview of the evolution of inguinal hernia repair techniques. It begins with ancient methods from Egypt and the 18th century that used hernia belts. In the 19th century, advances in antisepsis and anesthesia allowed for improved anatomical knowledge and techniques like high ligation of the sac and narrowing of the internal ring. In 1887, Bassini's method was a breakthrough, and later modifications included Shouldice's technique and tension-free repairs using prosthetic mesh materials. Current gold standards are the Lichtenstein open repair and laparoscopic techniques like TAPP and TEP, which place mesh in the preperitoneal space to reinforce the abdominal wall defect.
IWO Meeting 1 November 2023 - Stopping with Denosumab and Romosozumab, basic mechanisms and clinical aspects door Prof. dr. S. Ferrari, Geneva, Switzerland. (Engelstalige lezing)
1) DXA scanning is a reliable and low-radiation method to measure bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, hip, and wrist to diagnose osteoporosis.
2) DXA can also detect vertebral fractures (VFA) and measure whole body composition, abdominal fat, and aortic calcification.
3) Interpretation of DXA results requires attention to potential variability between devices, accurate placement of regions of interest, and use of appropriate reference data since BMD can be under or overestimated in certain patients.
This document summarizes osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) associated with antiresorptive agents. It defines ONJ and stages its severity. It discusses the pathogenesis of ONJ and risk factors like underlying disease, treatment duration, and dental procedures. Cancer patients on intravenous bisphosphonates have the highest ONJ risk of 1-8% due to higher drug doses and worse oral/general health. Management involves conservative measures like mouthwashes for early stages and surgery with antibiotics for later stages. Discontinuing antiresorptives may help healing but risks fractures. Teriparatide may help healing in some cases but its use in cancer is uncertain. More research is needed on preventing and treating established ON
This systematic review analyzed 895 cases of tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) from case reports. TIO is caused by tumors that produce excess fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which causes hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia. The review found that TIO mostly affects adults aged 40-60 years old, with long diagnostic delays of several years on average. The tumors were located variably but most commonly in the lower limbs or head and neck region. Higher FGF23 levels correlated with larger tumor size. Patients experienced significant bone fragility and fracture rates as high as 60% due to long-term hypophosphatemia. Early tumor detection and removal are important to improve outcomes for
This document discusses real-world evidence on denosumab for osteoporosis treatment and fracture prevention. It summarizes several studies, including one that found denosumab reduced fracture risk by 38% compared to placebo in over 25,000 postmenopausal women. Another study showed good long-term persistence with denosumab therapy in over 800 patients. Additional studies observed that zoledronic acid can prevent bone loss following denosumab discontinuation, and bisphosphonate treatment after denosumab provides protection against new vertebral fractures.
IWO Meeting 16 November 2022 - ASBMR young talent: Silvia Storoni (Amsterdam): Prevalence and Hospital Admissions in Patients With Osteogenesis Imperfecta in The Netherlands: A Nationwide Registry Study
The document appears to be a presentation on highlights from the ASBMR 2021 conference in San Diego. It discusses several topics that were covered at the conference, including fracture risk assessment, the effects of various osteoporosis treatments on bone mineral density, safety issues like osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures, the role of vitamin D, and applications of artificial intelligence. The entire document is copyrighted by Prof. Dr. Joop van den Bergh.
This document discusses guidelines for medication to prevent fractures in patients using glucocorticoids. It notes that glucocorticoids significantly increase the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. While effective anti-osteoporosis drugs are available, many glucocorticoid-treated patients remain untreated. The document reviews new guidelines that simplify treatment criteria to improve implementation and outlines recommendations for when to start bone-sparing medications based on patient factors and glucocorticoid dose and duration. The goal is to optimize fracture prevention in glucocorticoid-treated patients.
This document discusses what actions should be taken when a vertebral fracture is discovered incidentally. It notes that vertebral fractures are very common fractures, especially in older individuals, and are often asymptomatic. Having a vertebral fracture significantly increases one's risk for future fractures both in the short and long term. If a vertebral fracture is found incidentally, such as on a CT scan, further investigation is warranted including assessing bone mineral density and checking for underlying bone diseases. Treatment options should also be considered, especially if the individual has low bone density in addition to the vertebral fracture, as this combination confers the highest risk. New automated detection algorithms aim to help identify vertebral fractures on scans to ensure appropriate follow up for individuals.
This document summarizes a cost-effectiveness model of Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) care in the Netherlands. The model found that FLS care would be highly cost-effective, with a cost of €9,076 per quality-adjusted life year gained. Total 5-year costs with FLS would be only 1.7% higher than current costs but would prevent fractures and improve health outcomes. The model can help decision-makers prioritize secondary fracture prevention and allow local payers and FLS to predict costs and benefits of implementation.
More from Stichting Interdisciplinaire Werkgroep Osteoporose (20)
1. Over Wervelfracturen, naar aanleiding van
Richtlijn Osteoporose en Fractuurpreventie,
derde herziening (2011, www.cbo.nl)
IWO Hoge Landen meeting
Prof Dr Willem F Lems,
Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum en JBI/Reade
19 November 2011
2. Implementatie
• Over barriers,
facilitators, etc.
Grol et al, Lancet 2003
3. • Incidentie van radiologische
wervelfracturen is veel hoger
dan van heup- en pols
fracturen!
4. Vertebral fractures are often not recognized!
Only 1 out of 5 are adequately diagnosed and treated!
140 132
120
100
Patiënts(n)
80 65
60
40 23 25
20
0 Fracture Fracture in Fracture in Treatment
(expert) radiology report patient for osteoporosis
record
n=934 women >60 jaar
Gehlbach et al, Osteoporos Int 2000; 11: 577-582
5. Het diagnostiseren van een wervelfractuur is moeilijker
dan van een perifere fractuur!
• Wervelfractuur • Perifere fractuur:
• soms na trauma; • trauma;
• niet altijd pijnlijk; • heftige pijn;
• gradueel; • all or none;
• kan recidiveren op zelfde • recidief zeldzaam;
plaats;
• leidt tot continue
• geen definitieve
vormverandering.
vormverandering.
6. Why are Vertebral Fractures often not recognized? (1)
- Diagnosing vertebral fractures is more difficult than nonvertebral fractures
- Vertebral fractures are often overlooked at radiographs
- The diagnosis vertebral fracture can be overruled by another diagnosis
- Missing the clinical relevance of diagnosing vertebral fractures
`
Lems WF. Annals Rheum Dis,2007, Editorial
7. Why are Vertebral Fractures often not recognized? (2)
- Diagnosing vertebral fractures is more difficult than nonvertebral fractures
- Vertebral fractures are often overlooked at radiographs
- The diagnosis vertebral fracture can be overruled by another diagnosis
- Missing the clinical relevance of diagnosing vertebral fractures
Maar ook:
- Omdat geen beeldvorming (LVA/rontgen) wordt aangevraagd bij de
diagnostiek naar verhoogd fractuurrisico bij een patient met risicofactoren
voor fracturen, conform CBO 2011.
8. Symptomen wervelfracturen
• Heftige rugpijn bij bewegen, afname pijn bij liggen.
• Normaliter geleidelijke afname van de pijn na 2-6
weken.
• Aspecifieke rugklachten, verandering zwaartepunt,
angst;
• Asymptomatisch: “vertebral fractures can be
associated with severe pain, but only one third of
vertebral fractures correspond to a symptomatic
period” (Cooper 1992)
9. Dagen met rugpijn tijdens de observatieperiode,
SOF-study
Matige rugpijn Ernstige rugpijn
400
300
Dagen
200
100
0
Geen Radiologisch Klinische
nieuwe nieuwe fractuur nieuwe fractuur
fractuur
Nevitt et al. Ann Intern Med 160: 77-85 ( 2000)
10. Beperkte activiteit en immobilisatie in SOF-study
Beperkte activiteit Immobilisatie
100
% patiënten
75
50
25
0
Geen nieuwe Radiologisch Klinische
fractuur nieuwe nieuwe
fractuur fractuur
Nevitt et al. Ann Intern Med 160: 77-85 ( 2000)
11. Prevalente wervelfracturen verminderen
Health-Related Quality Of Life (HRQOL)
100
90
Gemiddelde OPAQ score
80
70 Geen wervelfractuur
60 1 wervelfractuur
50 2 wervelfracturen
40 3 wervelfracturen
30 > 4 wervelfracturen
20
10
0
fysieke emotionele klachten totale
functie status HRQOL
Silverman et al, Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44(11):
2611-2619
12. Botmineraaldichtheid en
ernst van osteoporose (WHO criteria)
BMD
(g/cm2)
Piek
Bot
Massa
T-‐Score*
1.2
(SD)
1.1
Normale
botmassa
1.0
0.9
0
0.8 - 1.0
Osteopenie
0.7
-2.5
0.6
0.5 O
S
T
E
O
P
O
R
O
S
E
0.4
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Lee;ijd
*T-‐score:
de
afwijking
van
de
me/ng
t.o.v.
de
normale
waarden
van
jongvolwassenen
(piekbotmassa),
uitgedrukt
in
standaarddevia/es
(SD)
13. Wat is Osteoporose?
Normale Afname botmassa Afname architectuur
hoeveelheid bot
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16. LVA: Lateral Vertebral Assessment
• In 20% van de patienten met
osteopenie, werd een
wervelfractuur vastgesteld.
Netelenbos J, Lems WF, Ost
Int 2009
17.
18. Relative Risk for Future Fractures in patients with a prevalent
vertebral deformity
(corrected for age and BMD)
5
4,5
4
3,5
3
vertebral
2,5
hip
2
wrist
1,5
1
0,5
0
vertebral hip wrist
SOF, Black et al, J Bone Min Res 1999: 821-828
19. Relatief Risico op toekomstige fracturen,
gerelateerd aan aantal prevalente werveldeformiteiten
12
10
8
wervel
6
heup
4 pols
2
0
1 2 3
SOF, Black et al, J Bone Min Res 1999: 821-828
20. Relatief Risico op toekomstige fracturen,
gerelateerd aan ernst werveldeformiteiten
14
12
10
8 wervel
6 heup
pols
4
2
0
3-5SD 5-7D 7-9SD >9SD
SOF, Black et al, J Bone Min Res 1999: 821-828
21. Vertebral fractures increase the
risk for hip fractures over 3-4 years
5
4
Relative Risk
3
2
1
0
Melton '99 Gunnes '98 Black '99 Ismail ‘01
clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture Melton et al. Osteoporos Int 1999; 10: 214-222.
Gunnes et al. Acta Orthop Scand 1999; 69: 508-512.
radiologically diagnosed vertebral fracture Black et al. JBMR1999; 14: 821-828.
Ismail et al. Osteoporisis Int 2001; 12: 85-90.
23. Welke diagnostiek is nodig/gewenst bij
a) een patient van 50 jaar en ouder met een fractuur?
b) een patient van 60 jaar en ouder met risicofactoren zonder
recente fractuur?
• Een DXA van lumbale wervelkolom en heup;
• Beeldvorming van de wervelkolom (LVA of
rontgenfoto);
• Evaluatie Valrisico;
• Onderzoek naar Secundaire Osteoporose.
23
24. Effective drugs available!
Nearly all studies included postmenopausal women with vertebral
fractures, 1 study with hip fracture patients (zoledronate) and FIT 2
(alendronate, no vertebral fractures)
No studies with non vert- non hipfracture as entry criterium!.
25. Wervelfracturen en VFA
(vertebral fracture assessment)
• Aanbeveling: Radiologen wordt geadviseerd de mate van
wervelinzakking te rapporteren volgens de methode van Genant;
• Markering van de wervels aan de voor-, midden- en achterzijde van
de eindplaten van iedere individuele wervel;
• Indeling deformiteit naar mate van hoogteverlies: in trials, > 20%
hoogterverlies is fractuur.
Genant et al, JBMR 1993
25
27. Nadelen VFA (2)
• Sensitiviteit 63-93% voor graad 2 en 3, versus 52-68%
voor graad 1;
• Specificiteit: 93-99% voor graad 2 en 3, versus 89-94%
voor graad 1
• (Rea 2000, Schousbou 2006 a)
28. Nadelen VFA (3)
• Schousboe: analyse per patient:
• Sensitiviteit 88% en specificiteit 93% voor graad 2 of 3:
PPV 52% en NPV 99%
• Echter bij populatie met prevalentie 20%:
• PPV 76% en NPV 97%.
29. VFA en CBO
• Rontgenfoto: drempelwaarde behandelingsindicatie:
25%;
- VFA: meer dan 40% hoogteverlies: behandelingsindicatie;
- VFA: 25-40% hoogteverlies: rontgenfoto maken voor
bevestiging.
• Radiologen wordt geadviseerd te rapporteren volgens
Genant-methode.