Hiv natural origin drugs
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This document summarizes natural treatments for AIDS, including bitter melon, licorice, echinacea, and cat's claw. It provides details on their proposed mechanisms for inhibiting HIV and considerations for their use. The document also lists immune boosters like aloe vera and discusses new discoveries and updates related to treating AIDS naturally. The conclusion emphasizes that prevention is better than cure for AIDS and a healthy lifestyle can help prevent infection. Natural remedies may serve as alternatives or preventives, though they are not necessarily cures.
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Chemotherapy of HIV/AIDS
Introduction to HIV/AIDS
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unit 4 immunoblotting technique complete.pptx
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Images and Charts: Google Search Results
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I understand the desire to feel intimacy without barriers. However, it's still important to protect your partner's health. While your viral load is undetectable, there's a small risk of transmission. Perhaps you could discuss other ways to be intimate that don't involve semen exchange, and continue using condoms for penetrative sex to further minimize risk. Your partner's well-being is important too. Overall health and trust in your relationship should be the priority here.
Anti viral agents ppt
Anti viral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections.Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, smallest of all self replicating organisms, able to pass through filter that retain the smallest bacteria.Virus conduct no metabolic process on their own.They invade the host cell which may be bacteria, animal or plant cell.
Hiv
This slides describe the etiology,structure of HIV,clinical features,diagnosis and management of AIDS.
AIDS
HIV causes AIDS by infecting immune cells and weakening the immune system. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be prevented by safe sex practices and not sharing needles. The virus attaches to CD4 receptors and integrates its DNA into host cells. This leads to reduced CD4 counts and opportunistic infections defining AIDS. Treatment involves antiretrovirals that target different stages of the viral lifecycle to suppress the virus and ART to control the disease.
immunodeficiency_diseases.pptx
Primary immunodeficiency diseases are genetic disorders that affect the immune system and cause recurrent infections in infants and children. Over 95 such diseases have been identified that involve deficiencies in white blood cells, antibodies, or the complement system. Left untreated, affected children rarely survive to adulthood. Treatment involves antibiotics, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or gene therapy depending on the specific immune deficiency. Secondary immunodeficiencies are acquired conditions such as cancer, HIV, or medications that impair immune function. Proper infection control and avoiding illness are important for managing both primary and secondary immunodeficiencies.
Gene therapy
Novel approach to treat, cure or ultimately prevent a disease by changing the expression of a person’s genes
Impact of biotechnology
Most developments in biotechnology originated for their potential applications in health care.
Contributions of biotechnology are more frequent, more notable and more rewarding in health sector.
Aids
HIV causes AIDS by infecting and destroying helper T cells of the immune system. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be prevented by safe sex practices and not sharing drug needles. While there is no cure for AIDS, treatment aims to suppress HIV replication with antiretroviral drugs and manage opportunistic infections. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) uses a combination of different classes of antiretroviral drugs including nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, CCR5 receptor antagonists, and integrase inhibitors. Long term adherence to HAART can effectively suppress HIV and prolong the lives of
Antiviral
Antiviral drugs treat specific viral infections by targeting different parts of the viral lifecycle. They include reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and nucleosides for HIV; amantadine, oseltamivir, and zanamivir for influenza; and acyclovir, ganciclovir, and valacyclovir for herpes and cytomegalovirus. Most antivirals have limited safety data during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to a lack of studies, so their use should be restricted to situations where benefits outweigh risks. Common side effects include nausea, headache, and renal or liver dysfunction.
AIDS
This document discusses anti-HIV/AIDS drugs. It provides an overview of HIV infection and treatment, describing the virus structure, life cycle, and pathogenesis. AIDS is defined as acquired immune deficiency caused by HIV destroying CD4 cells. Various classes of antiretroviral drugs are classified including nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, entry inhibitors, and integrase inhibitors. Each drug class is explained with examples, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects.
Immunity
The document defines and compares innate, acquired, active, and passive immunity. It describes the mechanisms of innate immunity like epithelial surfaces and cellular factors. It also explains the types of acquired immunity including natural and artificial active immunity induced by infection or vaccination, as well as natural and artificial passive immunity from maternal antibody transfer or administration of antibodies.
Anti-HIV standard regimens and newer drugs
all the data presented in this presentation is authentic from WHO website and Pharmacology book goodman gillman's Basic of therapeutics
Antiviral agents
ANTIVIRAL AGENTS.
It is for pharmacy students of 6th sem in medicinal chemistry.
This presentation is according to PCI sllaybus.
Antivirals
I have tried to provide an outline regarding the general antivirals available in our country..and discussed regarding MOA,indications and Therapeutic uses.
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Phasesofclincaltrials.
Clinical trials involve several phases of testing new medical interventions in human subjects to generate safety and efficacy data. Phase 0 trials involve microdosing to determine pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Phase I trials use small patient groups to determine maximum tolerated dose. Phase II trials screen for activity, safety and feasibility in larger patient groups. Phase III trials are large randomized controlled trials that compare new treatments to standard treatments. Phase IV trials monitor long-term safety and effectiveness if the treatment is approved. The goal is to progress from exploratory to definitive assessment through each phase to provide evidence for approval or non-approval of the new medical intervention.
Schedule y
This document outlines the rules and regulations for conducting clinical trials and importing or manufacturing new drugs in India. It discusses the various forms and permissions required, including Form 44 for new drug approval and Form 12 for importing study drugs. It also describes the responsibilities of sponsors, investigators, and ethics committees. The document explains the different phases of clinical trials from human pharmacology to post-marketing surveillance. It lists the data that must be submitted with applications and included in clinical study reports.
schedule y
This document outlines the requirements and guidelines for conducting clinical trials and obtaining permission to import or manufacture new drugs in India. It discusses the need to frame guidelines for clinical research and regulation of new drugs. Key points include that clinical trials require permission from the licensing authority and approval from ethics committees. Sponsors must submit various data on the drug and trials must be conducted according to Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Informed consent is required from all subjects and safety of subjects must be protected at all stages of the drug development and approval process. Trials generally proceed through Phases I-III to evaluate safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing.
adverse drug reactions management
The document outlines procedures for identifying, recording, and reporting adverse reactions and serious adverse reactions that may occur during clinical trials. It defines key terms like adverse events, adverse reactions, serious adverse reactions, and suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions. It describes the responsibilities of investigators and sponsors in assessing adverse events, reporting serious adverse reactions to licensing authorities within 14 days, and ensuring medical care for subjects experiencing adverse reactions. Flowcharts are provided to illustrate the processes for identifying adverse reactions and determining expectedness and implications for reporting.
Seminar on Teratogenicity by Sumaraja
The document is a seminar paper on tests for teratogenicity presented by Sumangali M to fulfill requirements for a Master of Pharmacy degree from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad. It includes definitions of teratogenicity and teratology, principles of teratology, descriptions of critical periods in fetal development, and discussions of several known historical teratogens including thalidomide, Accutane, diethylstilbestrol, and alcohol.
Jcinvest00098 0136
This study examined the effects of administering vasopressin at different times of day on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels in humans. Volunteers received increasing doses of vasopressin intravenously either in the evening at 2200h and morning at 0700h, or with times reversed. ACTH levels increased with higher vasopressin doses. Morning ACTH responses were greater than evening responses, as measured by peak levels, area under the curve, and sensitivity of the dose response. The findings suggest vasopressin stimulation of ACTH can be used to assay endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and that CRF levels have a diurnal rhythm in the
Hyaluronidase
This document compares different methods for assaying hyaluronidase enzyme preparations, including a biological skin diffusion assay and two physicochemical assays (viscosimetric and turbidimetric). Seven different hyaluronidase preparations were assayed using all three methods. The results showed reasonable correlation between the biological assay and viscosimetric assay, but poorer correlation with the turbidimetric assay. The nature of the hyaluronate substrate did not significantly affect the viscosimetric assay results for most preparations, except one streptococcal preparation which showed higher activity on purified substrate.
Histamine
This document describes a technique for bioassaying histamine in the presence of prostaglandins using an Amberlite XAD-2 column. The column removes prostaglandins, rabbit aorta contracting substance, and possibly slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, but allows histamine to pass through. Two banks of bioassay organs (rabbit aorta strip, rat stomach strip, guinea pig ileum) are used, with one bank above the column and one below. This allows accurate measurement of histamine levels in samples also containing prostaglandins and other substances that interfere with histamine bioassay. The method was tested using effluent from shocked, perfused guinea pig lungs and showed improved accuracy
Ach1
This document describes modifications made to the bioassay method for quantitatively measuring acetylcholine. The modifications include developing a simple, inexpensive photoelectric apparatus that provides more reliable results than the standard smoked drum method. The apparatus uses a photoelement connected by lever to a muscle bath, so muscle contractions alter the light falling on the photoelement and allow direct measurement of contraction strength. Calibration curves demonstrate the apparatus provides linear measurements of acetylcholine levels between 50-200 ng for frog muscle and 5-20 ng for leech muscle. The modified method is described as being as sensitive as standard assays but providing easier, more reproducible quantification of acetylcholine.
Vaso1
1) Two techniques, bioassay and radioimmunoassay, are used to measure levels of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) but radioimmunoassay is more sensitive and specific.
2) Basal circulating levels of AVP are very low, below the detection limit of most assays, so urinary concentrations are studied instead as a proxy for plasma levels. Patterns of urinary excretion correlate with known stimuli and disorders of AVP secretion.
3) The two techniques generally show close correlation, though radioimmunoassay sometimes detects slightly higher levels, possibly due to non-specific interference rather than biologically inactive fragments.
Ach
This document describes an enzymatic assay kit for quantitatively measuring acetylcholine concentration in biological samples. The kit uses acetylcholinesterase to hydrolyze acetylcholine to choline, which is then oxidized to produce a product that reacts with a dye to generate a color (colorimetric assay) or fluorescence (fluorimetric assay). The intensity is directly proportional to the acetylcholine concentration and can be used to calculate the amount in samples. The kit provides a simple, direct, and high-throughput method for acetylcholine detection with applications in drug discovery and studies of acetylcholine metabolism.
Principles of drug discovery
The document summarizes the principles of drug discovery, including the following key points:
1) Drug discovery is a lengthy, expensive, and inefficient process involving target identification, screening, preclinical testing, and clinical trials that can take over 10 years from initial compound to approved drug.
2) Natural products, especially from plants, microbes, and marine organisms, have historically been an important source of leads for drug discovery due to their chemical diversity.
3) The modern drug discovery process involves high-throughput screening of large libraries of synthetic compounds and natural products to identify initial hits, which are then optimized in the hit-to-lead phase through medicinal chemistry and further testing.
Principles of drug discovery
The document discusses the principles and process of drug discovery, which involves identifying a target, screening compounds, preclinical testing, and clinical trials. It takes an average of 12-15 years and $600-800 million to bring a new drug to market. Key stages include target identification and validation, screening compounds through various techniques, preclinical studies in animals, and clinical trials in phases I-III to test safety and efficacy in humans. Novel approaches like microarrays, peptidomimetics, pharmacogenomics, and cheminformatics can aid the drug discovery process.
Progestins
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new biological targets by prathyusha .m
This document discusses new biological targets for drug development. It begins by defining biological targets and describing common targets such as G protein-coupled receptors, enzymes, and ligand-gated ion channels. Specific examples of new targets discussed include macrophages for HIV drugs, proteins involved in insulin signaling for diabetes therapies, and the cytokine IL-23 for inflammatory bowel disease. The document also mentions research into new targets for skin cancer, cardiovascular disease, and general efforts to identify novel drug targets from biological systems.
pharmacogenomics by rajesh .I
This document summarizes a seminar on pharmacogenomics and its promise for personalized medicine. Pharmacogenomics uses DNA analysis to target drugs to specific patient populations based on their genetic makeup. It aims to increase drug safety and efficacy by individualizing treatment. Recent research has applied pharmacogenomic approaches to develop personalized therapies for conditions like HIV, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and depression. While pharmacogenomics faces scientific hurdles, it has the potential to enhance drug discovery, development, and outcomes by identifying genetic factors influencing drug targets and individual responses.
Bio assay of d-tubocurarine
Bioassays are used to determine the potency of drugs when chemical assays are not available or sufficient. They involve comparing the biological effects of a test drug to a reference standard. Three common bioassay methods include end point assays which measure the threshold dose, matching assays which bracket test doses between standard doses, and graphical assays which plot dose-response curves. Important drugs assayed include digitalis, adrenaline, acetylcholine, and antagonists. Assays use tissues like cat blood pressure, guinea pig ileum, rat uterus to measure relevant pharmacological effects like changes in blood pressure or muscle contraction.
Genomics
Pharmacogenetics is the study of how an individual's genetic makeup impacts their response to medications. It considers how well medicines work and what side effects may occur based on a person's genes. Pharmacogenetics aims to develop personalized medicine by tailoring drug selection and dosages to a patient's genetic profile to maximize effectiveness and minimize adverse reactions. Current applications include determining drug responses for cardiac, respiratory, and psychiatric conditions.
Sujana ppt
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Hiv natural origin drugs
- 2. NATURAL TREATMENT FOR AIDS Presented by Vedasree Reddy.Police 10T21SO112 Under the Guidance of Mrs.SharadhaSrikanth M.Pharm
- 3. Contents: Types What does AIDS means Definition of Immunodeficiency Disorders Etiological Agent Structure of HIV Steps of progression Diagnosis List of Natural Drugs Immune Boosters New Discoveries and updates
- 4. ImmunoDeficiencyDisorder: Failure or deficiency of immune system which manifests by occurrence of repeated infections in individuals with immune deficiency diseases.
- 9. HIV-2
- 15. LICORICE
- 16. ECHINACEA
- 20. Avoid in bleeding disorder
- 21. Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
- 25. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should not take licorice.
- 26. Use of any licorice product is not recommended for longer than 4 - 6 weeks.
- 27. ECHINACEA: flowering plant of genus purpurea of family astraceae.
- 29. Allergic reactions like asthma attack and leucopenia are seen.
- 30. Use along with hepatotoxic drugs is avoided.
- 33. Pronounced enhancement effect on PHAGOCYTOSIS.
- 36. Astragalus
- 37. Ginkgo
- 38. Ginger
- 39. Garlic
- 41. Calendula