HIV- HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
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This document presents a case study of a 14-year-old female patient diagnosed with HIV Stage III. She presents with a cough producing yellow sputum, oral lesions, and a history of recurrent respiratory infections. Laboratory tests confirm HIV and show anemia and lymphadenopathy. She is prescribed antiretrovirals including zidovudine, stavudine, and tenofovir to treat her HIV infection. Didanosine is suggested as an alternative to stavudine due to a drug interaction. The patient is educated on following her medication plan and making lifestyle changes after discharge.
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Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver that is commonly caused by viral infections. The main types of viral hepatitis are A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water while hepatitis B, C, and D are transmitted through blood or bodily fluids. Common symptoms include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Diagnosis involves liver function tests and identification of viral antigens or antibodies. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs and managing symptoms, with goals of suppressing virus replication and preventing long-term liver damage. Complications can include chronic liver conditions like cirrhosis or liver cancer if not properly treated.
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HIV causes AIDS by infecting immune cells and weakening the immune system. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be prevented by safe sex practices and not sharing needles. The virus attaches to CD4 receptors and integrates its DNA into host cells. This leads to reduced CD4 counts and opportunistic infections defining AIDS. Treatment involves antiretrovirals that target different stages of the viral lifecycle to suppress the virus and ART to control the disease.
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- Diagnosis involves antibody and RNA testing to confirm. People at high risk should be screened.
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This document discusses HIV and opportunistic infections. It defines HIV as a virus that destroys immune cells, leaving the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections. Opportunistic infections are caused by various germs that typically do not cause disease in healthy individuals. Some common opportunistic infections in HIV patients include thrush, toxoplasmosis, and bacterial infections. The best way to prevent opportunistic infections is by taking antiretroviral drugs to suppress HIV and strengthen the immune system.
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This document provides an overview of HIV/AIDS, including its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and future drugs in development. It states that approximately 36.7 million people worldwide are living with HIV, including 1.8 million children. Clinical manifestations in early infection include flu-like symptoms, while later stages involve weight loss, fever, diarrhea, and neurological effects. Diagnosis involves antibody testing, CD4 counts, and viral load measurements. Current antiretroviral treatments target reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase. Future drugs discussed include PRO-140, an entry inhibitor in Phase 3 trials, gene therapy product Lexgenleucel-T in Phase 2 trials, and pre-exposure pro
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YouTube channel link for more such content-
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CDSCO.pdf
A BRIEF OVERVIEW ABOUT CDSCO.
YOU CAN DOWNLOAD FILES FROM HERE-
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https://www.slideshare.net/varshawadnere
IF YOU HAVE ANY DOUBTS YOU CAN ASK ME THROUGH EMAIL-
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THANK YOU.
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HIV- HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
- 1. HIV- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Presented by: 1. Aditi Tekade PD325 2. Ganesh There PD326 3. Aanya Verma PD327 4. Varsha Wadnere PD328 HIV- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Presented by: Varsha Wadnere PD328
- 2. • What Is HIV? HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases.
- 3. • Causes:
- 4. Stages of HIV Infection: ■ Stages of Infection – (assuming no treatment) ... ■ Stage 1: Infection. ... ■ Stage 2: Asymptomatic. ... ■ Stage 3: Symptomatic. ...Over time the immune system becomes damaged and weakened by HIV and symptoms develop. Initially they can be mild but they do worsen, symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, mouth ulcers, thrush and severe diarrhea ■ 4: AIDS/Progression of HIV to AIDS.
- 7. • Patient Details: ■ AGE :14 ■ SEX:Female ■ Weight:35kg ■ Height:142cm ■ BMI:17.9
- 8. Subjective Data: ■ Cough: Insidious onset ■ productive-yellow colored sputum. ■ Blood stained ■ more in recumbent posture ■ Fever : intermittent high grade no chills or rigors ■ Oral lesions- white in color not associated with pain with gradually increasing in nature.
- 9. Objective Data: ■ Hb:8.1g% ■ TC : 240ocells cells / cum D ■ C : N68 L28 E3 ■ PLATELETS : 3-3 lakhs ■ Mantoux: Negative ■ HIV ( Elisa ):Positive ■ Thro for fungus : negative ■ Sputum for AFB : negative ■ CXR : B / L basal bronchiectasis CT thorax : B / L bronchiectasis and features of infective bronchiolitis . B / L hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy
- 10. Assessment: ■ Final diagnosis- HIV Stage III
- 11. Past History: ■ Scaly skin lesions over both legs :3 years ■ Recurrent respiratory infections:1 12 years ■ Similar oral lesions: 1Year ■ Loose mucoid stools , on & off : 1 year ■ P/H/ O febrile seizures was on regular AED'S till 3 years of age .
- 12. Goals of Treatment: ■ People living with HIV should be active participant in their health management and requires an understanding of the HIV infection, management and treatment. ■ Attention to growth , nutrition and immunization of child . ■ Treatment and prevention of opportunistic infections Antiretroviral therapy .
- 13. Tab. Cotrimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim): • INDICATION: treatment for pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia • ADR: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, seizures. • CONTRAINDICATION: hypersensitivity • INTERACTION: ACE inhibitors ,amiodarone, anti-diabetic drugs. • DOSE: 15TMP/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 3 times.
- 14. Tab. ISONIAZID (10-15mg) • INDICATION : treatment for TB (highly recommended for all children living with HIV) • ADVERSE DRUG REACTION: increased serum transaminase level, anorexia, dizziness and Hepatotoxicity. • CONTRAINDICATION: acute liver disease, fatal hepatitis. • INTERACTION: Antacids, corticosteroids.
- 15. Tab. Zidovudine (300mg) • INDICATION : treatment for HIV. • ADVERSE DRUG REACTION: anorexia, weakness, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting. • CONTRAINDICATIONS: fatty liver disease, bone marrow suppression. • INTERACTIONS: Probenecid, fluconazole and ganciclovir.
- 16. Tab. Stavudine (30mg) • INDICATION :treatment for HIV. • ADVERSE DRUG REACTION: abdominal pain, vomiting, anxiety, fever. • CONTRAINDICATIONS: pancreatitis, immune reconstitution syndrom. • INTERACTIONS: zidovudine, metronidazole, isoniazid.
- 17. Tab. Tenofovir (100mg) • INDICATION: treatment for HIV. • ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS: abdominal pain, increase creatinine kinase, insomnia, depression, dizziness. • CONTRAINDICATIONS: nephrotoxicity, immune reconstitution syndrome, decrease bone mineral density. • INTERACTIONS: Atazanavir, adefovir.
- 18. • PLANNING: 1. Monitoring parameters :serum potassium level, creatinine level and CBC. 2. Discharge medication : patient not yet discharged. 3. Therapeutic monitoring : Blood glucose level , PH , Bicarbonate
- 19. • Point To Physician: ■ Tab. Stavudine is having interaction with Zidovudine and Isoniazid. ALTERNATE THERAPY- Tab. Didanosine(200mg)
- 20. Tab. Didanosine (200mg) • INDICATION: treatment for HIV • ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS: GI disturbances, peripheral neuropathy, abnormal LFT. • CONTRAINDICATIONS: Pancreatitis, severe hepatomegaly, immune reconstitution syndrome. • INTERACTIONS: Allopurinol, Indinavir, Ribavirin.
- 21. • Point to Patient: 1.Guide her about post discharge medication. 2.Guide her about the diet. 3.Guide her about the lifestyle.
- 23. Thank You