History's precedents
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This document summarizes the history of major human societies from 50,000 years ago to the rise of early modern empires. It describes how early human groups migrated along coastlines as languages developed. Some societies became dominant due to abundant resources and easier diffusion of ideas within Eurasia. The Fertile Crescent declined after forests were cleared, while China isolated itself and fell behind innovations. Power shifted to empires like Greece, Rome, and Spain through military conquests and colonial expansion enabled by discoveries like Columbus' voyage to the New World in 1492.
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Trabajo sciencien alberto, dani, jesus y sergio 3º trimestre rome
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The document summarizes the peopling of the Americas through multiple migrations from Asia across land bridges and water passages. It describes the major pre-Columbian cultures that developed in Mesoamerica and South America, including the Olmecs, Mayas, Toltecs, Aztecs, and Incas. It also outlines the tribal cultures of North America and the Mississippian culture. The document then shifts to discussing the factors in Europe that led to the Age of Exploration, including trade, technology, and competition between European powers. It provides an overview of major European voyages and conquests in the Americas, including those led by Columbus, Cortes, Pizarro, and others.
C gallchapters
This document provides an overview of early American history from the first human migrations across the Bering Strait around 12,000 BC through the colonial period. It describes how hunters arrived in North America and the demise of large mammals. The Archaic Period that followed forced people to find new food sources without big mammals. Sedentary communities then developed, and corn cultivation transformed the Southwest. Corn spread across North America and stimulated population growth. Urban centers like Cahokia emerged but then collapsed by 1200 AD. European colonization began with Columbus reaching the Americas in 1492 and the establishment of Spanish, French, Dutch, and English colonies in the 1500s-1700s. Cash crops like tobacco and slavery became dominant in the Southern colonies
Powerpoint
- Notable rulers who established large empires included Alexander the Great of Macedonia, Constantine the Great of the Holy Roman Empire, Julius Caesar of Rome, and Napoleon Bonaparte of France.
- To build a strong empire, civilizations needed to utilize warfare to conquer others and engage in trade to dominate economically and control global riches.
- Old forms of slavery existed before recorded history and slaves faced poor treatment, while new world slavery arose from the Atlantic slave trade and was used for plantation farming.
WH I SOL Review
This document provides information about various topics related to early civilizations. It discusses Stonehenge and characteristics of early civilizations. It then covers river valley civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China. Next it discusses key religions such as Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and others. It also summarizes important figures and events in early civilizations like ancient Greece, Rome, and Persia. In summary, the document outlines the rise and characteristics of early civilizations globally, their religious and cultural developments, as well as influential figures and time periods.
1 before history
This document provides an overview of world history from approximately 8000 BCE to 1400 CE, covering major developments in early civilizations and classical societies across Afro-Eurasia. It discusses the rise of river valley civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China. The document also examines the political, social, economic and technological changes associated with the urban revolution, as well as independent invention versus the diffusion of ideas. Key classical civilizations like Greece, Rome, India, and China are then analyzed in more detail. Common factors associated with the decline of bronze age empires and classical civilizations are also outlined.
History 140 Big History
This document provides a summary of big historical events and theories about how small phenomena can have large scale effects on humanity. It discusses the development of knowledge over thousands of years from oral traditions to modern computers. Key events and theories summarized include the genetic origins of humanity in Africa 60,000 years ago; a potential global catastrophe in 535 AD from a large volcano that weakened societies like Rome and contributed to the rise of Islam; European exploration in the 1400s including Columbus' voyage; and Jared Diamond's theory from Guns, Germs, and Steel about how geography influenced the diffusion of resources and technology between societies.
Ancient Civilizations
A. The Indus River Valley civilization developed an advanced urban society with carefully planned cities along the Indus River between 2500-1500 BCE.
B. The Aryans later invaded and conquered the Indus Valley, establishing the Hindu caste system and Sanskrit language. Hinduism and Buddhism both originated in the region.
C. Hinduism focused on dharma, karma, and achieving moksha through reincarnation. Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, taught that suffering can be ended by eliminating desire through meditation and following the Eightfold Path.
WH 1111 Ancient greece
Ancient Greece emerged as the birthplace of Western civilization between 5000-300 BC. Key developments included the rise of city-states like Athens and Sparta between 800-500 BC, the Persian Wars in the 5th century BC which united the Greeks against an outside threat, and the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta which weakened Greece and allowed Philip II and his son Alexander the Great to conquer the region.
The History of Roman Britain (Notes Class 1)
This document provides an overview of Roman Britain based on a university course. It discusses the sources used to study Roman Britain like classical literature and archaeology. It then provides background on Iron Age Britain and the Roman Republic prior to its expansion. Regarding Roman Britain specifically, it summarizes Caesar's two invasions of Britain in 55 and 54 BC as described in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico, in which he initially invaded to punish British tribes for aiding Gaulish rebellions but faced storms and attacks each time before eventually defeating the British commander Cassivellaunus and establishing Roman influence.
Europe During The Middle Ages
1) During the Middle Ages, Europe was dominated by feudalism following the fall of the Roman Empire. Feudalism organized society into a hierarchy with lords controlling land and vassals providing military service in exchange for land.
2) Vikings from Scandinavia explored Europe and even established a short-lived settlement in North America around 1000 AD. The Catholic Church was the center of religious and social life across Europe during this time.
3) International trade expanded between 600-1400 AD. The spread of Islam connected Africa, Asia, and Europe. The Silk Road enabled trade between China and the Mediterranean. African kingdoms like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy through the gold and salt trades.
Worldview Introduction slide show
The document provides a brief overview of key eras in world and human history from the Big Bang to the Enlightenment. It describes the formation of the universe and Earth, the emergence of early humans and hominids, the dawn of agriculture and civilizations along major rivers, important events and periods in Western civilization like Ancient Greece and Rome, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Enlightenment. The document aims to give a concise chronological summary of major developments that have shaped our planet and mankind.
WH1 Ancient Rome
Rome grew from a single city to a vast empire due to its central location on the Mediterranean, which provided protection, transportation, and access to trade routes. During the Roman Republic, Rome was governed by elected officials like consuls and a senate, with a system of checks and balances. However, as Rome expanded through military conquests, tensions arose between social classes and powerful generals began to seize control. This led to civil war and the rise of Augustus, who established the Roman Empire and a new imperial government, marking the end of the Roman Republic.
Overview of AP Period 1
The document provides an overview of prehistoric human life from the Paleolithic Age through the Neolithic Revolution. During the Paleolithic Age, humans lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers in bands without advanced tools or permanent settlements. The Neolithic Revolution began around 10,000 BCE with the development of agriculture and domestication of animals, allowing for more sedentary lifestyles and establishment of early cities in places like the Middle East. This period saw the emergence of social stratification, specialized occupations, gender divisions of labor, and religious changes.
Ap european units 1&2 review middle ages
The document summarizes key developments in medieval Europe, including the rise of feudalism and manorialism, the growth of towns and trade, the role of the Catholic Church and papacy, and major events like the Crusades and the Black Death pandemic. It provides timelines of major political, economic, and social changes from the fall of Rome to 1300 CE.
Age Of Discovery
Spain began settling the Caribbean islands in the 15th century and conquered the Aztec and Inca empires in mainland America. They went on to establish a vast empire stretching from Canada to Tierra del Fuego. Seeking an alternative trade route to Asia, Spain explored Africa, Asia, and the Americas, establishing global links and trading gold, silver, spices, and other goods. This contact produced the Columbian Exchange and led to Europe dominating most of the world in the Age of Imperialism.
Ap world history – strayer unit 1 overview
This document provides an overview of early world history from the emergence of humankind to the development of civilizations. It discusses how hominids evolved in Africa around 5-6 million years ago and began migrating from Africa around 2 million years ago. Around 11,000 years ago, the agricultural revolution began as some hominid groups started domesticating plants and animals, allowing for population growth and division of labor. Some of the first complex civilizations emerged around 3500 BCE in river valleys and dominated the globe until the post-1000 CE era. Civilizations laid the foundations for modern empires, religions, technologies, and social inequalities.
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The Jesuit Relations provide important accounts of interactions between Jesuit missionaries and indigenous peoples in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. The Jesuits lived in native villages for years, learning local languages and customs. As inveterate writers, they provided detailed observations, though they did not always understand or approve of indigenous religious practices. Their writings describe topics like native and European approaches to medicine, diplomacy, warfare, and prominent figures like the martyred missionary Isaac Jogues. One account provides an especially descriptive and even-handed record of Father Marquette's voyage down the Mississippi River in the late 1600s.
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1) The document discusses the struggles and successes of various groups in Spanish colonies, including natives and Europeans.
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History's precedents
- 2. Beginnings • 50,000 years ago – Language develops – Human society begins to fracture • Social groups first migrate along coastline. – Migrations forced by weather and food sources • Humanity has spread to all habitable areas of the earth
- 3. Rise of Dominant Societies • Why some societies become dominant – Abundant varieties of domesticable flora and fauna – Rate of diffusion and migration • Easier within East-West bias due to climate (Eurasia) – Diffusion between continents – Size of population and area • Large populations and area provided more concentration to adopt innovations
- 4. Why some societies failed • Fertile Crescent – Large forest with temperate clime • Environment was fragile with low rainfall • Cleared forest for agriculture and to obtain timber for construction and fuel • With no sustainment of vegetation, climate shifted – Societies died out but the domesticated animals and plant had migrated to Europe • China – Dominant due to food production, ecological diversity and technology – Shift in political power brought new group in power. • Ended “treasure fleet” associated with previous political power • Suspended all oceangoing shipping – By no competing or interacting with other social groups, China lost by not keeping abreast of innovations
- 5. Rise of the Empires • Greece – Alexander the Great • Conquest based on superior military tactics and technology • Rome – Direct descendant of Greece – Conquest initially based on military power – Access to luxury, opulence and trappings of power led to conquered subjects identifying themselves as Roman – Rome eventually fell to its immense size
- 6. New Empires • Holy Roman Empire – More a confederation of separate Christian kingdoms than a true empire – Emperor appointed by Pope • Spain – One of many kingdoms in the Holy Roman Empire – Created by marriage of Isabella (Castile) and Ferdinand III (Aragon) and later conquest of Emirate of Granada in 1492
- 7. New World • Columbus – Requested funding from five rulers before Spain approved the voyage in 1492 – Discovery changed world power • Spanish Empire uses new wealth to fund Navy as expression of power – Power dwindles due to inflation and waste of money spent to increase power of Holy Roman Empire • Other countries create empire by settling in new world
- 8. Sources • Journey of Man – National Geographic – Spencer Wells • Guns, Germs, and Steel – Jared Diamond • World in 1492 – No author identified • Peoples and Empires – Anthony Pagden • The Day the Universe Changed – James Burke • Wikipedia – Spanish Empire