Early Spain
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Spain is located in southwestern Europe and comprises most of the Iberian Peninsula. Its geography is diverse, containing mountainous regions, coastal plains, and inland plateaus. The climate also varies significantly from region to region. Historically, Spain established a vast colonial empire beginning in the 15th century and became one of the world's leading economic and military powers under the Habsburg monarchy. However, the country entered a period of decline in the 17th century following several military defeats. Today, Spain has a largely service-based economy and is a member of the European Union.
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Spain has been home to many different peoples and civilizations over hundreds of thousands of years. The earliest human remains in Spain date back 800,000 years ago. Romans conquered the Iberian Peninsula between 218-19 BC and spread their culture and social structures. Muslims ruled Spain for over 700 years beginning in 711 AD, bringing economic and cultural development. In the 15th century, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon united Spain and expelled the Muslims, establishing the Spanish Empire under the Hapsburg dynasty.
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The Romans conquered the Iberian Peninsula beginning in 218 BC, dividing it into Hispania Ulterior and Hispania Citerior. From the 5th to 8th centuries, Germanic tribes invaded while Muslims conquered from the 8th to 15th centuries. The Reconquista by Christian forces began in 722 AD. The Hapsburgs ruled Spain in its Golden Age during the 16th-17th centuries, expanding its global empire through conquistadors like Hernan Cortes, who led the conquest of the Aztec Empire in Mexico. However, costly wars bankrupted Spain, leading to its decline as an independent Catalonia, Naples, and Portugal revolted in the 1640s.
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Most of the Iberian peninsula has been populated since prehistoric times, with early evidence of human habitation dating back 800,000 years. Various groups settled in Spain over millennia, including Iberians around 4000 BC, Celts, Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, and Romans who ruled for six centuries. Following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Spain was ruled by Visigoths and then occupied by Muslims for over seven centuries before the Christian reconquest was completed in 1492. The discovery of the New World and expulsion of Jews and Moors marked a turning point, though Spain's empire drained resources over time. After Franco's death in 1975, Spain transitioned to a democratic
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The Spanish Empire originated during the Age of Exploration and consisted of territories in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Oceania administered by Spain. Christopher Columbus' voyage in 1492 led to Spain settling the Caribbean and conquering the Aztec and Inca empires in North and South America in the 16th century. At its peak in the 18th century, Spain had expanded across North America and the Pacific, though most of its remaining colonies like Cuba and Puerto Rico were lost to the United States in the 19th century after the Spanish-American War.
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The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in world history. At its peak during the 16th century under the Habsburgs, Spain controlled vast territories in Europe and the Americas. However, the empire declined over subsequent centuries due to costly wars and Spain's loss of European dominance. By the early 19th century, most of Spain's American colonies had gained independence following the Napoleonic occupation of Spain.
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1) In the late 15th century, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile unified Spain through marriage, establishing rule as the "Catholic Monarchs."
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The history of Spain spans from prehistoric Iberia through the rise and decline of a global empire to modern Spain as an EU member. After early settlements, the Romans conquered Hispania in the 3rd century BC and ruled for over 700 years, influencing Spanish culture, infrastructure and laws. Muslim forces then invaded the Iberian peninsula in the 8th century and established independent states collectively known as Al-Andalus for over 750 years. Christian kingdoms gradually reconquered the peninsula in a process completed in 1492 with the fall of Granada, establishing the modern nation of Spain.
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Section 4
Spain and Portugal have a long shared history dating back 16,000 BC when cave paintings were discovered in northern Spain. Both regions were part of the Roman Empire by 200 BC and were later conquered by Moors in the 700s AD. In the late 15th century, Ferdinand and Isabella conquered the last Moorish outpost in Spain and sponsored Columbus' voyage to the Americas, while Portugal also sent out explorers. Both countries grew wealthy from trade and colonies but Spain's power began to decline after its failed invasion of England in 1588. Today, Spain and Portugal are democracies and members of the European Union with growing economies focused on agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism.
Race For Empires
The document summarizes religious and colonial conflicts between England, France, and Spain in the 16th century. It discusses how the Protestant Reformation led to divisions in Europe and tensions over claims in North America. Specifically, it describes how Spain massacred the French Huguenot colony of Fort Caroline in Florida in 1565, and how the Spanish Armada was defeated by the English navy in 1588, marking the decline of Spanish power.
Spanish 18th century
The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was fought over a possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under a single Bourbon monarch. It resulted in Philip V remaining King of Spain but being removed from the French line of succession to prevent the unification. Spain lost most of its European territories. Under Philip V and later kings such as Charles III, Spain underwent reforms and centralization of government while struggling with the loss of its empire to other European powers like Britain.
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Posting5b
This document discusses the relationships between Native Americans and European settlers in the northern colonies. It describes how Native American leaders like Opechancanough and Red Shoes dealt with the influx of settlers through both war and manipulation of alliances. It also discusses the experiences of individuals like Squanto and Jacob Young who served as intermediaries between the groups but found themselves caught between the Europeans and Natives.
American colonies
Cabeza da Vaca was second in command of a failed Spanish invasion and was enslaved by natives, but later gained status as a holy man after praying for sick natives who recovered. He advocated pacifying rather than conquering natives when returning to Mexico. Coronado led an expedition funded by rumors of gold in Zuni cities, but found only beans, corn, and turkeys after sacking the first village that denied them entry. He was then misled by stories of gold on the Great Plains. In New Mexico, Don Juan Onate sought riches and conquered and exploited natives, but after natives killed his nephew in retaliation, he had 800 natives killed and 500 enslaved at A
Jesuit relations
The Jesuit Relations provide important accounts of interactions between Jesuit missionaries and indigenous peoples in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. The Jesuits lived in native villages for years, learning local languages and customs. As inveterate writers, they provided detailed observations, though they did not always understand or approve of indigenous religious practices. Their writings describe topics like native and European approaches to medicine, diplomacy, warfare, and prominent figures like the martyred missionary Isaac Jogues. One account provides an especially descriptive and even-handed record of Father Marquette's voyage down the Mississippi River in the late 1600s.
Posting 5a
1) The document discusses the struggles and successes of various groups in Spanish colonies, including natives and Europeans.
2) Some natives like Martin Ocelot and Micaela Angela Carillo were able to prosper through smart business dealings and owning land, while others like Diego Vasicuio just survived by avoiding the Spanish.
3) Europeans also struggled, such as António de Gouveia who was imprisoned multiple times by the Spanish Inquisition and eventually deported to Brazil.
Indian conquistadors
Cortés' conquest of the Mexica empire is often portrayed as the result of Spanish military superiority and Mexica weakness, but in reality Cortés relied heavily on native allies who wanted to overthrow the Mexica. His plan to conquer quickly and allow Spanish settlement was based on previous experiences colonizing Spain, the Canary Islands, and the Caribbean, and he led a force comprising hundreds of Spaniards but thousands more native allies, demonstrating his dependence on local support over military might alone.
Benedict arnold
Benedict Arnold began as a hero of the Revolutionary War, but later became a traitor. He was born in 1741 to a wealthy family and showed early promise as a militia leader and colonel. Arnold led successful attacks on Fort Ticonderoga and Quebec, displaying courage and leadership. However, he grew disillusioned with the lack of recognition and support from the Continental Congress. After accusations of misconduct, Arnold switched sides and informed the British of plans to surrender West Point. He was later appointed a British general and spent his final years in poverty in London.
History's precedents
This document summarizes the history of major human societies from 50,000 years ago to the rise of early modern empires. It describes how early human groups migrated along coastlines as languages developed. Some societies became dominant due to abundant resources and easier diffusion of ideas within Eurasia. The Fertile Crescent declined after forests were cleared, while China isolated itself and fell behind innovations. Power shifted to empires like Greece, Rome, and Spain through military conquests and colonial expansion enabled by discoveries like Columbus' voyage to the New World in 1492.
Silver destroys Spain
The Spanish Empire experienced a downfall due to its overreliance on silver imports from the New World. The Habsburg dynasty that controlled Spain used the wealth from the empire's trade policies and silver mines in the Americas to fund costly military campaigns against its enemies like France. This led to rampant inflation as the value of silver plummeted from oversupply, bankrupting Spain repeatedly and stretching its economy to the breaking point. The Spanish were eventually defeated at the Battle of Rocroi, signaling the end of their once powerful empire.
Spain - Early Politics
The document summarizes the history of politics and monarchy in Spain from the 15th century to the early 18th century. It begins with the marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469, uniting Spain under their rule. Their grandson Charles I became both King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor in 1516. After his death, Spain was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty until 1700 when the last Habsburg king Charles II died without an heir, leading to the War of the Spanish Succession and transfer of the throne to the Bourbon dynasty under King Philip V.
Star 6 10
California has a long history of supporting the arts dating back to 1851. In the late 19th century, two art academies were established in San Francisco. Many famous authors also wrote about early California, contributing to its mystique. In the late 19th/early 20th century, California pioneered advances in fields like aviation, electronics, science, and technology. Innovators in these fields helped establish California as a leader in these areas. California capitalized on the scientific knowledge and innovations of these early pioneers.
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Argentine literature began in the 16th century with early works inspired by oral aboriginal poetry. In the 19th century, the Generación del 37 group of writers emerged as the first generation of local intellectuals. This included Esteban Echeverría, José Mármol, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, and others. Buenos Aires became the focal point of literary culture as the port city prospered economically. Today, Argentina's literary scene continues to thrive with contemporary writers influenced by both European/North American and indigenous Argentine traditions. Buenos Aires is considered the "City of Books" with many librerias.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
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The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Early Spain
- 1. SPAIN
- 2. GEOGRAPHY
- 4. Spain is the 2 rd largest country in Western Europe after France, is located in southwestern Europe and comprises about 85% of the Iberian Peninsula. Its national capital is Madrid . The Straits of Gibraltar , at its narrowest extent, separate Spain and Morocco by only 8.1 mi. Spain is comprised of 17 autonomous communities which are divided into 50 provinces . These provinces are further subdivided into 8,112 municipalities Its total area is 194,897 sq mi of which 192,874 sq mi (98.96%) is land and 2,023 sq mi (1.04%) is water. Spain’s Total Coastline: 3,084.49 miles. The Atlantic coast is 441 miles long. Total land border is 1,191.7 mi. Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa ( Ceuta and Melilla ), that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llivia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. SPAIN
- 5. Mainland Spain's highest point ( Mulhacen at 11,461 feet ) stands in the Sierra Nevada. Topography of Spain The most important topographical feature of Spain is the great, almost treeless, central plateau, called the Meseta Central , sloping generally downwards from north to south and from east to west, and with an average elevation of about 2,000 ft above sea level. The tableland is divided into northern and southern sections by irregular mountain ranges (sierras). Between many of the mountains are narrow valleys, drained by rapid rivers. The country is drained by an estimated 1,500 rivers ( mostly small ). The longest and most important rivers include the Douro ( Duero ), Ebro, Jucar, Tagus ( Tejo ), Guadiana and Guadalquivir The coastal plain is narrow, rarely as much as 20 miles wide and, in many areas, broken by mountains that descend to the sea to form rocky headlands, particularly along the Mediterranean coast. These deeply indented coastal areas include countless bays and coves, and most have sandy beaches. In the far northwest, along the Bay of Biscay, rugged cliffs front the coastline.
- 6. Minerals of Spain Natural Resources of Spain
- 7. Land use: Ariable Land: 30% Permanent Crops: 9% Permanent Pastures: 21% Forests and Woodland: 32% Other: 8% Spain Fauna The Spanish fauna includes the wolf, lynx, wildcat, fox, wild boar, wild goat, deer, and hare. Among the more famous domesticated animals are the bulls for bullfighting. Birdlife is abundant, with varieties of birds of prey. Insect life abounds. Mountain streams and lakes team with fish such as barbel, tench, & trout. Land Utilization in Spain
- 9. SOCIETY
- 11. Trade In Spanish Society Much of the culture in Spain revolved around trade, It was the main source of income to the government and the people. The use of gold and silver from the Spanish American mines were used to pay for the But more importantly food and perishable items are what kept the economy going for the people.
- 12. Religion When King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella ruled Spain in the 1400s and 1500s, they decreed that all Spaniards must become Roman Catholics. People who practiced other religions, such as Islam or Judaism, where forced to change religions. If they did not, they were killed or exiled from Spain. Today, almost 97 percent of Spain´s population is Roman Catholic, although Muslims and Jews in the country now practice their religions freely. Roman Catholicism is one of the oldest denominations of Christianity. Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ, whom Christians believe is the Son of God.
- 14. POLITICS
- 19. MILITARY
- 26. ECONOMY
- 27. Spanish Influence in North American and Caribbean Economies Melissa Mariscal