The document outlines the three phases of corporate social responsibility (CSR): Phase 1 from 1960-1990 when CSR began; Phase 2 from 1990-2000 when CSR initiation took place; and Phase 3 from 2000 onward as the post-CSR phase. It traces the origins and evolution of CSR concepts from the 1900s to present day, including early works, increased environmental awareness in the 1960s, mandatory social reporting in the 1970s, and influential theories from Friedman and Freeman.

2.  Three phases
 Phase 1 (1960-1990)-Pre CSR Phase
 Phase 2 (1990-2000) – CSR initiation Phase
 Phase 3 (2000-ongoing)- Post CSR Phase

3.  1916 J.M. Clark Journal of Political Economy
 If men are responsible for the known results of
their action, business responsibilities must
include the known results of business dealings
whether they are recognized by the law or not.
 1931 Prof. Theodore Kreps used Social Audit
for the first time as social responsibility.
 1800’s Cadbury Bourneville.

4.  The term CSR was used in 1960’s starting with
Goyder’s Responsible Company.
 The term stakeholders was also used to
describe corporate owners beyond
shareholders.
 Environment issues received prominence
throughout the early 60’s triggering numeous
organizations including UNEP

5.  Early 80’s the issues were poverty, population
pressure, social inequity and terms of trade
while biodiversity was recognized.
 By 70’s the reporting of the companies on social
issues and social audit was mandated by big
economies

6.  Growing Affluence
 Ecological Sustainability
 Globalization
 The free flow of information
 Brands

7.  Shareholder Theory: Milton Friedman
 Stakeholder Theory: R. Edward Freeman