we often needs PG or ROOM when shifted to new location. If talk about DELHI, desired #PG_Accommodation is not easy to find. #STULITY does work for you to find best #PG_IN_DELHI.
Visit: www.stulity.com
Principles of Corporate Governance and Ethics for Sustainable Businessinventionjournals
This theoretical paper examines the importance of corporate governance and business ethics that impact organizations and individuals. In the aftermath of the public embarrassment of corporate malfeasance, organizations should underpin their policies and regulations to overcome numerous ethical issues and to ensure the well-being of all. Further, corporate governance is concerned with the ownership, control and accountability of organizations, and how the corporate pursuit of economic objectives relates to a number of wider ethical and societal considerations. Thus, this paper presents an adoption of proper governance practices and business ethics standards, and discusses the importance of such an approach in analyzing and understanding corporate governance practices. Many studies have discovered that an integrated approach towards corporate governance and business ethics should help organizations implement high standards of ethical behavior throughout the organization. In general, the prominence of such a holistic approach, by integrating several components, is the precondition of better understanding of corporate governance practices and procedures to enhance ethical behavior in organizations.
Thanks to all my readers. It gives boost when I get calls from my readers and am always happy to revert back to my followers and readers. I am sorry if I am unable to reply to all the e-mails due to my busy schedule.
Contact me for any type of assignments help(nominal charges).
Thanks and Regards,
Er. Bhavi Bhatia
e-mail: bhavi.bhatia.411@gmail.com
Phone: +91-9779703714, +91-9814614666
Good ethical conduct create business sustainability. Over the past years various factors have created opportunities for industrial growth hence requiring businesses to apply good ethical conducts that creates business stability and productivity. It is therefore important for all business operation to apply good ethical conducts. Most global leading companies have promoted a sustainable culture through good ethical motivation skills.
Principles of Corporate Governance and Ethics for Sustainable Businessinventionjournals
This theoretical paper examines the importance of corporate governance and business ethics that impact organizations and individuals. In the aftermath of the public embarrassment of corporate malfeasance, organizations should underpin their policies and regulations to overcome numerous ethical issues and to ensure the well-being of all. Further, corporate governance is concerned with the ownership, control and accountability of organizations, and how the corporate pursuit of economic objectives relates to a number of wider ethical and societal considerations. Thus, this paper presents an adoption of proper governance practices and business ethics standards, and discusses the importance of such an approach in analyzing and understanding corporate governance practices. Many studies have discovered that an integrated approach towards corporate governance and business ethics should help organizations implement high standards of ethical behavior throughout the organization. In general, the prominence of such a holistic approach, by integrating several components, is the precondition of better understanding of corporate governance practices and procedures to enhance ethical behavior in organizations.
Thanks to all my readers. It gives boost when I get calls from my readers and am always happy to revert back to my followers and readers. I am sorry if I am unable to reply to all the e-mails due to my busy schedule.
Contact me for any type of assignments help(nominal charges).
Thanks and Regards,
Er. Bhavi Bhatia
e-mail: bhavi.bhatia.411@gmail.com
Phone: +91-9779703714, +91-9814614666
Good ethical conduct create business sustainability. Over the past years various factors have created opportunities for industrial growth hence requiring businesses to apply good ethical conducts that creates business stability and productivity. It is therefore important for all business operation to apply good ethical conducts. Most global leading companies have promoted a sustainable culture through good ethical motivation skills.
Brennan, Niamh M. [2010] “A Review of Corporate Governance Research: An Irish...Prof Niamh M. Brennan
An overview of corporate governance is provided in this chapter, commencing with a discussion of alternative definitions of governance. Internal and external mechanisms of governance are described. The role of boards of directors, and theories explaining those roles, are also considered. In order to provide some insights into governance research, 15 academic papers with an Irish angle were selected for analysis, by reference to theoretical perspective, governance mechanism studied, research method adopted and results. The analytical table demonstrates the variety of research conducted. Some concluding comments are then drawn.
Stakeholder pressures created the legal implications to the companies for the CSR activities and its reporting. CSR is gaining the importance in the field of research. The aim of the study is to provide the review of the development in the field of CSR. The analysis is carried out to understand the areas of the researches in CSR. In total 95 studies from various countries are selected. It is carried out by explaining various studies in the field of CSR to know the definition, the areas of researches and research methods used.
The corporate governance is a popular topic within two last decade, and the emerging economies are practicing &enhancing their performances. The review is conducted to assess the effectiveness of the corporate governance implications on firm’s performances. The study followed the deductive approach and the journal articles, and the reports have used the source of the review. As per the literature findings, the researcher developed a conceptual design for the case review. The independent variable is the corporate governance mechanism, and the dependent variable is organizations performances. Both independent and dependent variables comprise the different type of corporate governance practice and the different function of the organizational performances. The review found that all the types of corporate governance practices are influenced to the organizational performance and the better corporate governance mechanism can enhance all type of performances.
Today stakeholders becomes more and more aware of the ecological and social footprints adopted by multinational companies (MNCs) worldwide, accountability, transparency and governance issues are considered to be main stream agenda in the corporate boardroom discussion. Sustainability reporting evaluates the performance of company’s based on three distinct parameters such as economic, environmental and societal. Triple Bottom Line Reporting (subsequently refer to as TBLR) goes beyond the traditional way of reporting mechanism and encourages businesses to give closer attention to the whole impact of their commercial activities, over &above their financial performance. John Elkington strove to measure sustainability during the mid-1990s by encompassing a new framework to measure performance in corporate America. This accounting framework, called the triple bottom line (TBL), went beyond the traditional measures of profits, return on investment, and shareholder value to include environmental and social dimensions. The Corporate Triple Bottom Line (subsequently refer to as CTBL) Reporting is based on three pillars-(i) environmental, (ii) social, (iii) social causes. Corporate Triple Bottom Line (CTBL) disclosure items are handpicked from the annual reports/corporate social responsibility reports of the sample units after a thorough examination of the contents of annual reports/corporate social responsibility reports.
The level of Triple Bottom Line reporting in India is in its infancy and still evolving. The three dimensions for TBL Reporting in India are people, planet and profit, which lead to sustainable development. Present study highlights the CTBL Reporting indicators, CTBL Reporting indictors in India and the limitations of CTBL Reporting.
Class Lecture: Corporate Culture, Abuse of Power, Whistleblowing and EthicsJohn J. Sarno
Exploration of criminality and unethical practices from a legal, organizational and interpersonal perspective. Obedience to authority and whistle-blowing
A new direction for CSR the shortcomingsof previous CSR mod.docxransayo
A new direction for CSR: the shortcomings
of previous CSR models and the rationale
for a new model
Jane Claydon
Abstract
Purpose – This paper aims to take the reader on a journey through the development of CSR since it first
emerged in the 1940s, through to contemporary models of CSR.
Design/methodology/approach – By drawing on existing CSR literature the achievements and gaps of
CSR are demonstrated. The literature review focuses on a small selection of important CSR models,
referencing the most iconic from the last few decades.
Findings – Existing CSR models are critiqued as being insufficient in providing an adequate
understanding of CSR. It is asserted that a more efficient model of CSR is required and a new model of
CSR is proposed, which is more relevant to and reflective of the present day business environment. The
model of ‘‘consumer-driven corporate responsibility’’ (CDCR) is founded on the notion that consumer
demand for CSR is both the most likely and the most effective driver for the implementation of CSR in a
company.
Research limitations/implications – As CSR is rapidly evolving, undoubtedly models will be created
after this paper was written, that, for this reason, are out of the scope of this review.
Practical implications – This paper provides an alternative, more comprehensive and more effective
model of CSR, useful as a tool for academics and business leaders alike.
Originality/value – As the model of CDCR focuses on the conditions under which companies are most
likely to adopt CSR from both a descriptive and normative perspective, it is proposed as being a more
suitable approach to CSR.
Keywords Corporate social responsibility, Business ethics, Corporate governance,
Sustainable development, Ethical consumption, Consumerism
Paper type Conceptual paper
T
he concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an increasingly
common term and conjecture in the political, academic and business realms over the
last century. During this time, it has experienced a period of constant defining and
modelling, re-defining and re-modelling. This paper aims to take the reader on a journey
through the development of CSR, demonstrating what it has achieved and highlighting the
gaps it is yet to fill. The reader will be navigated around the development of CSR since it first
emerged in the 1940s through to four models of CSR that have been more recently created.
These models are a small selection but range from those which have been the most
commonly referred to over the last few decades, such as stakeholder theory (Freeman,
1984) and the ‘‘pyramid of CSR’’ (Carroll, 1991), to the some of the more complex and
contemporary, such as the ‘‘model of sustainable development’’ (Aras and Crowther, 2009)
and ‘‘CSR 2.0’’ (Visser, 2010). A critique shall then be put forward, arguing that such models
are insufficient in providing either an adequate descriptive or normative understanding of
CSR, subsequently a.
Corporate citizenship and socialresponsibility policies in tAlleneMcclendon878
Corporate citizenship and social
responsibility policies in the
United States of America
Mark Anthony Camilleri
Department of Corporate Communication, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
and Business School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Abstract
Purpose – The aim of this case study is to outline relevant regulatory guidelines on environmental, social
and governance issues in the USA. This contribution includes a thorough analysis of several institutional
frameworks and guiding principles that have been purposely developed to foster corporate citizenship
behaviours.
Design/methodology/approach – A case study methodology involved a broad analysis of US
regulatory policies, voluntary instruments and soft laws that have stimulated organisations to implement and
report their responsible behaviours.
Findings – This contribution ties the corporate citizenship behaviours with the institutional and
stakeholder theories. The case study evaluated the US’s federal government, bureaus and its agencies’ policies
on human rights, health and social welfare, responsible supply chain and procurement of resources,
anticorruption, bribery and fraudulent behaviours, energy and water conservation practices as well as
environmental protection, among other issues.
Research limitations/implications – Past research may have not sufficiently linked corporate
citizenship with the corporate social responsibility (CSR) paradigm. This research reports how different US
regulatory institutions and non-governmental organisations are pushing forward the social responsibility,
environmental sustainability as well as the responsible corporate governance agenda.
Originality/value – This research critically analyses US policy and regulatory instruments including
relevant legislation and executive orders that are primarily intended to unlock corporate citizenship practices
from business and industry. It has also provided a conceptual framework for the corporate citizenship notion.
In conclusion, it implies that there are business and political cases for corporate citizenship.
Keywords Sustainability, Social responsibility, Environmental responsibility,
Corporate citizenship, Stakeholder engagement, USA CSR policy
Paper type Case study
Introduction
The US markets for labour and capital are fairly unregulated as there are low levels of
welfare state provisions (Kalleberg, 2013; Beaman, 2012). Consequently, many social issues
such as education, health care or community investment have traditionally been at the core
of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the USA (Camilleri, 2016; Crane et al., 2013;
Welford, 2005). The CSR initiatives and the communicating activities within the areas of
philanthropy, stewardship, volunteerism and environmental affairs may not be treated as a
regulatory compliance issue in the US context. CSR is often characterised by the businesses’
voluntary societal engagements, as they are not obliged to undertake social and
environmental responsi ...
Brennan, Niamh M. [2010] “A Review of Corporate Governance Research: An Irish...Prof Niamh M. Brennan
An overview of corporate governance is provided in this chapter, commencing with a discussion of alternative definitions of governance. Internal and external mechanisms of governance are described. The role of boards of directors, and theories explaining those roles, are also considered. In order to provide some insights into governance research, 15 academic papers with an Irish angle were selected for analysis, by reference to theoretical perspective, governance mechanism studied, research method adopted and results. The analytical table demonstrates the variety of research conducted. Some concluding comments are then drawn.
Stakeholder pressures created the legal implications to the companies for the CSR activities and its reporting. CSR is gaining the importance in the field of research. The aim of the study is to provide the review of the development in the field of CSR. The analysis is carried out to understand the areas of the researches in CSR. In total 95 studies from various countries are selected. It is carried out by explaining various studies in the field of CSR to know the definition, the areas of researches and research methods used.
The corporate governance is a popular topic within two last decade, and the emerging economies are practicing &enhancing their performances. The review is conducted to assess the effectiveness of the corporate governance implications on firm’s performances. The study followed the deductive approach and the journal articles, and the reports have used the source of the review. As per the literature findings, the researcher developed a conceptual design for the case review. The independent variable is the corporate governance mechanism, and the dependent variable is organizations performances. Both independent and dependent variables comprise the different type of corporate governance practice and the different function of the organizational performances. The review found that all the types of corporate governance practices are influenced to the organizational performance and the better corporate governance mechanism can enhance all type of performances.
Today stakeholders becomes more and more aware of the ecological and social footprints adopted by multinational companies (MNCs) worldwide, accountability, transparency and governance issues are considered to be main stream agenda in the corporate boardroom discussion. Sustainability reporting evaluates the performance of company’s based on three distinct parameters such as economic, environmental and societal. Triple Bottom Line Reporting (subsequently refer to as TBLR) goes beyond the traditional way of reporting mechanism and encourages businesses to give closer attention to the whole impact of their commercial activities, over &above their financial performance. John Elkington strove to measure sustainability during the mid-1990s by encompassing a new framework to measure performance in corporate America. This accounting framework, called the triple bottom line (TBL), went beyond the traditional measures of profits, return on investment, and shareholder value to include environmental and social dimensions. The Corporate Triple Bottom Line (subsequently refer to as CTBL) Reporting is based on three pillars-(i) environmental, (ii) social, (iii) social causes. Corporate Triple Bottom Line (CTBL) disclosure items are handpicked from the annual reports/corporate social responsibility reports of the sample units after a thorough examination of the contents of annual reports/corporate social responsibility reports.
The level of Triple Bottom Line reporting in India is in its infancy and still evolving. The three dimensions for TBL Reporting in India are people, planet and profit, which lead to sustainable development. Present study highlights the CTBL Reporting indicators, CTBL Reporting indictors in India and the limitations of CTBL Reporting.
Class Lecture: Corporate Culture, Abuse of Power, Whistleblowing and EthicsJohn J. Sarno
Exploration of criminality and unethical practices from a legal, organizational and interpersonal perspective. Obedience to authority and whistle-blowing
A new direction for CSR the shortcomingsof previous CSR mod.docxransayo
A new direction for CSR: the shortcomings
of previous CSR models and the rationale
for a new model
Jane Claydon
Abstract
Purpose – This paper aims to take the reader on a journey through the development of CSR since it first
emerged in the 1940s, through to contemporary models of CSR.
Design/methodology/approach – By drawing on existing CSR literature the achievements and gaps of
CSR are demonstrated. The literature review focuses on a small selection of important CSR models,
referencing the most iconic from the last few decades.
Findings – Existing CSR models are critiqued as being insufficient in providing an adequate
understanding of CSR. It is asserted that a more efficient model of CSR is required and a new model of
CSR is proposed, which is more relevant to and reflective of the present day business environment. The
model of ‘‘consumer-driven corporate responsibility’’ (CDCR) is founded on the notion that consumer
demand for CSR is both the most likely and the most effective driver for the implementation of CSR in a
company.
Research limitations/implications – As CSR is rapidly evolving, undoubtedly models will be created
after this paper was written, that, for this reason, are out of the scope of this review.
Practical implications – This paper provides an alternative, more comprehensive and more effective
model of CSR, useful as a tool for academics and business leaders alike.
Originality/value – As the model of CDCR focuses on the conditions under which companies are most
likely to adopt CSR from both a descriptive and normative perspective, it is proposed as being a more
suitable approach to CSR.
Keywords Corporate social responsibility, Business ethics, Corporate governance,
Sustainable development, Ethical consumption, Consumerism
Paper type Conceptual paper
T
he concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an increasingly
common term and conjecture in the political, academic and business realms over the
last century. During this time, it has experienced a period of constant defining and
modelling, re-defining and re-modelling. This paper aims to take the reader on a journey
through the development of CSR, demonstrating what it has achieved and highlighting the
gaps it is yet to fill. The reader will be navigated around the development of CSR since it first
emerged in the 1940s through to four models of CSR that have been more recently created.
These models are a small selection but range from those which have been the most
commonly referred to over the last few decades, such as stakeholder theory (Freeman,
1984) and the ‘‘pyramid of CSR’’ (Carroll, 1991), to the some of the more complex and
contemporary, such as the ‘‘model of sustainable development’’ (Aras and Crowther, 2009)
and ‘‘CSR 2.0’’ (Visser, 2010). A critique shall then be put forward, arguing that such models
are insufficient in providing either an adequate descriptive or normative understanding of
CSR, subsequently a.
Corporate citizenship and socialresponsibility policies in tAlleneMcclendon878
Corporate citizenship and social
responsibility policies in the
United States of America
Mark Anthony Camilleri
Department of Corporate Communication, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
and Business School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Abstract
Purpose – The aim of this case study is to outline relevant regulatory guidelines on environmental, social
and governance issues in the USA. This contribution includes a thorough analysis of several institutional
frameworks and guiding principles that have been purposely developed to foster corporate citizenship
behaviours.
Design/methodology/approach – A case study methodology involved a broad analysis of US
regulatory policies, voluntary instruments and soft laws that have stimulated organisations to implement and
report their responsible behaviours.
Findings – This contribution ties the corporate citizenship behaviours with the institutional and
stakeholder theories. The case study evaluated the US’s federal government, bureaus and its agencies’ policies
on human rights, health and social welfare, responsible supply chain and procurement of resources,
anticorruption, bribery and fraudulent behaviours, energy and water conservation practices as well as
environmental protection, among other issues.
Research limitations/implications – Past research may have not sufficiently linked corporate
citizenship with the corporate social responsibility (CSR) paradigm. This research reports how different US
regulatory institutions and non-governmental organisations are pushing forward the social responsibility,
environmental sustainability as well as the responsible corporate governance agenda.
Originality/value – This research critically analyses US policy and regulatory instruments including
relevant legislation and executive orders that are primarily intended to unlock corporate citizenship practices
from business and industry. It has also provided a conceptual framework for the corporate citizenship notion.
In conclusion, it implies that there are business and political cases for corporate citizenship.
Keywords Sustainability, Social responsibility, Environmental responsibility,
Corporate citizenship, Stakeholder engagement, USA CSR policy
Paper type Case study
Introduction
The US markets for labour and capital are fairly unregulated as there are low levels of
welfare state provisions (Kalleberg, 2013; Beaman, 2012). Consequently, many social issues
such as education, health care or community investment have traditionally been at the core
of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the USA (Camilleri, 2016; Crane et al., 2013;
Welford, 2005). The CSR initiatives and the communicating activities within the areas of
philanthropy, stewardship, volunteerism and environmental affairs may not be treated as a
regulatory compliance issue in the US context. CSR is often characterised by the businesses’
voluntary societal engagements, as they are not obliged to undertake social and
environmental responsi ...
Chapter 8 Policy Entrepreneurs and Morality Politics Lea.docxmccormicknadine86
Chapter 8
Policy Entrepreneurs and Morality Politics: Learning
from Failure and Success
Michael Mintrom
Introduction
In this volume, political entrepreneurs are viewed as special actors, embedded in the socio-
political fabric, who are alert to the emergence of entrepreneurial opportunities and act upon them
(see Petridou, Narbutaité Aflaki and Miles, this volume). During the past two decades, I have
devoted considerable attention to observing and understanding the actions of a subset of political
entrepreneurs that have come to be called policy entrepreneurs (Mintrom, 1997, 2000; Mintrom
and Norman, 2009; Mintrom and Vergari, 1996, 1998). Following Kingdon (1984) and Roberts
and King (1996), I have employed the working definition of policy entrepreneurs as political actors
who seek policy changes that shift the status quo in given areas of public policy.
This chapter documents how policy entrepreneurs have conducted themselves in the face of
intense opposition from groups which disagree with the moral positions embodied in their policy
objectives. While the chapter considers instances of policy entrepreneurship in three distinctive
jurisdictions, each case involves efforts to secure government funding and permissive regulation
of human embryonic stem cell research. Such research promises future therapies that could
both extend lives and improve their quality. It also invites serious discussion of the meaning of
life (Beckmann, 2004; Hauskeller, 2004; Banchoff, 2005; Fukuyama, 2005; Mintrom, 2009;
Karch, 2012).
Human embryonic stem cell research has deep symbolic significance and opens up moral
disagreement. Some governments have found effective ways to support this research despite
its controversial nature; others have strongly opposed it. Through case studies of policy
entrepreneurship and human embryonic stem cell research in California, the United Kingdom, and
Italy, the chapter shows how policy entrepreneurs have sought to promote more funding and less
restrictive regulation for this controversial area of contemporary science. In each case, the policy
entrepreneurs involved met with significant opposition due to the morality issues at stake.
By placing policy entrepreneurship in a broader political context, this chapter makes four
contributions. First, it shows how policy entrepreneurs pursue their goals in the face of intense
morality politics. Second, it shows how the work of policy entrepreneurs can be both supported
and inhibited by ideas, institutions, and interest-groups in the polis. Third, it demonstrates how, by
adapting to their contexts and adjusting their strategies, policy entrepreneurs can learn from failures
and take new runs at securing policy change. Finally, in making these points, this chapter assists
in identifying what makes policy entrepreneurship a distinctive form of political work. Policy
entrepreneurship is presented here as a crucial subset of the broader set of activiti ...
A Corporate Social Responsibility, generally noted by “CSR”, refers to a corporation's initiatives to assess and take responsibility for the company's effects on environmental and social well-being. It generally applies to efforts that go beyond what may be required by regulators or environmental protection groups. Governments seeking to advance sustainable development are increasingly turning to policies and strategies that encourage, support, mandate, or directly demonstrate more socially and environmentally sound business practices. A central component of these policies involves promoting increased transparency of economic activities.
Lesson Five Corporate Ethics in the 21st CenturyLesson Four d.docxsmile790243
Lesson Five: Corporate Ethics in the 21st Century
Lesson Four discussed some of the most prominent behavioral theories concerning leadership as well as their ethical implications. Lesson Six will introduce some modern concepts of ethics for businesses, including socially responsible investing, corporate social responsibility, and environmentalism.
With changes in public perception over time, the expectations of businesses operating within American society has changed considerably throughout the history of our nation. The classical view on the ethical role of businesses was predicated on the principle of profit maximization: the idea that the only purpose of a business is to maximize the amount of money generated for its owners. Furthermore, anything that runs counter to or distracts from this prerogative is antithetical to the essence of a business. The obligation to obey the law is implied based on the fact that businesses which violate laws typically suffer losses in the form of fines or even forced closure; so compliance with the law is a behavior that is compatible with, and in fact necessary to, the principle of profit maximization.
However, things have changed. Businesses have grown to sizes and degrees of influence that present substantial threats to the welfare of communities, families, the natural environment, etc. and society no longer sees businesses as being responsible only to shareholders (McWilliams & Siegel, 2001). This lesson will discuss the ways in which changes in public perception have reshaped the ethical obligations of businesses in the 21st century.
Socially Responsible Investing (SRI)
One of the biggest ways in which public perception has changed business and industry is through socially responsible investment (SRI) funds. In the business startup world, some investors with strong ethical compasses have chosen to restrict the types of businesses in which they are willing to invest with their capital (Sparkes & Cowton, 2004). Some of these restricted categories are more or less unanimously seen as immoral industries. Others, however, are more controversial.
· Alcohol: Obviously not all people abuse alcohol, and not all people view producers of alcohol as immoral. However, many SRI funds exclude alcohol companies because of the tragic effects that alcohol has in contexts such as drunk driving, etc.
· Tobacco: Virtually the same arguments that apply to alcohol apply to tobacco, except that tobacco is vilified for its unmistakable role in cancers, emphysema, and early mortality. Thus, SRI funds typically avoid tobacco companies as well.
· Gambling: Like alcohol, not all people have gambling problems or see any ethical issue with the gambling industry. However, we do know that gambling is another addictive behavior, and for this reason casinos are typically excluded from SRI funds.
· Weapons: Firearms are a heated subject with all of the current political debate surrounding Second Amendment rights and the best ways ...
1 P a g e A System Approach to Implementing Business.docxhoney725342
1 | P a g e
A System Approach to Implementing Business Ethics in
the Corporate Workplace
Clifton Clarke Department
of Finance and Business Management, Brooklyn College, City University of New York
[email protected]
Abstract
The current vitriolic discourse over the financial scandals implicating Wall Street and its satellite institutions
dictates a fresh look at strategies intended to eradicate or prevent unethical practices in business activities.
The spate of recently published unethical behavior among business executives in the United States confirms,
unequivocally, that past and current strategies have failed. This paper reviews and evaluates the impact of
some of these strategies. It found that the strategies focus on legislation, written corporate codes of ethics and
assorted activities in business schools. It found that these strategies are largely isolated and missed the fact
that unethical business conduct is systemic, reflecting the ethical lapses of two systems: a public system
(consisting of governmental bodies, business schools, and the general citizenry) and a corporate system
(consisting of boards of directors, executives, managers and employees). It found that there is a significant
gap between the rhetoric of corporate executives and their attention to unethical conduct in the workplace. It
concludes that isolated legislative actions, apathetic business schools’ policies, complacent and complicit
corporate boards, contribute to the failure. It also concludes that, the implementation of business ethics in the
workplace requires a transformation of attitude within and between these systems and posits that a system
approach is the only strategy that can successfully transform these systems and that business schools are
uniquely capable of leading this transformation.
Keywords
Ethics, corporate workplace, transformation, culture, business schools, legislations
Introduction
Hearings held by a subcommittee of the Banking and Finance Committee of the United States Senate on
certain practices of financial institutions, particularly those practices that might have contributed to the
economic collapse in 2008, revealed the disconnect between the public’s and corporations’ perceptions of
ethical conduct (Hauser 2010). Several of the questions posed to the Chief Executive Officer, and the
Executive Director of Structure Products Group Trading of Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., focused on the
company’s ethics. For example, the senators wanted to know whether it was ethical for the company to sell
investments that its own trading team knew were “worthless”. In their defense, this and other questionable
practices were an integral part of their company’s business model. Similarly, Morganton (2011), of the New
York Times reported t ...
Q Academy of Management Review2016, Vol. 41, No. 2, 216–228..docxmakdul
Q Academy of Management Review
2016, Vol. 41, No. 2, 216–228.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2016.0012
INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL TOPIC FORUM
MANAGEMENT THEORY AND SOCIAL WELFARE:
CONTRIBUTIONS AND CHALLENGES
THOMAS M. JONES
University of Washington
THOMAS DONALDSON
University of Pennsylvania
R. EDWARD FREEMAN
University of Virginia
JEFFREY S. HARRISON
University of Richmond
CARRIE R. LEANA
University of Pittsburgh
JOSEPH T. MAHONEY
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
JONE L. PEARCE
University of California, Irvine
In this Introduction to the Special Topic Forum on Management Theory and Social
Welfare, we first provide an overview of the motivation behind the special issue. We
then highlight the contributions of the six articles that make up this forum and identify
some common themes. We also suggest some reasons why social welfare issues are so
difficult to address in the context of management theory. In addition, we evaluate means
of assessing social welfare and urge scholars not to make (or imply) unwarranted
“wealth creation” claims.
Over a decade ago, Walsh, Weber, and
Margolis (2003) lamented the lack of attention to
social welfare issues by management scholars.
Using data ranging from the research topics of
paperspublishedinmajorjournalstomembershipin
various Academy divisions, they made a strong case
that organizational scholarship had drifted from its
roots—which had emphasized both the social and
the economic objectives of organizations—to focus
overwhelmingly on the economic objectives alone.
Thisdriftwasregrettable,intheirview,bothbecause
it limited the range of intellectual inquiry in organi-
zational studies and because it meant that the find-
ings of organizational scholarship were not being
applied in ways that might result in better societies.
Two years later, the Academy of Management
Journal (AMJ, 2005) published a special forum on
organizational research in the public interest,
again calling for more consideration of social
welfare in organizational research.
Both Walsh et al. (2003) and many of the authors
in the AMJ special forum called for an integration
of social and economic objectives. Neoclassical
economists might have suggested that this call
was/is unnecessary. A market-oriented economic
system has been defended from a number of per-
spectives, including the protection of political
freedom through economic freedom, the pro-
tection of property rights, and the honoring of
contractual obligations. But an important foun-
dational justification for the system is based on
utilitarianism, the moral philosopher’s term for
Lynn Stout, originally a special issue editor, also made
contributions to this special topic forum. Judith Edwards con-
tributed several editorial refinements.
216
Copyright of the Academy of Management, all rights reserved. Contents may not be copied, emailed, posted to a listserv, or otherwise transmitted without the copyright
holder’s express written permission. Users may print, dow ...
2An Evaluation of UPSAn Evaluation of UPSs Approa.docxjesusamckone
2
An Evaluation of UPS
An Evaluation of UPS's Approach toward Sustainability
An Evaluation of UPS's Approach toward Sustainability
The ethical dilemma witnessed in UPS provides an essential point of focus in determining the application of strategies in tackling different stakeholder's interests to achieve the objectives of the company. The dealing with the needs of the company must put the interests of stakeholders at stake to ensure that each group is satisfied with the operations of the organization. In the analysis of UPS, it is possible to explain the emerging issues by focusing on various forms of ethics to handle. Examples of ethical factors relevant in this discussion include the utilitarian, virtue, Kantian, and rights approaches (Herschel & Miori, 2017; Kalokairinou, 2018). Solving the ethical dilemma at UPS is possible by an emphasis on identification of the problem, balance sheet approach, engaging people, and the application of ethical reasoning to accomplish the misunderstanding.
Internal and external stakeholders have divergent views regarding the support of sustainable activities to society and the environment. Internal stakeholders include shareholders, the management, the chief financial officer, and other employees while the external stakeholders include the government, environmental agencies, suppliers, and competitors, among others. The major challenge regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) lies in the use of resources that may not have the required returns from the perspective of the shareholders (Kolk, 2016). The internal environment of the business is likely going to focus on the financial aspects of the firm and the benefits of the shareholders to an extent of suspending sustainability activities as evident in the case study where other workers do not understand the CFO's commitment to CSR. The existence of different ideas regarding the problem in the company makes it necessary to apply approaches that help solve ethical dilemmas.
The four aspects applicable in UPS include debating the moral choice, using the balance sheet approach, engaging individuals at different levels in the organization, and integrating the final resolution into the strategic activities of the management (Herschel & Miori, 2017). It is essential to note that the application of these steps must use provisions of various ethical theories and approaches such as utilitarian, virtue, or Kantianism, depending on the factor that is affecting the organization. According to Kalokairinou (2018), CSR mostly applies the ideals of virtue and utilitarianism because the business enterprise such as UPS must engage in activities that are beneficial to a large number of people to make such an engagement a right. The public, therefore, is an example of the beneficiaries of environmental initiatives that ensure conservation and sustainability.
In the case study, the CFO should debate the moral choices of providing benefits t.
Determinants of Corporate SocialResponsibility Disclosure .docxduketjoy27252
Determinants of Corporate Social
Responsibility Disclosure Ratings
by Spanish Listed Firms Carmelo Reverte
ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether
a number of firm and industry characteristics, as well as
media exposure, are potential determinants of corporate
social responsibility (CSR) disclosure practices by Spanish
listed firms. Empirical studies have shown that CSR dis-
closure activism varies across companies, industries, and
time (Gray et al., Accounting, Auditing & Accountability
Journal 8(2), 47–77, 1995; Journal of Business Finance &
Accounting 28(3/4), 327–356, 2001; Hackston and Milne,
Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 9(1), 77–108,
1996; Cormier and Magnan, Journal of International Finan-
cial Management and Accounting 1(2), 171–195, 2003; Cor-
mier et al., European Accounting Review 14(1), 3–39, 2005),
which is usually justified by reference to several theoretical
constructs, such as the legitimacy, stakeholder, and agency
theories. Our findings evidence that firms with higher
CSR ratings present a statistically significant larger size and
a higher media exposure, and belong to more environ-
mentally sensitive industries, as compared to firms with
lower CSR ratings. However, neither profitability nor
leverage seem to explain differences in CSR disclosure
practices between Spanish listed firms. The most influen-
tial variable for explaining firms’ variation in CSR ratings is
media exposure, followed by size and industry. Therefore,
it seems that the legitimacy theory, as captured by those
variables related to public or social visibility, is the most
relevant theory for explaining CSR disclosure practices of
Spanish listed firms.
KEY WORDS: corporate social responsibility disclosure,
Spain
Introduction
Over the last few decades there has been a growing
public awareness of the role of corporations in
society. Many of the firms which have been credited
with contributing to economic and technological
progress have been criticized for creating social
problems. Issues such as pollution, waste, resource
depletion, product quality and safety, the rights and
status of workers, and the power of large corpora-
tions have become the focus of increasing attention
and concern. In this context, companies have been
increasingly urged to become accountable to a wider
audience than shareholder and creditor groups. As a
matter of fact, public awareness and interest in
environmental and social issues and increased
attention in mass media have resulted in more social
disclosures from corporations in the last two decades
(Deegan and Gordon, 1996; Gray et al., 1995;
Hooghiemstra, 2000; Kolk, 2003). In the European
Union context, the publication of the Green Paper
(2001) by the European Commission launched a
wide debate on how the EU could promote cor-
porate social responsibility (CSR). Although there is
still no universal definition of CSR (Godfrey and
Hatch, 2007), mos.
115
law43665_ch06_115-136.indd 115 11/14/18 01:42 PM
C H A P T E R S I X
Organizational Ethics
Faced with increasing pressure to create an ethical environment at work, businesses can take
tangible steps to improve their ethical performance. The organization’s culture and ethical work
climate play a central role in promoting ethics at work. Ethical situations arise in all areas and func-
tions of business, and often professional associations seek to guide managers in addressing these
challenges. Corporations can also implement ethical safeguards to create a comprehensive ethics
program. This can become a complex challenge when facing different customs and regulations
around the world.
This Chapter Focuses on These Key Learning Objectives:
LO 6-1 Classifying an organization’s culture and ethical climate.
LO 6-2 Recognizing ethics challenges across the multiple functions of business.
LO 6-3 Creating effective ethics policies and identifying responsible individuals to become the
organization’s ethics and compliance officer.
LO 6-4 Constructing successful ethics reporting mechanisms, ethics training programs, and similar
safeguards.
LO 6-5 Understanding how to conduct business ethically in the global marketplace.
Final PDF to printer
116 Part Two Business and Ethics
law43665_ch06_115-136.indd 116 11/14/18 01:42 PM
In 2016, British regulators fined the U.S. pharmaceutical giant Pfizer $107 million for
overcharging 48,000 patients in their national health care system for the generic version of
the epilepsy drug phenytoin sodium. Pfizer had worked with the drug distribution com-
pany, Flynn Pharma Limited, to de-brand the drug in 2012 in order to raise the price to
insurers. Generic drugs are not normally subject to government—pharmaceutical com-
pany negotiations, so the prices could be freely determined by Pfizer. The drug company
charged wholesalers and pharmacies a price 17 times higher than the amount it had
charged before 2012.1
In 2016, Wells Fargo, a global banking and financial giant, was fined $185 million
for issuing credit cards to consumers without their consent. Over a period of five years,
Wells Fargo employees opened around 1.5 million unauthorized bank accounts and issued
over half a million credit cards fraudulently. Over time, consumers started to accumulate
banking fees for accounts they did not want or know about. Some of the victims were even
contacted by debt collectors for not paying their fees. Wells Fargo refunded approximately
$2.6 million to the affected consumers, but the damage to these individuals’ credit ratings
lingered on. Over 5,300 Wells Fargo employees and managers involved in the scandal were
fired as the firm cited major weaknesses in the company’s corporate culture.2
Pfizer and Wells Fargo are just two of many companies from around the world that
over the years have been charged with excessive pricing, defrauding their customers, lying
about their finances, misha.
This is a Key Note Presentation entitle "STATISTICS & MANAGERIAL ETHICS : OVERVIEW OF PROBLEMS AND TOTAL SOLUTIONS" was presented at The 1st ISM International Statistical Conference (ISM-1)”, Johor Baharu, Malaysia, 4-6 September 2012, which was held at Persada International Convention Centre, Johor Baharu, Malaysia.
I have revised the presentation to include Maqasid Al Shariah as a solution to problems Managerial Ethics in Statistics. I have redefined statistics as follows:
"Statistics is a scientific method of collecting, organizing, presenting, analysing and interpreting numerical information, developed from mathematical theory of probability, within the ethical values of Maqasid al-Shariah”
Corporate social respobsibility:Is it positive or negative, Contradictory vie...Ali jili'ow
This paper emphasizes weather corporate social responsibility is positive or negative,the paper presents concepts, history and definition of social responsibility, finally the paper discusses different arguments that supports or challenges this concept.
This article is published in a peer-reviewed section of the Ut.docxrandymartin91030
This article is published in a peer-reviewed section of the Utrecht Law Review
51
Four Case Studies on Corporate Social Responsibility:
Do Conflicts Affect a Company’s Corporate Social
Responsibility Policy?
Cristina A. Cedillo Torres,
Mercedes Garcia-French,
Rosemarie Hordijk,
Kim Nguyen, Lana Olup*
http://www.utrechtlawreview.org | Volume 8, Issue 3 (November) 2012 | URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-112903 |
1. Introduction
1.1. Background and objectives
This article will discuss the different Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues that emerged within
four multinationals (Apple, Canon, Coca-Cola and Walmart). There is no clear definition of CSR. In
Corporate Social Responsibility, Legal and semi-legal frameworks supporting CSR Lambooy gives an
overview of several definitions of CSR.1 The European Commission defines CSR as ‘the responsibility
of enterprises for their impacts on society’.2 This is the definition which is the most suitable for the
context of the article’s research question. As this article will focus on companies from the US and Japan,
the authors also provide an overview of the focus on CSR from the US and Japanese perspective. In the
US there is no governmental regulation regarding CSR or business best practices. Instead, according
to findings from Bennett American, companies have a marked tendency to use codes of conduct.3 The
American CSR perspective could be described as following a principles-based approach, with codes of
conduct that prescribe values and principles which company members as a whole should aspire to follow.
In contrast, Japanese companies prefer to focus on areas where their contributions can be statistically
measured. Interest in social aspects of CSR is significantly less pronounced than in other industrialized
countries.4 In Japan there are no specific provisions regulating CSR. However, the 1988 law that promotes
specific non-profit activities is of major significance in this context.5
Early notions of CSR on an academic level can be traced back to the 1960s. In 1991 Carroll presented
CSR as a multi-layered concept that consists of four interrelated aspects: economic, legal, ethical and
philanthropic responsibilities.6 Carroll proposed a pyramid that analyses the dimension of CSR. It starts
* C.A. Cedillo Torres MA, LLM, [email protected]; M. Garcia-French LLM, [email protected]; R.M. Hordijk LLM,
MA, is a researcher at the Molengraaff Institute for Private Law, at Utrecht University School of Law, Utrecht (the Netherlands),
[email protected]; P.K. Nguyen LLM, [email protected]; L. Olup LLM, [email protected] The research for this
article ended on 30 June 2012. For further information on this article please contact: Rosemarie Hordijk, e-mail: [email protected]
1 T.E. Lambooy, Corporate Social Responsibility. Legal and semi-legal frameworks supporting CSR, 2010, pp. 10-12.
2 European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Economic and So.