This is about the History of Education from the Saraceans/ Saracens

3. •Saracen (/ˈsærəsən/ SARR-ə-sən)
was a term used by European
Christians during the Middle Ages
to refer to Muslims—usually Arabs,
Turks, and Iranians.
•They began 600 years AFTER the
birth of Christ
•Mohammed took its roots on Arabia
www.britannica,.com

4. ORIGIN OF SARACEANS
In the Middle Ages, any person—Arab, Turk, or other—who professed
the religion of Islām. Earlier in the Roman world, there had been
references to Saracens (Greek: Sarakenoi) by late classical authors in
the first three centuries AD, the term being then applied to
an Arab tribe living in the Sinai Peninsula. In the following centuries the
use of the term by Christians was extended to cover Arab tribes in
general; and, after the establishment of the caliphate,
the Byzantines referred to all Muslim subjects of the caliph as Saracens.
Through the Byzantines and the crusaders, the name spread into
western Europe, where it was long in general use and has survived until
modern times.

6. Why Were Arabs and
Muslims Called Saracens
in the Medieval and the
Renaissance Literature?
Hamed Suliman Abuthawabeh of Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan
Abuthawabeh, H. S. (2019). Why Were Arabs and Muslims Called Saracens in the
Medieval and the Renaissance Literature?. European Scientific Journal, ESJ,
15(26), 139. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n26p139

8. Islamic /Saracenic
Approach to Education
•Islam- religion founded by Mohammed
•Moslems/ Muslims- followers of Islam
•Koran/ Quran- sacred scripture of the Muslim
•Saracens- is another term for Arabs

9. ISLAMIC CALLIGRAPHY
They used it to represent God
because they denied representing
God with images
Calligraphy is especially revered
among Islamic arts since it was the
primary means for the preservation
of the Qur’an

10. Greatness of the
Saracens/ Most
Notable Features

11. 1. They had the ability to assimilate
the best in the intellectual culture of
the people with whom they came in
contact and to apply this heritage to
their own practical needs.

12. 2. They created the scientific
spirit of investigation and
experimentation and for the
invention and improvement of the
tools of Science.

13. AIMS OF THE
SARACENIC
EDUCATION

14. 1. The SOLE aim of bringing harmony and solidarity in
man’s physical, mental, emotional and moral aspects of life
is to make him able to discharge the great responsibility of
God’s vicegerency (position, territory)
2. To shape the behavior of the young so that they may
shoulder the responsibility of Amr bill maroof-wa-nah-anil-
tmnkar (enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong)
3. To search for knowledge and application of scientific facts
to the affairs of daily life. Development of individual initiative
and social welfare.

15. TO DEVELOP THE INDIVIDUAL’S
INITIATIVE AND SOCIAL WELFARE-
liberal education in its truest sense
2.1. There was no hierarchy among doctors, teachers and
priests
2.2. There was very little need for education except for
teachers of divinity and philosophy
2.3. Education was free and gave more emphasis on the
improvement of life

16. To search for knowledge and
on application of scientific
facts to daily life
3.1. SCIENCE was studied for intellectual
exercise and application of useful arts and
crafts
3.2. READING is studied for the
preservation of life

18. 3.3. MEDICINE was stressed for the
preservation of life
3.4. ASTRONOMY was studied as
an aid to geography and navigation

20. TYPESOFISLAMIC/
SARACENICEDUCATION

21. EDUCATION
2. INTELLECTUAL
TRAINING
3. EDUCATION WAS
UNIVERSAL

22. CONTENTOFISLAMIC/
SARACENICEDUCATION

23. CURRICULUM OF THE
MUSLIM SCHOOL
– was the MOST COMPLETE
and MOST CAREFULLY
organized in the elementary,
secondary and higher levels.

24. SUBJECT MATTER
– in the elementary level consisted of
READING, WRITING, ARITHMETIC,
RELIGION, GRAMMAR and SCIENCE

25. AT HIGHER LEVEL
– it consisted of ALGEBRA, GEOMETRY,
TRIGONOMETRY, PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY,
GEOGRAPHY, ASTRONOMY, ANATOMY,
PHARMACY, MEDICINE, SURGERY,
PHILOLOGY, HISTORY, LITERATURE, LOGIC,
METAPHYSICS and LAW.

27. KORAN
– was taught at ALL
LEVELS

28. ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
– were set up WHERE needed

29. SARACENIC HOMES
AND CITIES
– were equipped with
facilities and luxuries
that their European
neighbors had not even
dreamed of

30. AGENCIES AND
ORGANIZATIONS

31. 1. MUSLIM LEADERS
known as CALIPHS were instrumental
in the founding of elementary
schools, academics, universities and
libraries

32. 2. Each MOSQUE
established an elementary school

33. 3. RICH MUSLIMS
donate large sums of money for
education

34. 4. UNIVERSITIES AND
LIBRARIES
were made available to all

35. METHODS
OF
INSTRUCTI
ONS

36. 1. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
2. REPETITION AND DRILL
3. CATECHETICAL
4. MEMORIZATION
5. LECTURE
6. TRAVEL
7. EXPLANATION

37. KNOWLEDGE (

38. ISLAMIC/SARACENIC
EDUCATION’SCONTRIBUTION
TOMODERNEDUCATION
HTTPS://WWW.ATIKASCHOOL.ORG/ISLAMIC-RELIGIOUS-EDUCATION-IRE-QUESTIONS-AND-ANSWERS/STATE-SIX-CONTRIBUTIONS-
OF-MUSLIM-SCHOLARS-TO-EDUCATION

39. •Muslim scholars authored books which enriched
knowledge and led to the development of education.
•Muslim scholars have championed and advocated for the
establishment of learning institutions so as to promote
and improve education.
•Scholars have undertaken translation of books/works of
education into other languages so as to facilitate learning
and promote education.
•The Muslim scholars were themselves teachers and took
part in imparting knowledge to their students.

40. •Muslims scholars have supported and advocated for the
education of women.
•Muslim scholars supported and advocated for secular
education.
•Muslim scholars have established learning institutions
which have facilitated the education of many Muslims.
•Muslim scholars have contributed original ideas and
concepts in various fields of education e.g. philosophy,
sociology, mathematics, medicine e.t.c. that are
accepted even in contemporary times.

41. CONTRIBUTIONS
OF MUSLIMS/
SARACEANS TO
WORLD
CIVILIZATION

42. 1. Pendulum Clock
2. Discovered nitric and sulfuric Acid
3. Introduced the compass and gunpowder
4. Raised cotton, rice and sugar
5. Cultivated silkworms
6. Explain refraction of light, gravity, capillary
action and twilight
7. Determined the height of the atmosphere,
weight of air and specific gravity of bodies

43. FOR THE SARACEANS:
•EDUCATION WAS
THE RIGHT OF ALL

44. THANK YOU AND GOOD MORNING!
