The document discusses water and soil resources. It describes the water cycle and different sources of freshwater including surface water like streams, ponds and lakes which provide habitat. Groundwater is another important source found below ground in aquifers. Oceans play a key role in regulating global temperatures by distributing and absorbing heat. The document also outlines how human activities like pollution, water extraction, deforestation and climate change can negatively impact water resources. Soil forms at the intersection of various Earth systems and is sensitive to environmental changes, and certain human practices such as farming, overgrazing and construction can harm soil quality.

1. WATER AND SOIL
RESOURCES
EARTH SCIENCE

2. WATER CYCLE
Water exists as solid, liquid, and gas so it can
be found in the hydrosphere, the geosphere,
and even in the atmosphere.
The movement of the water around the
Earth’s surface is known as water cycle

3. WATER CYCLE

4. WATER RESOURCES
SURFACE WATER
Surface water includes freshwater in streams, ponds
and lakes. They are important parts of the water
cycle because they are essential to living organisms
as water resources. These water reservoirs are
habitat to a wide variety of organisms and food
resources for higher forms of organisms.

5. WATER RESOURCES

6. WATER RESOURCES
GROUNDWATER
Freshwater, which is not frozen, is found below the surface as
groundwater. Due to its high quality, groundwater is sourced
mostly to supply drinking water and support farming in dry
climates. The resource is considered renewable as long as
groundwater is not withdrawn faster than nature can replenish it,
although in many dry regions groundwater is hardly replenished.
Groundwater found in aquifers is the largest reservoir of freshwater
in the planet. Aquifers are porous and permeable rock layers, two
properties that make them hold water.

7. WATER RESOURCES

8. WATER RESOURCES
OCEANS
The earth will be different planet without the oceans.
Oceans play a major role in regulating global
temperatures. The oceans together with the
atmosphere, distribute heat to the different parts of
the planet. They absorb heat in the equatorial regions
and distribute it to the polar regions. They also bring
the cold temperature of the polar region to the
equator.

9. WATER RESOURCES

10. HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT
WATER RESOURCES
 Activities like farming, forest clearing, road building, and mining,
if improperly managed, can bring too much soil and suspended
particles in rivers. These particles can damage the ecosystem,
contaminate the water, and obstruct boats plying along the river.
 Pollution can damage water resources and aquatic ecosystems.
 Extracting large amounts of water from surface water and ground
water is a serious problem. This is due in part to poor water
management and deforestation.
 Climate Change, which is a likely effect of human activities, makes
water scarce in some parts of the planet.

11. SOIL RESOURCES
Soil forms where the solid Earth, atmosphere,
hydrosphere, and the biosphere meet. Soil
develops from the environmental interactions
of these different Earth systems. It is sensitive
to the different changes in the environment.

12. HUMAN PRACTICES THAT
HARM THE SOIL
Farming
Overgrazing
Construction and Development
Mining
Waste Disposal