Corrosion inhibition study of bract extract of Musa acuminata inflorescence o...IOSR Journals
Inhibition efficiency of acid extract of dry Musa acuminata bract as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1N hydrochloric acid was investigated in the present study. Experimental methods include weight loss, polarization and surface analysis studies. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in inhibitor concentration and decreased with temperature suggesting the occurrence of physical adsorption. Potentiodynamic polarization curves reveal that inhibitor perform as a mixed type of inhibitor. The electrochemical impedance study showed a decrease in double layer capacitance as the adsorption of inhibitor lead to structural change at electrode-solution interface thereby controlling the mild steel dissolution by charge transfer mechanism. The mild steel surface in the absence and presence of the inhibitor was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption isotherms were tested and the experimental data fit well with the Langmuir adsorption. Corrosion inhibitor has efficiency as high as 94.93% at 2% v/v inhibitor concentration. Inhibition mechanism can be attributed to the adsorption of phytochemical compounds of the bract extract on the surface of the mild steel.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Anti Inflammatory Activity of Ormosia Calavensis Azola Bahai Leaf Extractijtsrd
This study determined the anti inflammatory activity of Ormosia calavensis azola Bahai leaf extract. The physical properties test shows that the plant extract is acidic, less dense in water and polar. The alkaloids, flavonoids, leucoanthocyanin, saponin, tannin and terpenoids were positive in Bahai leaf extract. Application of the three treatments shows the following results the negative control rapidly increases the thickness of paw with reddish color of inflammation after treated with carrageenan. Both the positive control and the plant extract had significant reduction effect on the inflammation. These results implied that Bahai leaf extract is an effective anti inflammatory substitute. The researcher recommends the following perform further study of the compounds structure present in the Bahai plant perform further study of anti inflammatory using the positive control indomethacin perform further study using other Bahai plant parts like rots and bark perform further study of plant extract in other uses such as high blood pressure, dysentery and etc. Jellian B. Pedong | Melinda C. Getalado ""Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ormosia Calavensis Azola (Bahai) Leaf Extract"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25223.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/biotechnology-/25223/anti-inflammatory-activity-of-ormosia-calavensis-azola-bahai-leaf-extract/jellian-b-pedong
Electrophoretic Patterns of Esterases in Eri silkworm Samia Cynthia riciniIOSR Journals
The present study was carried out to investigate the patterns of esterase isozymes extracted from the silk gland, haemolymph and mid gut of Eri silkworm (Samia Cynthia ricini). The qualitative analysis of esterases was carried out by 7.5% of native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). The inhibitor sensitivity of the enzymes towards paraxon, eserine and pCMB was used to classify the individual zones of esterases. Three zones of esterases were observed in different tissues of Eri silkworm. Silk gland esterases were classified as CHsp (Cholinesterase like enzymes) esterases. The haemolymph and mid gut esterases were classified into Esdp (Enzyme inhibited by paraxon and pCMB).
Corrosion inhibition study of bract extract of Musa acuminata inflorescence o...IOSR Journals
Inhibition efficiency of acid extract of dry Musa acuminata bract as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1N hydrochloric acid was investigated in the present study. Experimental methods include weight loss, polarization and surface analysis studies. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in inhibitor concentration and decreased with temperature suggesting the occurrence of physical adsorption. Potentiodynamic polarization curves reveal that inhibitor perform as a mixed type of inhibitor. The electrochemical impedance study showed a decrease in double layer capacitance as the adsorption of inhibitor lead to structural change at electrode-solution interface thereby controlling the mild steel dissolution by charge transfer mechanism. The mild steel surface in the absence and presence of the inhibitor was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption isotherms were tested and the experimental data fit well with the Langmuir adsorption. Corrosion inhibitor has efficiency as high as 94.93% at 2% v/v inhibitor concentration. Inhibition mechanism can be attributed to the adsorption of phytochemical compounds of the bract extract on the surface of the mild steel.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Anti Inflammatory Activity of Ormosia Calavensis Azola Bahai Leaf Extractijtsrd
This study determined the anti inflammatory activity of Ormosia calavensis azola Bahai leaf extract. The physical properties test shows that the plant extract is acidic, less dense in water and polar. The alkaloids, flavonoids, leucoanthocyanin, saponin, tannin and terpenoids were positive in Bahai leaf extract. Application of the three treatments shows the following results the negative control rapidly increases the thickness of paw with reddish color of inflammation after treated with carrageenan. Both the positive control and the plant extract had significant reduction effect on the inflammation. These results implied that Bahai leaf extract is an effective anti inflammatory substitute. The researcher recommends the following perform further study of the compounds structure present in the Bahai plant perform further study of anti inflammatory using the positive control indomethacin perform further study using other Bahai plant parts like rots and bark perform further study of plant extract in other uses such as high blood pressure, dysentery and etc. Jellian B. Pedong | Melinda C. Getalado ""Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ormosia Calavensis Azola (Bahai) Leaf Extract"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25223.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/biotechnology-/25223/anti-inflammatory-activity-of-ormosia-calavensis-azola-bahai-leaf-extract/jellian-b-pedong
Electrophoretic Patterns of Esterases in Eri silkworm Samia Cynthia riciniIOSR Journals
The present study was carried out to investigate the patterns of esterase isozymes extracted from the silk gland, haemolymph and mid gut of Eri silkworm (Samia Cynthia ricini). The qualitative analysis of esterases was carried out by 7.5% of native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). The inhibitor sensitivity of the enzymes towards paraxon, eserine and pCMB was used to classify the individual zones of esterases. Three zones of esterases were observed in different tissues of Eri silkworm. Silk gland esterases were classified as CHsp (Cholinesterase like enzymes) esterases. The haemolymph and mid gut esterases were classified into Esdp (Enzyme inhibited by paraxon and pCMB).
Genotoxicity Induced by Food Coloring Dyes on Meristematic Cells Root Tips of...ijtsrd
Food color has a great impact on food consumption and production. Many companies, restaurants and markets use the color perception theory to increase their sales. Recent studies have shown the negative impact of the food colors. So we analyzed the effect of synthetic food colors like orange red, lemon yellow, kesar yellow and apple green on actively dividing root tip cells of Allium cepa. Four different dyes were administered for the treatment of actively dividing root tip cells for 7 day duration along with control. Mitotic analysis clearly revealed the dye induced endpoint deviation like reduction in the frequency of normal divisions in a dose dependent manner. Mitotic divisions in the control sets were found to be normal dye has induced several chromosomal aberrations genotoxic effect at various stages of cell cycle such as stickiness of chromosomes, micronuclei formation, precocious migration of chromosome, unorientation, forward movement of chromosome, laggards, and Chromatin Bridge. Among all, stickiness of chromosomes was present in the highest frequency followed by partial genome elimination as micronuclei. The present study suggests that extensive use of synthetic dye should be forbidden due to genotoxic and cytotoxic impacts on living cells. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess potential hazardous effects of these food colors on other test systems like human and nonhuman biota for better scrutiny. Sheetal Kaur | Priyadarshini Halady | B. Revathi | Lodhi Bushra | Dr. Swapna ""Genotoxicity Induced by Food Coloring Dyes on Meristematic Cells (Root Tips) of Allium Cepa"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23568.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/cytology/23568/genotoxicity-induced-by-food-coloring-dyes-on-meristematic-cells-root-tips-of-allium-cepa/sheetal-kaur
Onion (Allium Cepa) Genotoxicity Test
Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and LCA
Department of Environmental Chemistry, ICT Prague
References:
1. FERETTI, D., ZERBINI, I., ZANI, C., CERETTI, E., MORETTI,M.,MONARCA, S. (2007): Allium cepa chromosome
abberation and micronucleus tests applied to study genotoxicity of extracts from pesticide-treated vegetables and
grapes. Food Addit. Contam. 24 (6): 561-572.
2. RANK, J., NIELSEN, M.H. (1997): Allium anaphase-telophase genotoxicity assay. Department of Environment,
Technology and Social Studies, Roskilde University, Denmark.
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Dioon spi...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial studies of leaf and rachis of Dioon spinulosum Dyer ex Eichl. The phytochemical screening of the plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrate, and phenols, whereas saponin was absent. The phenolic content expressed as mg/g gallic acid equivalent was determined and was more in methanolic extract of leaf (29.40 mg) than rachis (8.76 mg). Flavonoid contents were also greater in leaves than in rachis and methanol extract contained higher content (2.812 mg/g) than water (1.923 mg/g). Terpenoids were more in the aqueous extracts of both leaf and rachis when compared to methanol extracts. Antioxidant activity of both leaf and rachis extracts was conducted using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Leaf extract showed more DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 130 μg/ml when compared to the rachis of D. spinulosum Dyer ex Eichl. The reducing capability of the leaf extract was found to be more when compared to rachis. The antibacterial potential was evaluated with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans by agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was observed only at higher concentration (1000 μg/ml) with inhibition zones of 12 mm and 13 mm.
ANTI - INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF JATROPHA GOSSYPIFOLIA L.Raju Sanghvi
BY HRBC MEMBRANE STABILIZATION METHOD, Introduction, Preparation of extracts, Chemicals and instruments, In vitro anti – inflammatory activity, Acute oral toxicity study, Discussion
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Characterization of the Volatile Components of the Leaf of Starchytarpheta ca...Premier Publishers
The GC/MS analysis, phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of the leaf extract of Stachytarpheta cayennesis was carried out in the laboratory as a part of our probe into the usefulness of the plant in medicinal applications. GC-MS analysis was obtained by the use of SHIMADZU Japan Gas Chromatography 5890-11 with a fused GC column OV 101 coated with polymethyl silicon (0.25 mm x 50 m). Results obtained revealed 13 absorption peaks; Peak 1 occurred at m/z 128 which corresponds to the molecular formula C10H8 and is identified as Azulene.Similarly Peak 2, 3, 4, 5 ,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, occurred at m/z 220, 200,242, 240, 268, 270, 256 ,296 ,296, 282, 281, 252 respectively corresponding to molecular formulas; C15H24O, C12H24O2, C15H30O2, C17H36, C19H40, C17H34O2, C16H32O2, C19H36O2, C20H40O C18H34O2, and C18H35NO. They were identified as Butylated Hydroxytoluene, Dodecanoic acid, Methyl tetradecanoate, Heptadecane, Nonadecane, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecanoic acid methyl ester, Phytol, Octadec-9-enoic acid, 9-octadecenamide, and 11-tetradecyl-1-ol acetate respectively. At concentrations of 100mg/cm3 the extract showed inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, 8mm, Klesiella spp 9mm, Proteus mirabilis 5mm and Pseudomonas aureginosa 5mm. The minimum inhibition concentrations are 25mm/cm3 for Staphylococcus aureus, 12.5mg/cm3 for Klebsiella spp, 25mg/cm3 for Proteus mirabilis and 12.5mg/cm3 for Pseudomonas aureginosa. These result are very close to those obtained when standard antibiotics levofloxacin and streptomycin.
A REVIEW ON THE AYURVE DIC HERB TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L. M.D. UKANI, D.D. NA...Georgi Daskalov
A REVIEW ON THE AYURVE
DIC HERB TRIBULUS
TERRESTRIS L.
M.D. UKANI, D.D. NANAVATI and N.K. MEHTA
BAN LABS Pvt. Ltd., Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Na
gar, Gondal Road (South), Rajkot – 360 004,
Gujara
Studies on the mycorrhiza of Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. from Western...IOSR Journals
Mycorrhizal association of Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. an endangered terrestrial orchid
in the Western Ghats of Karnataka has been investigated. Anatomical studies of the fully grown orchid have
revealed the presence of the fungal coils in the cells of the pseudobulb and in the cortical region of the root,
indicating the continued association of the fungus with the plant. The degree of colonisation was extensive in the
root . Pure culture of the fungus associated with the underground parts of the plant was obtained and identified
as Rhizoctonia solani, a common mycorrhiza forming species with many orchids. The rhizosphere soil analysis
of the nutrients was carried out which revealed the decreased level of phosphate when compared to nitrogen
and potassium. Nutrient analysis supports the fact that mycorrhizal association occurs under the deficiency of
soil nutrients like phosphate.
Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Studies of Kukutnakhi- Aspidium Cicutariu...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Kukkutnakhi,(Aspidium cicutarium) a folklore plant claimed to be used for cure of inflammation. This article is an insight to explore its hidden values and establish a scientific validation of unexplored plant.
Genotoxicity Induced by Food Coloring Dyes on Meristematic Cells Root Tips of...ijtsrd
Food color has a great impact on food consumption and production. Many companies, restaurants and markets use the color perception theory to increase their sales. Recent studies have shown the negative impact of the food colors. So we analyzed the effect of synthetic food colors like orange red, lemon yellow, kesar yellow and apple green on actively dividing root tip cells of Allium cepa. Four different dyes were administered for the treatment of actively dividing root tip cells for 7 day duration along with control. Mitotic analysis clearly revealed the dye induced endpoint deviation like reduction in the frequency of normal divisions in a dose dependent manner. Mitotic divisions in the control sets were found to be normal dye has induced several chromosomal aberrations genotoxic effect at various stages of cell cycle such as stickiness of chromosomes, micronuclei formation, precocious migration of chromosome, unorientation, forward movement of chromosome, laggards, and Chromatin Bridge. Among all, stickiness of chromosomes was present in the highest frequency followed by partial genome elimination as micronuclei. The present study suggests that extensive use of synthetic dye should be forbidden due to genotoxic and cytotoxic impacts on living cells. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess potential hazardous effects of these food colors on other test systems like human and nonhuman biota for better scrutiny. Sheetal Kaur | Priyadarshini Halady | B. Revathi | Lodhi Bushra | Dr. Swapna ""Genotoxicity Induced by Food Coloring Dyes on Meristematic Cells (Root Tips) of Allium Cepa"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23568.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/cytology/23568/genotoxicity-induced-by-food-coloring-dyes-on-meristematic-cells-root-tips-of-allium-cepa/sheetal-kaur
Onion (Allium Cepa) Genotoxicity Test
Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and LCA
Department of Environmental Chemistry, ICT Prague
References:
1. FERETTI, D., ZERBINI, I., ZANI, C., CERETTI, E., MORETTI,M.,MONARCA, S. (2007): Allium cepa chromosome
abberation and micronucleus tests applied to study genotoxicity of extracts from pesticide-treated vegetables and
grapes. Food Addit. Contam. 24 (6): 561-572.
2. RANK, J., NIELSEN, M.H. (1997): Allium anaphase-telophase genotoxicity assay. Department of Environment,
Technology and Social Studies, Roskilde University, Denmark.
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Dioon spi...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial studies of leaf and rachis of Dioon spinulosum Dyer ex Eichl. The phytochemical screening of the plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrate, and phenols, whereas saponin was absent. The phenolic content expressed as mg/g gallic acid equivalent was determined and was more in methanolic extract of leaf (29.40 mg) than rachis (8.76 mg). Flavonoid contents were also greater in leaves than in rachis and methanol extract contained higher content (2.812 mg/g) than water (1.923 mg/g). Terpenoids were more in the aqueous extracts of both leaf and rachis when compared to methanol extracts. Antioxidant activity of both leaf and rachis extracts was conducted using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Leaf extract showed more DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 130 μg/ml when compared to the rachis of D. spinulosum Dyer ex Eichl. The reducing capability of the leaf extract was found to be more when compared to rachis. The antibacterial potential was evaluated with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans by agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was observed only at higher concentration (1000 μg/ml) with inhibition zones of 12 mm and 13 mm.
ANTI - INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF JATROPHA GOSSYPIFOLIA L.Raju Sanghvi
BY HRBC MEMBRANE STABILIZATION METHOD, Introduction, Preparation of extracts, Chemicals and instruments, In vitro anti – inflammatory activity, Acute oral toxicity study, Discussion
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Characterization of the Volatile Components of the Leaf of Starchytarpheta ca...Premier Publishers
The GC/MS analysis, phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of the leaf extract of Stachytarpheta cayennesis was carried out in the laboratory as a part of our probe into the usefulness of the plant in medicinal applications. GC-MS analysis was obtained by the use of SHIMADZU Japan Gas Chromatography 5890-11 with a fused GC column OV 101 coated with polymethyl silicon (0.25 mm x 50 m). Results obtained revealed 13 absorption peaks; Peak 1 occurred at m/z 128 which corresponds to the molecular formula C10H8 and is identified as Azulene.Similarly Peak 2, 3, 4, 5 ,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, occurred at m/z 220, 200,242, 240, 268, 270, 256 ,296 ,296, 282, 281, 252 respectively corresponding to molecular formulas; C15H24O, C12H24O2, C15H30O2, C17H36, C19H40, C17H34O2, C16H32O2, C19H36O2, C20H40O C18H34O2, and C18H35NO. They were identified as Butylated Hydroxytoluene, Dodecanoic acid, Methyl tetradecanoate, Heptadecane, Nonadecane, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecanoic acid methyl ester, Phytol, Octadec-9-enoic acid, 9-octadecenamide, and 11-tetradecyl-1-ol acetate respectively. At concentrations of 100mg/cm3 the extract showed inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, 8mm, Klesiella spp 9mm, Proteus mirabilis 5mm and Pseudomonas aureginosa 5mm. The minimum inhibition concentrations are 25mm/cm3 for Staphylococcus aureus, 12.5mg/cm3 for Klebsiella spp, 25mg/cm3 for Proteus mirabilis and 12.5mg/cm3 for Pseudomonas aureginosa. These result are very close to those obtained when standard antibiotics levofloxacin and streptomycin.
A REVIEW ON THE AYURVE DIC HERB TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L. M.D. UKANI, D.D. NA...Georgi Daskalov
A REVIEW ON THE AYURVE
DIC HERB TRIBULUS
TERRESTRIS L.
M.D. UKANI, D.D. NANAVATI and N.K. MEHTA
BAN LABS Pvt. Ltd., Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Na
gar, Gondal Road (South), Rajkot – 360 004,
Gujara
Studies on the mycorrhiza of Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. from Western...IOSR Journals
Mycorrhizal association of Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. an endangered terrestrial orchid
in the Western Ghats of Karnataka has been investigated. Anatomical studies of the fully grown orchid have
revealed the presence of the fungal coils in the cells of the pseudobulb and in the cortical region of the root,
indicating the continued association of the fungus with the plant. The degree of colonisation was extensive in the
root . Pure culture of the fungus associated with the underground parts of the plant was obtained and identified
as Rhizoctonia solani, a common mycorrhiza forming species with many orchids. The rhizosphere soil analysis
of the nutrients was carried out which revealed the decreased level of phosphate when compared to nitrogen
and potassium. Nutrient analysis supports the fact that mycorrhizal association occurs under the deficiency of
soil nutrients like phosphate.
Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Studies of Kukutnakhi- Aspidium Cicutariu...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Kukkutnakhi,(Aspidium cicutarium) a folklore plant claimed to be used for cure of inflammation. This article is an insight to explore its hidden values and establish a scientific validation of unexplored plant.
GC/MS analysis and In-vitro Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Uloth...IOSRJPBS
The determination of phytochemical constituents, total phenol, flavonoid contents and antioxidant assays of methanol extract of Ulothrix flacca and its main constituent dimethyl sulfone was studied. The mass spectra of the compounds were matched with the NIST library. The GC-MS analysis of methanol extracts of Ulothrix flacca showed sixteen peaks. Of all the sixteen chemical compounds revealed from the GC-MS analysis of Ulothrix flacca, Dimethyl Sulfone (C2H6O2S) (RT-8.9), 4-Bromobenzoic Acid, 2-Chlorophenyl Ester (C13H8BrClO2) (RT-12.642), Tetradecanoic Acid, 10,13-Dimethyl-, Methyl Ester (C17H34O2) (RT-18.669) are the three major components. The methanol extracts of Ulothrix flacca possess phenolic and flavonoid content of (5.74 ± 0.45mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g Wt, and 12.58 ± 1.52mg quercetin eq/g wt) respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, for evaluating free radicle scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, Phosphomolybdenum assay and Metal chelating activity using BHT, Rutin and Quercetin. The highest radicle scavenging activity was shown by dimethyl sulfone (15.156mg/ml), which is higher than the BHT and Rutin. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Ulothrix flacca and Dimethyl sulfone showed an increase with increasing concentration indicating positive association with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract, which could be considered for future applications in medicine, dietary supplements ,cosmetics or food industries.
ABSTRACT- The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cadmium chloride on Histoarchiteceture of head kidney of fresh water fish Heteropneustes fossilis. The fishes were exposed to 0.5 ppm of cadmium chloride for 21 days. The most remarkable changes in head kidney, due to cadmium chloride were lysed condition of interrenal and chromaffin cells. The traces of cytoplasm had dark brown to black coloured cytoplasm. Most of cells are deformed and necrotic condition. Their size was significant at (P< 0.01 and 0.001) increased after cadmium chloride. All these changes will be recovered by herbal compound i.e. Ashwagandha. The damaged tissues were recovered in already treated group.
Key-words- Ashwagandha, Cadmium chloride, Chromaffin cells, Heteropneustes fossilis, Histopathology, Interrenal cells
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Extracts from the Leaves of Tithon...IOSR Journals
Phytochemical screening of extracts from the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia displayed the presence of
Alkaloids, Saponin, Saponin glycoside, Tannin, Balsam, Cardiac glycoside and Volatile oil. Spectrophotometric
analysis for trace metals, Phosphorus and Sulphur showed that T. diversifolia contained Mn (0.490+0.001
mg/100g), Zn (1.609+0.001 mg/100g), Cu (0.454+0.001 mg/100g), Ni (0.758+0.001 mg/100g), Fe
(0.690+0.002 mg/100g), P (55.62+0.200 mg/100g) and S (709+1.000 mg/100g). The medicinal properties of
the extract were evaluated in-vitro by antimicrobial and antifungal assays. The aqueous extract (but not
methanol and petroleum ether extracts) showed growth inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli, but Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were resistant to all the plant
extracts and the antibiotic controls. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the aqueous extract of T.
diversifolia on S. aureus and E. coli were both 12.50mg. The Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) of the
aqueous extract against the test organism ranged from 12.50mg to 25.00mg.
Seasonal variation of some bioactive compounds and Physiological Characterist...USUKHJARGAL DALAIKHU
We determined the phenolic and total flavonoid contents and some physiological characteristics (water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll index) of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., growing in the Botanical Garden, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. Cultivated plants were harvested at the beginning of vegetation (May), flowering (June), seed formation (July), seed dispersal (August) and end of vegetation season (September).
A Comparative Histological and Histochemical Study of Peritoneal Mast Cells o...QUESTJOURNAL
Introduction: Mast Cells Is Ubiquitously Present In Connective Tissue Of The Vertebrates And Has Numerous Functions And Plays The Foremost Role In Anaphylactiod Reaction. Aim And Objectives: The Main Purpose Of The Present Work Is To Make A Comparative Histological And Histochemical Study Between Peritoneal Mast Cells Of Albino Rat And Rabbit. Materials and Methods: The Stretch Preparation Of Tissues Were Taken From Albino Rat And Rabbit And Fixed In Two Types Of Fixatives; Formal Alcohol And Neutral Buffered Formalin. Then Subjected To Various Histochemical Stains. Results: Peritoneal Mast Cells Were More Frequent In The Mesentery Of Albino Rat And Less Frequent In Rabbit. Heparin Trisulphate Was Substantial But Heparin Môn sulphate Was Present In Small Amount In Mast Cells Of Albino Rat Whereas Both Types Of Heparin Were Present In Equal Amount In Rabbit. Neutral Mucopolysaccaride Was Found In Small Amount In Mast Cells Of Albino Rat Whereas It Was Absent In Rabbit. Conclusion: Heparin Trisulphate Is An Active Form Of Heparin And Is The Main Constituent Of The Peritoneal Mast Cell Granules Of Albino Rat Whereas In Rabbit Heparin Trisulphate And Heparin Monosulphate Are Present In Equal Amount.
medicinal properties of Terminallia chebula(harro) with its habit and habbitat,microscopic character, macroscopic character and plant have pharmacological properties like antioxidant,anticancer, cardioprotective activity,antidaibetic,antibactarial,antifungal,antiviral and anti-infammatrory properties.
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
HOW THIS PIGMENT ABSORB LIGHT?
PIGMENTS IN PLANTS.
PIGMENTS IN ANIMALS.
DEASESES AND CONDITION
PIGMENTS IN MARINE ANIMALS.
PIGMENTS IN BACTERIA,ALGAE,ARCHEA.
IMPORTANT ROLES OF PIGMENTS
RESEARCH
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
Similar to Histochemical studies of cochlospermum religiosum (l) alston (20)
Every Civilization having its own culture of treating diseases
260 AD around establishment of Jund-i-Shapur
Initially Prisoners from Roman Empire
After Roman Empire cracked down on Scientific Centers and Intellectuals
The AYUSH system of medicine mostly relies on
prevention of disease. The Unani System of Medicine has much more to
offer for prevention of the disease.
Six essentials of life which form the basics of the Unani
Preventive measures are:
•Air-----Quality of air
•Food and Drinks (Ma’akool wa Mashroob)---Dietary habits,
balanced diet etc
•Physical Rest and Movement (Harkat wa Sakoon Badni)….Exercise
etc
•Mental Rest and Movement (Harkat wa Sakoon Nafsani) ….
Thinking, stress etc
•Sleep and awakeness (Naum wa Yagza)----Sleep time, good sleep
•Retention and Evacuation (Ehtibas and Estefaragh)….What is to be
retained and evacuated from the body.
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Histochemical studies of cochlospermum religiosum (l) alston
1. 2321-7871
Weekly Science Research Journal
Vol-1, Issue-10, 26th September 2013
Primary Article
Histochemical Studies Of Cochlospermum
Religiosum (l) Alston
Sasikala A, Linga Rao M And Savithramma N
ABSTRACT
Traditional medicines are prepared from a single plant or combination of
plants. Histochemical studies are helpful in drug adulteration and
biosystematics arrangement. The present study deals with the location or
identification of phytochemicals like tannins, polyphenols, crystals and
starch grains in various regions of leaf, stem and stembark of
Cochlospermum religiosum by using different chemicals or reagents (FeCl3,
Iodine solution, Toluidine blue reagent and HCl). The results showed that
the bluish black, purple or blue, bluish green and dark black colour
indicates the presence of tannins, starch grains, polyphenols and crystals
in various regions like epidermis, endodermis, midrib, cortex and vascular
bundle of leaf, stem and stembark of Cochlospermum religiosum. These
observations could be of immense value in the botanical identification and
standardization of crude drug.
formulations were found to possess
KEY WORDS:
good antibacterial and antifungal
Cochlospermum Religiosum,
activity (Cecilie et al., 2005).
Stembark, Phenols, Tannins.
Sasikala and Savithramma (2012)
studied the antimicrobial activity of
INTRODUCTION
Plants are the great sources biological synthesis of silver
o f m e d i c i n e s , e s p e c i a l l y i n nanoparticles from leaves of C.
religiosum, preliminary
traditional system of medicine,
which are useful in the treatment of phytochemical screening (Sasikala
various diseases. Indian and Savithramma, 2012),
contribution to herbal market and quantification of phytochemical
emphasis on novel research is (Sasikala and Savithramma, 2013)
c o n t i n u o u s l y i n c r e a s i n g . and also studied the invitro
Cochlospermum religiosum (L) p r o p a g a t i o n ( S a s i k a l a a n d
Alston is a sparsely branched small Savithramma, 2012).
Histochemistry or
tree, belonging to the family
Cochlospermaceae. It is commonly c y t o c h e m i s t r y d e a l s w i t h
called as Yellow Silk Cotton, localization of chemical compounds
Buttercup Tree and Torchwood within the cells by means of specific
Tree because of flowers are large, colors of the compounds. Staining
bright golden yellow and seeds the cells with different stains or
covered with silky hairs.C. dyes, which render the compounds
religiosum stem bark and root visible under the microscope,
powder is traditionally used for makes the specific color reaction
fertility and ash of fruit mixed with compounds. The importance of
coconut is used for the treatment of histochemistry in solving critical
scabies (Goud et al., 2005). The biosystematic problems is as
gum of C. religiosum is also found to popular as the use of other
be an ingredient of unani medicine markers. According to botanical
Qurs-e-Sartaan Kafoori which is l i t e r a t u r e s , t h e u s e o f
used for Styptic, Antipyretic, histochemical characters in
Phthisis, Tuberculosis, Hectic fever taxonomic conclusions is now a
and Qurs-e-Suzak Cicatrizant, common practice. For example, the
D i u r e t i c , G o n o r r h e a . T h e s e presences of calcium oxalate
crystals in various plant families
Page No-1
Sasikala A, Linga Rao M And
Savithramma N
From
1,2,3
Research Scholar
Department of Botany,
Sri Venkateswara University,
Tirupati – 517 502.
Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
Te Article is published on
September 2013 issue &
available at
www.weeklyscience.org
DOI : 10.9780/ 2321-7871/1102013/29
2. 2321-7871
Vol-1, Issue-10, 26th September 2013
Histochemical Studies Of Cochlospermum Religiosum (l) Alston
have been reported by various scientists
(Mbagwu et al., 2009) reported that the
size and shape of calcium oxalate crystals
though variable in each species showed
enough interspecific differences that may
be used for taxonomic references in Vigna
species. This has been done in other
groups of plants such as Dioscoreaceae,
(Edeoga and Okoli, 1995). Icacinaceae,
(Heintzelman and Howard, 1948)
Nyctaginaceae, (Edeoga and Ikem, 2002)
and Verbenaceae (Mathew and Shah,
2006). The biosystematic importance
and implications of histochemical
features of ergastics, calcium oxalate
crystals, nature of tannins and saponins
have been investigated in various plants
families such as Dioscoreaceae (Edeoga
and Ogbegbor, 1999), Leguminosaepapilionoideae (Mbagwu and Edeoga,
2006). Identification of localization of
secondary metabolites in plant parts
which are using in the preparation of
drug is an immense importance to
prevent adulteration and also helpful in
taxonomic hierarchy.
Hence in the
present study an attempt has been made
to identification and localization of
secondary metabolites in the medicinal
plants.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Fresh and healthy leaf, stem and
sembark of Cochlospermum religiosum
were collected from Tirumal hills of
Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India
during the year May, 2012.
These
specimens were initially fixed in FAA
(1:1:18) glacial acetic: 40% formaldehyde:
70% ethanol (v/v) for 48-72 h. after 72 h
the specimens were transverse (T.S)
section were taken using a rotary
microtome (RMT-30).
Anatomical
staining was done by initially staining
with few drops of alcian blue for 5 min
and counter stained with safranin
solution for 2 min. The specimens were
treated with FeCl3, Iodine solution,
Toluidine blue reagent and HCl for
identification of polyphenols, tannins,
crystals and starch grains.
Photomicrographs of the anatomical
features were then taken from the slides
using Nikhon Labhot 2 microscopic unit
(Asokan, 2006).
Fluorescence Studies
The fluorescence studies were
carried out as per the method of
Bhattacharya and Zaman (2009).
A
small quantity of the leaf powder was
placed on a grease free clean microscopic
slide and added 1-2 drops of the freshly
prepared reagent solution, mixed by
gentle tilting the slide and waited for 1-2
min. Then the slides were placed inside
the UV-viewer chamber and viewed in day
light short (254 nm) and long (365 nm)
ultraviolet radiations.
The colours
observed by application of different
reagents in different radiations were
recorded.
Behavior of the leaf powder with
different chemical reagents was studied
to detect the presence of major
phytoconstituents with color changes
under day light by reported method of
Pratt and Chase (1949)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Histochemical Studies
Present day's adulteration of the
drugs is a common phenomenon. It is
inevitable to study the pharmacognostic
studies to avoid adulteration.Hence the
following experiments were carried out.
Histochemical color reactions
were carried out through transverse
sections of leaf, stem and bark of
Cochlospermum religiosum. The results
were showed in Table-1. Fig-1 showed
various secondary metabolites present in
leaf with treatment of different reagents.
The presence of tannins was indicated by
the development of bluish black colour,
when treated with ferric chloride (FeCl3).
The tannins were found mainly in the
parenchyma tissue of the midrib region,
whereas the starch grains were indicated
by the development of blue color or
purple, when treated with iodine
solution. The starch grains were located
in the mesophyll and parenchymatous
region of midrib. The presence of
polyphenols was indicated by the
development of bluish green color, when
treated with toluidine blue reagent. The
polyphenols were found surrounding the
vascular bundle sheath. The presences of
crystals were indicated by the
development of dark black color, when
treated with HCl, the crystals were
present in the midrib region and vascular
bundles.
Fig-2 showed the histochemical
studies of stem, the presence of tannins
were indicated by the development of
bluish black color, when treated with
ferric chloride (FeCl3). The tannins were
present in endodermis and cortex region.
The starch grains were indicated by the
development of blue color or purple, when
treated with iodine solution found in
epidermis, cortex and vascular bundles.
Page No-2
3. 2321-7871
Vol-1, Issue-10, 26th September 2013
Histochemical Studies Of Cochlospermum Religiosum (l) Alston
The polyphenols were found mainly in the
endodermis and cortex region, which
were indicated by the development of
bluish green colour, when treated with
toluidine blue reagent. The presences of
crystals were indicated by the
development of dark black color, when
treated with HCl the crystals were present
mainly in the cortex.
The histochemical analysis of
bark showed in Fig-3 the presence of
tannins were indicated by the
development of bluish black color, when
treated with ferric chloride (FeCl3) and
these were found in cortex and vascular
bundle region. The polyphenols were
found mainly in the cortex region which
was indicated by the development of
bluish green color, when treated with
toluidine blue reagent. The presence of
crystal indicated by the development of
dark black color, when treated with HCl
the crystals were present mainly in the
cortex. The starch grains were indicated
by the development of blue or purple
colour, when treated with iodine solution
the starch grains were present mainly in
the cortex and vascular bundle region.
Toluidine blue is a cationic dye
that binds to negatively charged groups.
An aqueous solution of this dye is blue,
but different colors are generated when
the dye binds with different anionic
groups in the cell for example, a pinkish
purple colour will appear when the dye
reacts with carboxylated polysaccharides
such as pectic acid; green, greenish blue
or bright blue with polyphenolic
substances such as ligning and tannins;
and purplish or greenish blue with
nucleic acids (Baker, 1966). Plants store
glucose as the polysaccharide starch, it
can be separated into two fractionsamylose and amylopectin. Amylose forms
a colloidal dispersion in hot water,
whereas amylopectin is completely
insoluble. The structure of amylose
consists of long polymer chains of glucose
units connected by an alpha acetyl
linkage. Amylose in starch is responsible
for the formation of a deep blue colour in
the presence of iodine.
The iodine
molecule slips inside of the amylose coil.
When added the Iodine-KI reagent to a
solution or other materials blue colour is
present. If starch amylose is not present,
then the colour will stay orange or yellow.
Leaf Powder Behavior
Behavior of the leaf powder with
different chemical reagents was studied
Page No-3
to detect the presence of major
phytoconstituents with color changes
under day light by reported method (Pratt
and Chase, 1949). And the results were
showed in Table-2.
Fluorescence Analysis
The fluorescence characteristics
of leaf powder with different chemical
reagents were summarized in Table-3.
Although a change in color was observed
by the addition of various reagents under
day light, none of the reagents induced
any fluorescence to the leaf powder under
both short and long UV radiations.
Under UV light dark brown and black
colors were prominent. Fluorescence is
the phenomenon exhibited by various
chemical constituents present in the
plant material. Some constituents
showed fluorescence in the visible range
in the day light. The natural products
(Alkaloids) produce fluorescence in UV
light but do not produce fluorescence in
visible day light.
If the substances
themselves are not fluorescent, they often
be converted fluorescent derivatives or
decomposition products by applying
different reagents (Mukherjee, 2002).
The pharmacognostical studies
and histochemical studies and behavior
analysis of fluorescence studies of
Cochlospermum religiosum are useful to
supplement the information with regard
to its botanical identification and drug
standardization. Moreover, it also helps
in distinction from other allied species
and adulteration.
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Page No-4
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Vol-1, Issue-10, 26th September 2013
Histochemical Studies Of Cochlospermum Religiosum (l) Alston
Fig-1: Histochemical studies of leaf of Cochlospermum religiosum
(a) Tannins, (b) Starch, (c) Poly phenols and (d) Crystals
Fig-2: Histochemical studies of stem of Cochlospermum religiosum
(a) Polyphenols, (b) Crystals, (c), (d) Starch and (e) (f) Tannins
Page No-5
6. 2321-7871
Vol-1, Issue-10, 26th September 2013
Histochemical Studies Of Cochlospermum Religiosum (l) Alston
Fig-3: Histochemical studies of stembark of Cochlospermum religiosum
(a) Tannins, (b) Crystals, (c) Poly phenols and (d) Starch
Table-1: Histochemical analysis of leaf, stem and bark of Cochlospermum religiosum
Page No-6
7. 2321-7871
Vol-1, Issue-10, 26th September 2013
Histochemical Studies Of Cochlospermum Religiosum (l) Alston
Table-2: Leaf powder behavior of the Cochlospermum religiosum with
different chemical reagents
Table-3: Fluorescence analysis of leaf powder of Cochlospermum religiosum
Page No-7