is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Electrochemical, in-vitro in-vivo study of Co (II)-ofloxacin complexIOSR Journals
Ofloxacin complex has been synthesized and screened for its physicochemical, microbial as well as pharmacological activity have been done in solid and aqueous phase. On the basis of elemental analysis, polarographic studies, amperometric titration and IR spectral studies the probable formula for the complex has been determined at 30±1OC and ionic strength of μ= 1.0[KCl]. Raper’s paper disc method was used for microbial study against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi.Invivo syudy of Swiss mice [25-30gm] were used for antibacterial activity against ofloxacin and its complex on xyline-Alcoholic activity test Kidney, liver and serum of these rats were also studied. On the basis of observed result it could be concluded that Co(II)-Ofloxacin complex were found to be non-toxic and more potent than pure Ofloxacin.(1)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Electrochemical, in-vitro in-vivo study of Co (II)-ofloxacin complexIOSR Journals
Ofloxacin complex has been synthesized and screened for its physicochemical, microbial as well as pharmacological activity have been done in solid and aqueous phase. On the basis of elemental analysis, polarographic studies, amperometric titration and IR spectral studies the probable formula for the complex has been determined at 30±1OC and ionic strength of μ= 1.0[KCl]. Raper’s paper disc method was used for microbial study against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi.Invivo syudy of Swiss mice [25-30gm] were used for antibacterial activity against ofloxacin and its complex on xyline-Alcoholic activity test Kidney, liver and serum of these rats were also studied. On the basis of observed result it could be concluded that Co(II)-Ofloxacin complex were found to be non-toxic and more potent than pure Ofloxacin.(1)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Effects of Fungicides for Non Target Fungi Alternaria cassiaeIJEAB
The fungicides are used to control of pathogenic fungi in several tilth but they can affect negatively the microorganisms diversity of soil. The aim of this research was to evaluate the toxicity and environmental risk of tebuconazoles: captan, tebuconazole and the mixture chlorothalonil + propamocarb hidrochloride for fungi Alternaria cassiae. Each fungicide were performed three experiments in completely randomized design with three repetitions and the growth was evaluated daily. Inhibition concentration (IC50;7d) of tebuconazole was 3.49 mg L-1, the captan was 47.36 mg L-1 and of mixture chlorothalonil + propamocarb hidrochloride, 64.04 mg L-1. Tebuconazole is classified as moderately toxic and sensitivity, captan, low toxicity and sensitivity and the mixture, non toxic and insensitive but only captan showed possibility of adverse effect for A. cassiae.`
Synthesis, spectroscopic, magnetic properties and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ...IOSR Journals
Three new ternary copper(II) complexes formulated as [Cu(HIda)(bipy)] 1; [Cu(HIda)(phen)] 2; [Cu(HIda)(dmp)] 3; where HIda =N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2- iminodiacetic acid ; bipy = 2, 2’- bipyridine; phen = 1,10- phenanthroline; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl 1,10-phenanthroline, have been synthesized and characterized by partial elemental analysis, FAB-mass (m/z), EPR, UV-visible and CV measurements. The magnetic and spectroscopic data of all these complexes 1-3 indicate distorted octahedral geometry. The EPR spectra of these complexes in frozen DMSO solutions showed a single at g ca. 2. The trend in g-value (g||>g>2.0023) suggests that the unpaired electron on copper (II) has dx2–y2 character. The SOD activities of the complexes have been investigated. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of these complexes were also measured and discussed.
Determination of 8-Hydroxy-2 Deoxyguanosine in Pseudomonas Fluorescens Freeze...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Oxidative DNA damage is involved in the f cell death induced by freeze-dried powder during storage. Cell 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is widely accepted as a biomarker of the “freeze-dried bacteria” oxidative DNA damage. The aim of this study was to introduce a method for determination 8-oxodG in cell freeze-dried samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In the tested range of 0.5 µmol L-1 to 1.0 nmol L-1, the calibration curve was linear (r2=0.9995) and the limit of detection was 0.05 µmol L-1. The used method did not allow highlighting the presence in the samples of the 8OH within the limits of detection. A more successful method (more sensitive) would be needed to detect possibly the 8OH.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTIANDROGENIC E...Dr. Pradeep mitharwal
The present paper deals with synthesis and characterization
of some new chromium (III) Schiff base complexes using microwave irradiation
technique as well as conventional heating. The S∩N donor benzothiazolines, 1-
(2-furanyl) ethanone benzothiazoline (Bzt1N
∩
SH), 1-(2-thienyl) ethanone
benzothiazoline (Bzt2N
∩
SH) and 1-(2-pyridyl) ethanone benzothiazoline
(Bzt3N
∩
SH) were prepared by the condensation of ortho-aminothiophenol with
respective ketones in ethanol.
Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments. Bioremediation is used to clean up oil spills or contaminated groundwate
The effect of rhizosphere growth promoter bacteria on enzymes activities of H...Innspub Net
Soils and accumulated materials are resources of heavy metals, which are available for absorbance by plants. One
of the potential methods for eliminating heavy metals from polluted places includes usage of resistance creature
to metals which are able to accumulate and absorb high amount of material. Present study was carried out in a
greenhouse format in completely accidental plots with 4 times repetition and 2 plants of Hordeum vulgare and Brassica napus. This experiment was done in 2011 in Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch. Variance analysis results showed significant effect of pb levels, growth promoters bacteria and interaction effects of them on capabilities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes (P<0.01). Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-4-number-10-may-2014/
Antifungal Activities of Some Divalent and Trivalent Metal Chelates with 2-am...Taghreed Al-Noor
Five metal chelates of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cr(III) ions with mixed
ligands of a Schiff base: Namely, (E)-2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)phenol derived from
4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and 2-aminophenol as main ligand (HL1) and 2-aminobenzoic acid as co-ligand
(HL2) have been synthesized and characterized by using several physiochemical tools. An octahedral structure was
suggested for all the chelates. The antifungal activity the ligands and their mixed ligand chelates against some pathogenic
fungi was studied by using agar well diffusion method. The obtained data showed that some of the chelates
have most active against A. niger, A. flavus, Alternaria alternata, Rhizopus stolonifer.
Abstract
Objective(s):
The development of reliable and ecofriendly process for the synthesis of nano-metals is an important aspect in the field of nanotechnology. Nano-metals are a special group of materials with broad area of applications.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) performed by use of the gram positive soil Streptomycetes. Streptomycetes isolated from rice fields of Guilan Province, Iran (5 isolates). Initial characterization of SNPs was performed by visual change color. To determine the bacterium taxonomical identity, its colonies characterized morphologically by use of scanning electron microscope. The PCR molecular analysis of active isolate represented its identity partially. In this regard, 16S rDNA of isolate G was amplified using universal bacterial primers FD1 and RP2. The PCR products were purified and sequenced. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA was then conducted using NCBI GenBank database using BLAST. Also SNPs were characterized by, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD).
Results:
From all 5 collected Streptomyces somaliensis isolates, isolate G showed highest extracellular synthesis of SNPs via in vitro. SNPs were formed immediately by the addition of (AgNO3) solution (1 mM). UV-visible spectrophotometry for measuring surface plasmon resonance showed a single absorption peak at 450 nm, which confirmed the presence of SNPs. TEM revealed the extracellular formation of spherical silver nanoparticles in the size range of 5-35 nm.
Conclusions:
The biological approach for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles offers an environmentally benign alternative to the traditional chemical and physical synthesis methods. So, a simple, environmentally friendly and cost-effective method has been developed to synthesize AgNPs using Streptomycetes.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Effects of Fungicides for Non Target Fungi Alternaria cassiaeIJEAB
The fungicides are used to control of pathogenic fungi in several tilth but they can affect negatively the microorganisms diversity of soil. The aim of this research was to evaluate the toxicity and environmental risk of tebuconazoles: captan, tebuconazole and the mixture chlorothalonil + propamocarb hidrochloride for fungi Alternaria cassiae. Each fungicide were performed three experiments in completely randomized design with three repetitions and the growth was evaluated daily. Inhibition concentration (IC50;7d) of tebuconazole was 3.49 mg L-1, the captan was 47.36 mg L-1 and of mixture chlorothalonil + propamocarb hidrochloride, 64.04 mg L-1. Tebuconazole is classified as moderately toxic and sensitivity, captan, low toxicity and sensitivity and the mixture, non toxic and insensitive but only captan showed possibility of adverse effect for A. cassiae.`
Synthesis, spectroscopic, magnetic properties and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ...IOSR Journals
Three new ternary copper(II) complexes formulated as [Cu(HIda)(bipy)] 1; [Cu(HIda)(phen)] 2; [Cu(HIda)(dmp)] 3; where HIda =N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2- iminodiacetic acid ; bipy = 2, 2’- bipyridine; phen = 1,10- phenanthroline; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl 1,10-phenanthroline, have been synthesized and characterized by partial elemental analysis, FAB-mass (m/z), EPR, UV-visible and CV measurements. The magnetic and spectroscopic data of all these complexes 1-3 indicate distorted octahedral geometry. The EPR spectra of these complexes in frozen DMSO solutions showed a single at g ca. 2. The trend in g-value (g||>g>2.0023) suggests that the unpaired electron on copper (II) has dx2–y2 character. The SOD activities of the complexes have been investigated. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of these complexes were also measured and discussed.
Determination of 8-Hydroxy-2 Deoxyguanosine in Pseudomonas Fluorescens Freeze...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Oxidative DNA damage is involved in the f cell death induced by freeze-dried powder during storage. Cell 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is widely accepted as a biomarker of the “freeze-dried bacteria” oxidative DNA damage. The aim of this study was to introduce a method for determination 8-oxodG in cell freeze-dried samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In the tested range of 0.5 µmol L-1 to 1.0 nmol L-1, the calibration curve was linear (r2=0.9995) and the limit of detection was 0.05 µmol L-1. The used method did not allow highlighting the presence in the samples of the 8OH within the limits of detection. A more successful method (more sensitive) would be needed to detect possibly the 8OH.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTIANDROGENIC E...Dr. Pradeep mitharwal
The present paper deals with synthesis and characterization
of some new chromium (III) Schiff base complexes using microwave irradiation
technique as well as conventional heating. The S∩N donor benzothiazolines, 1-
(2-furanyl) ethanone benzothiazoline (Bzt1N
∩
SH), 1-(2-thienyl) ethanone
benzothiazoline (Bzt2N
∩
SH) and 1-(2-pyridyl) ethanone benzothiazoline
(Bzt3N
∩
SH) were prepared by the condensation of ortho-aminothiophenol with
respective ketones in ethanol.
Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments. Bioremediation is used to clean up oil spills or contaminated groundwate
The effect of rhizosphere growth promoter bacteria on enzymes activities of H...Innspub Net
Soils and accumulated materials are resources of heavy metals, which are available for absorbance by plants. One
of the potential methods for eliminating heavy metals from polluted places includes usage of resistance creature
to metals which are able to accumulate and absorb high amount of material. Present study was carried out in a
greenhouse format in completely accidental plots with 4 times repetition and 2 plants of Hordeum vulgare and Brassica napus. This experiment was done in 2011 in Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch. Variance analysis results showed significant effect of pb levels, growth promoters bacteria and interaction effects of them on capabilities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes (P<0.01). Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-4-number-10-may-2014/
Antifungal Activities of Some Divalent and Trivalent Metal Chelates with 2-am...Taghreed Al-Noor
Five metal chelates of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cr(III) ions with mixed
ligands of a Schiff base: Namely, (E)-2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)phenol derived from
4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and 2-aminophenol as main ligand (HL1) and 2-aminobenzoic acid as co-ligand
(HL2) have been synthesized and characterized by using several physiochemical tools. An octahedral structure was
suggested for all the chelates. The antifungal activity the ligands and their mixed ligand chelates against some pathogenic
fungi was studied by using agar well diffusion method. The obtained data showed that some of the chelates
have most active against A. niger, A. flavus, Alternaria alternata, Rhizopus stolonifer.
Abstract
Objective(s):
The development of reliable and ecofriendly process for the synthesis of nano-metals is an important aspect in the field of nanotechnology. Nano-metals are a special group of materials with broad area of applications.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) performed by use of the gram positive soil Streptomycetes. Streptomycetes isolated from rice fields of Guilan Province, Iran (5 isolates). Initial characterization of SNPs was performed by visual change color. To determine the bacterium taxonomical identity, its colonies characterized morphologically by use of scanning electron microscope. The PCR molecular analysis of active isolate represented its identity partially. In this regard, 16S rDNA of isolate G was amplified using universal bacterial primers FD1 and RP2. The PCR products were purified and sequenced. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA was then conducted using NCBI GenBank database using BLAST. Also SNPs were characterized by, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD).
Results:
From all 5 collected Streptomyces somaliensis isolates, isolate G showed highest extracellular synthesis of SNPs via in vitro. SNPs were formed immediately by the addition of (AgNO3) solution (1 mM). UV-visible spectrophotometry for measuring surface plasmon resonance showed a single absorption peak at 450 nm, which confirmed the presence of SNPs. TEM revealed the extracellular formation of spherical silver nanoparticles in the size range of 5-35 nm.
Conclusions:
The biological approach for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles offers an environmentally benign alternative to the traditional chemical and physical synthesis methods. So, a simple, environmentally friendly and cost-effective method has been developed to synthesize AgNPs using Streptomycetes.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Photodegradation of Hexythiaz ox in Different Solvent Systems under the Influ...Dr. Sudeb Mandal
The photodegradation of the carboxamide acaricide hexythiazox in three different solvent systems (aqueous
methanolic, aqueous isopropanolic, and aqueous acetonitrilic solutions) in the presence of H2O2, KNO3, and TiO2 under ultraviolet
(UV) light (λmax g 250 nm) and sunlight (λmax g 290 nm) has been assessed in this work. The kinetics of photodecomposition of
hexythiazox and the identification of photoproducts were carried out using liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. The rate of
photodecomposition of hexythiazox in different solvents followed first-order kinetics in both UV radiation and natural sunlight, and
the degradation rates were faster under UV light than under sunlight. Hexythiazox was found to be more efficiently photodegraded
in the presence of TiO2 than in the presence of H2O2 and KNO3. Two major photoproducts were separated in pure form using
column chromatography and identified according to IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectral information as cyclohexylamine and 5-(4-
chlorophenyl)-4-methylthiazolidin-2-one. Another nine photoproducts were identified according to LC-MS/MS spectral information. The plausible photodegradation pathways of hexythiazox were proposed according to the structures of the photoproducts
Agricultural and food chemistry sudeb mandal acsDr Sudeb Mandal
Photo-degradation of Hexythiazox in Different Solvent Systems under the Influence of Ultraviolet Light and Sunlight in the Presence of TiO2, H2O2, and KNO3 and Identification of the photo-metabolites
Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory activity of Sulpha/substituted 1,2-Diazolesinventionjournals
A Novel compound namely N1 (3 Nicotinoyl) 3,5 dimethyl-4-(N-4-sulfamoyl-azo)-1,2-diazoles has been synthesized by two step processes. Synthesis of N1 -4-sulfamoylphenylhydrazono-3,5-dimethyl propane-1,3-dione and sulfonamide, which interacting with 3-Nicotinoyl hydrazine to form final compound. The newly synthesized compound N1 -(3-Nicotinoyl)-3,5-dimethyl 4-(N1 -4-sulfamoyl phenyl azo) 1,2-diazoles was screened for antiinflammatory activity
Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory activity of Sulpha/substituted 1,2-Diazolesinventionjournals
A Novel compound namely N1 (3 Nicotinoyl) 3,5 dimethyl-4-(N-4-sulfamoyl-azo)-1,2-diazoles has been synthesized by two step processes. Synthesis of N1 -4-sulfamoylphenylhydrazono-3,5-dimethyl propane-1,3-dione and sulfonamide, which interacting with 3-Nicotinoyl hydrazine to form final compound. The newly synthesized compound N1 -(3-Nicotinoyl)-3,5-dimethyl 4-(N1 -4-sulfamoyl phenyl azo) 1,2-diazoles was screened for antiinflammatory activity
Neuro-genotoxicity assessment of sublethal exposure of carbosulfan to freshwa...Open Access Research Paper
Carbosulfan, a carbamate pesticide extensively employed in rural communities, enters the aquatic environment by the proximity of agricultural lands to water bodies or through direct application in such environments. The study’s goal was to investigate the neurotoxic effects of carbosulfan using ACh and AChE levels in brain tissue, and genotoxic effects using Micronucleus (MN) assay in blood cells and Comet assay in gill cells of Cyprinus carpio. The fish was exposed to 1/5th & 1/10th sublethal concentrations of 96 h LC50 for 7, 14, and 21 days. There were significant (P<0.05) alterations in ACh and AChE content and carbosulfan was induced to show MN formation and DNA damage in concentration and time-dependent manner. The reduced ionic composition in C.carpio brain tissue may explain the inhibition of AChE and the rise of ACh concentration. The significant increase in MN and DNA damage observed in carbosulfan-exposed fishes in the current study indicates the mutagenic/genotoxic potential of carbosulfan in the freshwater fish C.carpio, as well as the potential value of the Common carp for assessing pesticide pollution of freshwater bodies. Changes in these characteristics may provide an early warning signal for determining pesticide toxicity and its impact on aquatic species. As a result, it is necessary to monitor the aquatic system and forecast the hazardous effect of carbosulfan on fish; precautions should be taken while using even low concentrations of carbosulfan, and prohibiting or restricting carbosulfan usage is preferable.
7 synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of schiff base of 7 ...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: Compounds having 2-quinolone moiety are associated with interesting biological activities. In the present study, we synthesized Schiff bases of 7-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-quinolone and their antibacterial activity was evaluated by wells diffusion method. Schiff bases of 7-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-quinolone (1 to 5 named as Q2aa-Q2ae) were prepared by refluxing 7-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-quinolone with substituted aromatic aldehydes. The final test compounds were purified and characterized by IR, 1HNMR and Mass Spectral studies. M.P. of these compounds was confirmed by open capillary method instrument chemline cl 725. They were evaluated for antibacterial activity. Compounds were active against Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus faecalis. While ciprofloxacin was used as standards.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Oxazolone Derivativesijceronline
A series of six 4-aryl Benzelidene-2-phenyl-5- oxazolone derivatives were synthesized by condensation of aromatic aldehydes with N-benzoyl glycine (Hippuric acid) in the presence of sodium acetate and acetic anhydride at room temperature in ethanol. Six of the compounds are new derivatives. The structures of the compounds were evaluated based on 1H-NMR , IR and FTIR methods and by elemental analysis. .All the derivative compounds prepared were tested for their antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion technique. Test organisms: Bacteria like Staphylococcus aureusMTCC 7443 and Salmonella typhimuriumMTCC 733 Fungi like C.albicans and A.flavus The results were compared with those of the standard 0.5% Ciprofloxacin. The derivatives with Salicylaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde were showed excellent activities against E. coli. and Staphylococcus aureusMTCC 7443 : than Salmonella typhimuriumMTCC 733 bacteria. It also showed reasonable activity withFungi like C.albicans than A.flavus
Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation of Some Heterocyclic Oxaze...JohnJulie1
The new serious of pentyloxy and aryloxy benzaldehyde (3ae) were synthesized from the substitution reaction of 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde with different aryl bromide and alkyl bromide, on the basis of Williamson ether synthesis in the presence of Potassium carbonate using absolute ethanol as a solvent. The second step was the synthesis of 2-amino-5-(p-tolyl)1,3,4-thiadiazole.
Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation of Some Heterocyclic Oxaze...JapaneseJournalofGas
The new serious of pentyloxy and aryloxy benzaldehyde (3ae) were synthesized from the substitution reaction of 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde with different aryl bromide and alkyl bromide, on the basis of Williamson ether synthesis in the presence of Potassium carbonate using absolute ethanol as a solvent. The second step was the synthesis of 2-amino-5-(p-tolyl)1,3,4-thiadiazole.
Ceftriaxone is one of the third generations of cephalosporin antibiotics and commercially found as a sodium salt. The market demand for it is still high in recent years, including in Indonesia. However, there is no local production manufacture yet. A high yield of ceftriaxone sodium would be an advantage in industrial scale. Ceftriaxone was synthesized by reacting 7–amino–3–[(2,5–dihydro–6–hydroxy–2–methyl–5–oxo–1,2,4–triazin–3–yl) thiomethyl] cephalosporanic acid (7-ACT) with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazolyl (Z)-2-(2-Aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-Methoxyimino Acetate (MAEM) then with sodium salt in basic condition. The product was generated by solventing-out using acetone. The products were analyzed by HPLC quantitatively and the structure was confirmed using FTIR, MS and NMR. In this research, the variation in the mole ratio of reactants against the yield of product was evaluated. The result showed that the variations in mole ratio reactants affect the yield production. The higher ratio of MAEM would be the higher yield is obtained. The results show that the yield was 72,17% at mole ratio 1:2 which has 99,32% purity. This result could be a consideration in industrial production scale in ceftriaxone sodium preparation.
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International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)
1. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6718, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 670X
www.ijpsi.org Volume 2 Issue 8‖ August 2013 ‖ PP.01-05
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Synthesis, In Vitro Plant Nematicidal and Molluscicidal Studies of
Thiazole Schiff Bases Derived From 4-(2’-Chlorophenyl)-2-
aminothiazole
S. V. Rajmane and V. P Ubale
D. B. F. Dayanand College of Arts and Science, Solapur-413002, Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT: A series of thiazole Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-3) have been synthesized by reacting 4-(2’-
chlorophenyl)-2-aminothiazole and R-substituted salicylaldehyde (R=H, 3-CH3, 3-Cl). The ligands (SB-1 to SB-
3) were characterized by elemental, spectral and XRD analysis. All the ligands (SB-1 to SB-3) evaluated for
their in vitro nematicidal and molluscicidal activities. They are active in very low concentration on plant
parasitic nematode Meloidogyne javanica and freshwater helminthiasis vector snail Lymnea auricularia. X-ray
diffraction studies suggested a triclinic crystal system for all Schiff bases.
KEY WORDS: Thiazole Schiff bases, Nematicidal and Molluscicidal activities
I. INTRODUCTION
Schiff‟s bases shows greater flexibility and diverse structural aspects, a wide range of these compounds
have been synthesized and their complexion studied [1]. Thiazoles are well known as biologically active
substances and they exhibits a wide spectrum of antitubercular, antibacterial, antifungal, hypotensic and
hypodermic, anticancer and quorum sensing activity. Hence the Schiff bases derived from thiazoles are expected
to be biologically active compounds. Microwave assisted synthesis of chemical compounds is an efficient and
eco-friendly synthetic strategy and has now become a powerful tool for green chemistry. Microwave-assisted
organic reaction is a well-established technique for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds [2,3]. So,
in view of these facts, and as part of our ongoing studies in developing new anti microbial agents, it was
envisaged to synthesize microwave-assisted synthesis of Schiff‟s base of 2-aminothiazole and explore its novel
functionality as nematicidal and Molluscicidal active molecules as well, which is hitherto un-attempted.
Most vegetable crops are attacked by one or more species of nematodes. The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne
javanica)(fig. 1) is the most important species associated with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)[4]. This
phytonematode species causes chlorosis, premature leaf drop and stunting. The disease is becoming one of the
most serious calamities for the successful cultivation of tomato crop. These nematodes cause up to 70- 90%
yield losses in tomatoes and brinjal. In India, yield loss of tomato due to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne
spp.) ranges from 39.7% to 46.0%. The present investigation was made to study the nematicidal activity of
newly synthesized thiazole Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-3) on M. javanica.
Fig. 1: Root knot nematodes
The fresh water snails Lymnea auricularia family Lymnaeidae are familiar members of the fauna of
ponds, lakes, ditches and other kind of standing waters throughout the World. It is an intermediate host of liver
fluke. The Fasciola spp. causes great damage to live stock throughout the world. It is responsible not only for
liver rot, the uncomplicated Fascioliasis, but also the notorious „black disease‟. The considerations of the family
Lymnaeidae and of species of snails which act as intermediate host [5] for F. hepatica and F. Gigantia. The
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present investigation was made to study the Molluscicidal activity of newly synthesized Thiazole Schiff bases
(SB-1 to SB-3) on Lymnea auricularia.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1.Microwave assisted synthesis of Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-3)
4-(2‟-Chlorophenyl)-2-aminothiazole (1mmole) and o- hydroxyaldehyde (1mmole) were mixed with
each other in mortar-pestle and the reaction mixture was placed in small conical flask at room temperature, then
1 ml alcohol was added. The mixture was then exposed to microwave irradiation at 120W power for 10-20 sec.
(Reaction 1). Completion of the reaction was tested by TLC. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room
temperature. The yellow coloured Schiff base was obtained, which was recrystallized from ethanol and dried
under reduced pressure.
20Sec.
MW
H2N
S
N
Cl
O
HO
+
R
N
S
N
Cl
OH
R
SB-1: (R= H), SB-2: (R= 3-CH3), and SB-3: (R=3-Cl)
Reaction 1: Synthesis of Schiff Base
2.2.Nematicidal activity
For the toxicity and efficacy ratio of thiazole Schiff base (SB-1 to SB-3) on root-knot nematode M.
javanica, they were isolated from roots of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) for in vitro study by using
sieve plate method [6]. More eggs were recovered by repeated sieving and rinsing. The number of nematodes in
an aqueous suspension was determined by using a counting dish.The newly synthesized thiazole Schiff bases
(SB-1 to SB-3) were tested in vitro nematicidal activity against root-knot nematodes M. javanica isolated from
roots of tomato plants. The infected roots were macerated in 2% sodium hypochloride solution for 5 min. to
extract eggs and centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 4 min. The eggs were laid on wet filter paper over water in pans for
3-4 days to hatch second stage and third stages of juveniles (J2, J3). For in vitro nematicidal activity, the method
described by Dama [7] is used for present study. The test animals are divided in to 9 groups, each group
contains 10 phytonemates, with test compound concentration of 2µl to 10µl. The flask that contained distilled
water and DMSO serves as control for first group. Each treatment was replicated for three times. Data on
Juvenile mortality was recorded after 6h, 12h and 24h exposure of test compounds under compound and
stereomicroscope and then determined the percentage of efficacy.
2.3.Molluscicidal activity
Snails were collected from natural habitats and reared in the laboratory in glass aquaria and/or plastic
containers by following appropriate technique[8] .The fresh water snails Lymnea auricularia were taken from
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laboratory culture maintained in enamel bowls filled with dechlorinated water at room temperature 28 ± 2 o
C
and relative humidity more than 70%. Adults (more than 12-mm) were used for the toxicity studies. Snails of
particular species were taken in large petridishes. Snails were submerged in distilled water.
The test animals are divided in to 9 groups, each group contains 10 snails (Lymnea auricularia), with test
compound concentration of 2µl to 10µl. The flask that contained distilled water and DMSO serves as control for
first group. Each treatment was replicated for three times. Data on Juvenile mortality was recorded after 6h, 12h
and 24h exposure of test compounds under compound and stereomicroscope and then determined the percentage
of efficacy.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1.Chemistry
The Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-3) are yellow crystalline solids having sharp melting points. They are
soluble in common organic solvents and gives satisfactory elemental (C, H, N and S) analyses.
3.2.Spectral analysis
UV-visible spectra of the Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-3) in chloroform exhibit an intense band at
~410nm. Infrared spectra of the Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-3) in KBr pellets exhibit ν(O-H), ν(C=N), ν(C-O) and
ν(C-S-C) modes at ~ 3410, ~1635, ~ 1287 and ~668 cm-1
respectively. These values are in accordance with the
earlier reported values. 1
H NMR data of the Schiff bases is represented below. The assignments of NMR signals
show close resemblance with the earlier results [9].
1
H NMR signals (δppm): SB-1: 12.28 (1H, s, Ar-OH), 9.30(1H, s, benzylidenimin), 7.1-8.2 (9H, m, thiazole and
Ar-H); SB-2: 2.31 (3H, s, Ar-CH3), 12.51 (1H, s, Ar-OH), 9.3 (1H, s, benzylidenimin), 6.9-8.2 (8H, m, thiazole
and Ar-H); SB-3: 12.91(1H, s, Ar-OH), 9.32 (1H, s, benzylidenimin), 6.9-8.27 (8H, m, thiazole and Ar-H);
3.3.XRD- analysis
A representative ligand SB-2 is chosen for XRD studies. The powder x-ray diffractogram of ligand is
depicted 25 reflection (2θ) between 20.820
to 50.960
with maximum at 2θ = 21.460
and d = 4.13Ao
. The cell
parameter calculated are mentioned in parenthesis (a=13.84A0
, b= 4.78A0
, c= 4.59 A0
, α =1170
, β = 940
, γ = 910
)
and these values are found to be in agreement with those required for a triclinic crystal system where a ≠ b ≠ c
and α ≠ β ≠ γ. Therefore it may be concluded that the crystal system of the ligand SB-2 is triclinic [10]. The
volume of unit cell is 270.34Ao 3
.
3.4. Biological Activity
Nematicidal Activity
Direct contact toxicity of newly synthesized thiazole Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-3) at different dose were
analyzed by exposing 100 freshly hatched J2 and J3 of M. javanica for 24 h. The result indicates that, thiazole
Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-3) are very effective to controlling M. javanica. They show highest percentage
efficiency in the range of 8 µl to 10 µl. representatively the percentage efficiency of SB-2 is shown in Table 1
and Fig. 2.
3.5.Molluscicidal Activity
Thiazole Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-3) at different dose were analyzed by exposing 100 fresh water
snails Lymnea auricularia. The result indicates that, thiazole Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-3) are very effective to
controlling Lymnea auricularia. They show highest percentage efficiency in the range of 8 µl to 10 µl.
representatively the percentage efficiency of SB-2 is shown in Table 2 and Fig.3.
IV. CONCLUSION
All the Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-3) are yellow crystalline solids having sharp melting points. The
spectral analyses (Uv-Visible, IR and 1
H NMR) data confirms the structure proposed for the Schiff bases. X-ray
diffraction studies suggested a triclinic crystal system for all Schiff bases.
Although observations suggested that the newly synthesized thiazole Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-3) exerts their
biological effects by common mode of action, these ligands are active compounds for nematicidal and
molluscicidal activity with low concentration. Schiff bases compounds are promising alternative compounds to
the hazardous pesticides now used in agriculture for the controlling nematodes.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors are thankful to the authorities of D.B.F. Dayanand College of Arts and Science, Solapur
(Maharashtra –India) for providing facilities.
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REFERENCES
[1] Syamal A. and Maurya M. R. (1989). Coordination chemistry of Schiff base complexes of
Molybdenum. Coord. Chem. Rev. 95: 183.
[2] Kabalka G. W. And Mereddy A. R. (2006). Microwave promoted synthesis of functionalized 2-
aminothiazoles. Tetrahedron Lett. 47:5171-5172.
[3] Khrustalev D. P., Suleimenova, A. A. and Fazylov S. D. (2008). Synthesis of 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole
under conditions of microwave irradiation. Russian J. Appl. Chem. 81(5): 900.
[4] Christie, J. R. (1936), The development of root-knot nematode galls, Phytopathology, 26:1-22.
[5] Imani-Baran A.; Yakhchali M.; Viayeh R. M. and Farhangpajuh F., (2011), Prevalence of Cercariae
Infection in Lymnaea auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758) in NorthWest of Iran. VRF.; 2(2): 121-127.
[6] McSorley, R., and Parrado J. L., (1982), Effect of sieve size on nematode extraction efficiency.
Nematropica 11: 165-174.
[7] Dama L.B., Poul B.N., Jadhav B.V and Hafeez M. D., (1999), Effect of Herbal "Juglone" on
Development of the plant parasitic nematode (Meloidogyne Spp.) on Arachis hypogaea L. Journal of
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring, 9: 73-75.
[8] Fetterer R.H., Urban J.F. and Miller R.W., (1989), Effect of chitin synthesis inhibitor diflubenzuron on
development of Ascaris suum and Heamonchus contortus. Vet.Parasit., 32: 181-189.
[9] Silverstein R. M.; Bassler G. C. and Morill T. C., (1991) “Spectroscopic Identification of Organic
compounds”, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
[10] Woolfson M. M., (1980), “An Introduction to X-ray Crystallography”, Cambridge University press,
Cambridge, P-125.
Tables and Figures:
Table 1.: Nematicidal activity of SB-2 on root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp.
Concentrations of SB-2 2 µl 4 µl 6 µl 8 µl 10 µl
No. of nematodes 10 10 10 10 10
No. of nematodes immotile 7 7 8 9 10
Immobilization Time (Sec.) 60 60 60 60 60
Fig. 2.: Nematicidal activity of SB-2 on root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp.
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Table 2.: Molluscicidal activity of SB-2 on helminthiasis vector snail, Lymnea auricularia
Concentrations of SB-2 2 µl 4 µl 6 µl 8 µl 10 µl
No. of Lymnea 10 10 10 10 10
No. of Lymnea immotile 7 7 7 10 10
ImmobilizationTime (min.) 14 14 14 13 12
Fig. 3.: Molluscicidal activity of SB-2 on helminthiasis vector snail, Lymnea auriculari