1) The study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of crude culture filtrate and methanol extract of the mushroom Stereum ostrea against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
2) Crude culture filtrate showed higher inhibitory activity compared to methanol extract, as evidenced by larger inhibition zones. The crude filtrate was most effective against Bacillus subtilis and least effective against Klebsiella pneumoniae.
3) The minimal inhibitory concentration of both crude and methanol extracts was 20 μl for Bacillus subtilis and 30 μl for the other bacteria tested, indicating Stereum ostrea was most potent against Bacillus subtilis.
Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence by Some Indonesian Medicinal ...UniversitasGadjahMada
This study aims to discover quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) from some Indonesian medicinal plants ethanol extract to analyze their inhibitory activities against QS-mediated virulence factors in P. aeruginosa using in-vitro experimental study-laboratory setting. Indonesian medicinal plant ethanolic extracts were tested for their capability to inhibit P. aeruginosa motility, biofilm formation using microtiter plate method, pyocyanin and LasA production using LasA staphylolytic assay. Statistical significance of the data were determined using one way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s test. Differences were considered significant with P values of 0.05 or less. The findings obtained showed that Ethanolic extract of T. catappa leaves and A. alitilis flower capable to inhibit P. aeruginosa motility as well as pyocyanin production and biofilm formation. Both extracts also showed capability in reducing LasA protease production. It is concluded that T. catappa and A. alitilis are an interesting sources of innovative plant derived quorum quenching compound(s), thus can be used in the development of new antipathogenic drug.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS PLANTS EXTRACTSsin74
The document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial activity of various plant extracts against common pathogenic microorganisms. The study tested aqueous extracts of myrtle, harmal, henna, thyme, and fenugreek against bacteria (Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, E. coli, Proteus, Staphylococcus) and the yeast Candida. The myrtle extract showed the strongest inhibition of all microbes at 5% concentration. The harmal extract inhibited bacteria at 10% concentration except Candida which was inhibited at 20%. The henna extract inhibited bacteria at 20% except Candida was resistant. Thyme only inhibited 2 bacteria at 20% while others were resistant. Fen
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial activity of crude culture filtrate and methanol extract of the mushroom Stereum ostrea against bacteria. Key findings:
- Crude culture filtrate of S. ostrea showed the highest inhibitory activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria based on zone of inhibition tests, with the strongest effect against Bacillus subtilis. Methanol extract also inhibited bacterial growth but to a lesser degree.
- The minimum inhibitory concentration of both crude extract and methanol extract was 20μl for B. subtilis and 30μl for other tested bacteria.
- Results indicate S. ostrea contains metabolites with potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties that
This document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial activity of various fern species found in Darjeeling, India. Five fern species were found to have antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: Athyrium filix-femina, Dicranopteris linearis, Tectaria impressa, Hypolepis punctata, and Pleopeltis macromarpa. Ethanol extracts of these five species were tested against Bacillus megaterium and E. coli bacteria using the agar cup diffusion method. Dicranopteris linearis and Tectaria impressa showed similar activity against both types of bacteria. Athyrium filix-femina was more effective
Antibacterial Screening of Different Parts Datura alba NeesMusfirah Anjum
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antibacterial activity of different extracts (ethanol, methanol, chloroform, acetone) of leaves, flowers, seeds, and stem of Datura alba plant against four bacterial strains. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers showed the highest activity against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The seed extracts showed minimal activity compared to other plant parts. In general, the extracts showed higher activity against gram-positive versus gram-negative bacteria. The results indicate that D. alba extracts have potential as sources of antibacterial compounds.
1) Castanea sativa (European chestnut) leaf extracts containing ursene and oleanene derivatives were found to block Staphylococcus aureus virulence and pathogenesis without inducing resistance.
2) The extracts inhibited all four S. aureus accessory gene regulator (agr) alleles which control virulence factor production, in a concentration-dependent manner without impacting bacterial growth.
3) In vivo testing in a mouse skin infection model showed the extracts attenuated dermatopathology caused by MRSA when administered as a single dose, demonstrating potential as a non-antibiotic therapy.
1) The study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of crude culture filtrate and methanol extract of the mushroom Stereum ostrea against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
2) Crude culture filtrate showed higher inhibitory activity compared to methanol extract, as evidenced by larger inhibition zones. The crude filtrate was most effective against Bacillus subtilis and least effective against Klebsiella pneumoniae.
3) The minimal inhibitory concentration of both crude and methanol extracts was 20 μl for Bacillus subtilis and 30 μl for the other bacteria tested, indicating Stereum ostrea was most potent against Bacillus subtilis.
Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence by Some Indonesian Medicinal ...UniversitasGadjahMada
This study aims to discover quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) from some Indonesian medicinal plants ethanol extract to analyze their inhibitory activities against QS-mediated virulence factors in P. aeruginosa using in-vitro experimental study-laboratory setting. Indonesian medicinal plant ethanolic extracts were tested for their capability to inhibit P. aeruginosa motility, biofilm formation using microtiter plate method, pyocyanin and LasA production using LasA staphylolytic assay. Statistical significance of the data were determined using one way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s test. Differences were considered significant with P values of 0.05 or less. The findings obtained showed that Ethanolic extract of T. catappa leaves and A. alitilis flower capable to inhibit P. aeruginosa motility as well as pyocyanin production and biofilm formation. Both extracts also showed capability in reducing LasA protease production. It is concluded that T. catappa and A. alitilis are an interesting sources of innovative plant derived quorum quenching compound(s), thus can be used in the development of new antipathogenic drug.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS PLANTS EXTRACTSsin74
The document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial activity of various plant extracts against common pathogenic microorganisms. The study tested aqueous extracts of myrtle, harmal, henna, thyme, and fenugreek against bacteria (Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, E. coli, Proteus, Staphylococcus) and the yeast Candida. The myrtle extract showed the strongest inhibition of all microbes at 5% concentration. The harmal extract inhibited bacteria at 10% concentration except Candida which was inhibited at 20%. The henna extract inhibited bacteria at 20% except Candida was resistant. Thyme only inhibited 2 bacteria at 20% while others were resistant. Fen
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial activity of crude culture filtrate and methanol extract of the mushroom Stereum ostrea against bacteria. Key findings:
- Crude culture filtrate of S. ostrea showed the highest inhibitory activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria based on zone of inhibition tests, with the strongest effect against Bacillus subtilis. Methanol extract also inhibited bacterial growth but to a lesser degree.
- The minimum inhibitory concentration of both crude extract and methanol extract was 20μl for B. subtilis and 30μl for other tested bacteria.
- Results indicate S. ostrea contains metabolites with potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties that
This document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial activity of various fern species found in Darjeeling, India. Five fern species were found to have antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: Athyrium filix-femina, Dicranopteris linearis, Tectaria impressa, Hypolepis punctata, and Pleopeltis macromarpa. Ethanol extracts of these five species were tested against Bacillus megaterium and E. coli bacteria using the agar cup diffusion method. Dicranopteris linearis and Tectaria impressa showed similar activity against both types of bacteria. Athyrium filix-femina was more effective
Antibacterial Screening of Different Parts Datura alba NeesMusfirah Anjum
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antibacterial activity of different extracts (ethanol, methanol, chloroform, acetone) of leaves, flowers, seeds, and stem of Datura alba plant against four bacterial strains. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers showed the highest activity against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The seed extracts showed minimal activity compared to other plant parts. In general, the extracts showed higher activity against gram-positive versus gram-negative bacteria. The results indicate that D. alba extracts have potential as sources of antibacterial compounds.
1) Castanea sativa (European chestnut) leaf extracts containing ursene and oleanene derivatives were found to block Staphylococcus aureus virulence and pathogenesis without inducing resistance.
2) The extracts inhibited all four S. aureus accessory gene regulator (agr) alleles which control virulence factor production, in a concentration-dependent manner without impacting bacterial growth.
3) In vivo testing in a mouse skin infection model showed the extracts attenuated dermatopathology caused by MRSA when administered as a single dose, demonstrating potential as a non-antibiotic therapy.
6-IJABR-Ant Actino soil smpls satara agnst human patho-IJABR_V6(2)188-194Ravindragouda Patil
The document describes a study that isolated actinomycetes from soil samples in Satara district, Maharashtra, India. Of the 58 actinomycetes isolated, 12 (20.69%) showed inhibitory activity against E. coli in preliminary screening. Soil from Koyna river bank yielded more antagonistic actinomycetes (27.27%) than soil from a sugar factory effluent site (12%). The nine most active isolates were further tested against nine human pathogens. Isolate KY-33 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against all pathogens. KY-33 was identified as Streptomyces based on chemotaxonomic analysis. The results suggest soil with high organic matter and C:
This study investigated the effects of administering ethanolic root extract of Jatropha gossypifolia and prednisolone on the kidneys of Wistar rats. Rats were divided into groups that received various doses of the extract alone or with prednisolone. Blood was collected and kidneys were analyzed. Serum urea levels were significantly higher in treated groups, indicating kidney toxicity. Histological analysis revealed changes consistent with glomerulonephritis, including increased urinary space and glomerular distortion. Changes appeared to be dose- and time-dependent, and prednisolone provided no protective effects. The study concludes the extract is toxic to the kidneys, causing increased blood urea retention.
Study of the antibacterial activities of soursop (annona muricata l.) leavesAstri Xiao Lu
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antibacterial activities of methanol extract and chloroform fraction of soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The methanol extract showed inhibition zones of 14.1 mm against S. aureus and 13.1 mm against E. coli at a concentration of 150 mg/ml. At 250 mg/ml, the methanol extract inhibited E. coli with a zone of 14.5 mm. The chloroform fraction only inhibited S. aureus with a zone of 9.9 mm at 150 mg/ml. The methanol extract demonstrated higher antibacterial activity compared to the chloroform fraction against both bacterial strains.
Biological Efficacy of Quassia Indica (Geratn) Nooteb and Centella Asiatica (...IOSRJPBS
Antimicrobial activity of different extracts of two selected plants, Quassia indica (Geartn) Nooteb and Centella asiatica (L.) Urban were tested against selected strains of bacteria viz; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sps, Bacillus thuringiensis, Klebsiella sps and Serratia sps using agar disc diffusion technique. Petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water extracts of seed and leaf of Q. indica and leaf of C. asiatica showed moderate to significant antimicrobial activity. Of the four extracts tested, petroleum ether and water fractions showed more activity against all the bacterial strains. The zone of inhibition of the active fractions for the petroleum ether ranged from 8.57 to 12.63 mm and 8.53 to 14.5mm for the water fraction of Q. indica seed and leaf and C. asiatica leaf; and exhibited comparable results with widely used commercial antimicrobial agents (16 to19 mm for Kanamycin and 14 to 17mm for Cefotaxime). The results prove the efficacy of the most active fractions of the selected plant extracts to be used for developing potent antimicrobial formulations.
This document summarizes a study that screened 40 plant extracts for antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study aimed to screen extracts from plants traditionally used to treat tuberculosis and other infections in Sudan. The screening identified 5 extracts that showed distinct antimicrobial properties against M. tuberculosis through high-throughput screening using luciferase to determine bacterial growth and confirmation of inhibition through CFU plating and analysis of bacterial growth. The extracts warrant further study to evaluate their potential as sources of new anti-tuberculosis drugs.
This document discusses pigments and focuses on natural pigments like carotenoids and anthocyanins. It summarizes that carotenoids are important antioxidants that may help prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease, while anthocyanins give fruits and vegetables their red/blue colors and may help prevent cancer and heart disease. The study aimed to isolate and estimate levels of carotene and anthocyanin from carrot and cauliflower extracts using chromatography and spectrophotometry. It found higher levels of carotene in carrots and anthocyanins in cauliflower. Both compounds showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the antibacterial properties of some Indian spices. Small cardamom, clove, dry ginger, and black pepper were extracted using polar and nonpolar solvents. The extracts were tested against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and B. subtilis bacteria. Acetone extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity. Adding MgSO4 metal salt at 1% concentration further increased the antibacterial effect of the acetone extracts. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing determined the dosage needed for antibacterial effects. The study concluded that these spices have effective antibacterial properties and could potentially be used as natural antimicrobial agents in foods.
Meicinal plant materials carry a great number of bacteria and moulds from soil. The current practices of harvesting, handling and production of herbs often cause additional microbial contamination. The pathogenic bacteria normally seen in the plant materials are Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia). The Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia also specifies limit for E. coli, and Salmonella sp. for medicinal plant material (Trease and Evans, 1985). Before coming to the market, the herbal drug should be made free from any pathogens, bacteria, moulds or fungi. If heating is not involved in manufacturing process, herbs should be properly sterilized by ethylene oxide or gamma radiation. The WHO has also emphasized for the control of microbial contamination in plant materials and prescribed guidelines for testing total viable count, E. coli, and Salmonella sp. in the plant materials (Kokate, 1991). In the present study culture media were prepared as per the formula and procedure given in Indian Pharmacopoeia 1996 Vol-II. Total aerobic microbial count of the sample of leaf and root of Barleria prionitis were determined. Total Viable Count, Fungal Count and tests for specific microorganisms in sample of leaf and root of B. prionitis was determined. In the sample of leaf, E. coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus were found negative, but Pseudomonas was found positive. In the sample of root, E. coli and, Staphylococcus were negative, but Salmonella and Pseudomonas were found positive. The absence of Staphylococci could be ascribed to the absence of human and animal’s contamination. The present study and its findings would serve as an important source of information helpful in establishing the purity and efficacy of the plant.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
ANTI - INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF JATROPHA GOSSYPIFOLIA L.Raju Sanghvi
BY HRBC MEMBRANE STABILIZATION METHOD, Introduction, Preparation of extracts, Chemicals and instruments, In vitro anti – inflammatory activity, Acute oral toxicity study, Discussion
The document summarizes the medicinal and insecticidal properties of Citrullus colocynthis (wild watermelon). It details that different plant parts have different medicinal uses, like seeds containing fatty acids and having anti-diabetic effects, fruit pulp being purgative and used to treat various diseases, and leaves exhibiting anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties. Experiments showed that compounds isolated from C. colocynthis have insecticidal effects against the aphid Aphis craccivora. Additional experiments tested antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, finding that extracts from leaves, seeds, and roots inhibited bacterial growth. In conclusion, C. colocynthis shows potential for developing novel drugs and
Sensitivity of pseudomonas species expressing extended spectrumAlexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that investigated the sensitivity of Pseudomonas species expressing Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) to different solvent fractions of the plant Milletia aboensis.
Key findings:
- 10 isolates of Pseudomonas species expressing ESBL were obtained from animal samples.
- The ethanol, chloroform and methanol fractions of M. aboensis showed antibacterial activity against the ESBL-producing Pseudomonas isolates. The ethanol extract had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration.
- The ethyl acetate fraction did not show significant antibacterial effects.
The results suggest M. aboensis contains anti-pseudomonal agents that could treat infections caused by
The document summarizes a study that assessed the antimicrobial activities of secondary metabolite extracts from three soil-inhabiting fungi - Trichoderma koningii, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Fusarium oxysporum. The fungi were cultured individually in Sabouraud broth for 21 days, after which ethyl acetate was used to extract secondary metabolites from the broth. Thin layer chromatography analysis indicated the extracts contained multiple compounds. The extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against four microorganisms using a broth microdilution assay. The extracts displayed variable but low antimicrobial activity compared to standard antimicrobial drugs. This study provides a preliminary analysis of the antimicrobial potential of extracts from these under-explored
ABSTRACT- The present study was planned to study the antimicrobial activity of different plant extract against selected microorganisms. The plants used in the present study were Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Withania somnifera (Ashwgandha), Santalum album (Chandan), Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). The extract from the leaves of these plants (are) used in malaria, bronchitis, gastric disorders, cough, cold etc. To test efficiency of some common plants extract against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. The present investigation is therefore, undertaken to test the efficiency of some of the common plant extracts against some plants and human pathogens, i.e. E. coli and S. aureus. In this project work, we studied the different parts of medicinal plants of Latur, Osmanabad region used for curing different type of diseases specially skin diseases. Some plants have active components which show antimicrobial activity. These Herbal plants are beneficial to human being in therapeutic practice. Skin diseases are difficult conditions to live with, to save the very least. Though some skin diseases may cause minimal discomfort, the visual effects of the conditions can cause significant self esteem and confidence issues. The majority of skin diseases cause scarring or disfigurement. Skin diseases run the gambit from barely noticeable to fatal.
Key-words- Medicinal plants, Antimicrobial activity, Antifungal activity
This document evaluates the antimicrobial activity of extracts from the leaves of Vernonia glabra and roots of Securidaca longepedunculata, which are traditionally used in Malawi to treat bacterial infections. Aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts as well as dichloromethane, hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion and micro broth dilution methods. Results showed that V. glabra acetone leaf extracts were effective against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, while S. longepedunculata
Allium sativum (garlic) has potential as a biological control agent. The document reviews the biology of garlic and studies on its ability to control pests and pathogens. Garlic extracts have shown to inhibit fungal growth and reduce disease severity in tomatoes and downy mildew of cucumbers. Crude garlic extract provided over 90% control of sorghum ergot under greenhouse and field conditions. Results indicate garlic extracts are promising as natural, effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides for controlling agricultural diseases and insects.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali ...researchplantsciences
In the present work an attempt has been made to carry out screening for the preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalis forest. Fifteen plants were selected for preliminary screening for their antibacterial potentiality, The antibacterial activity was done against four bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,.The preliminary screening experiment revealed that methanol extracts were more potent than the aqueous extracts. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumoniae and the most resistant bacteria were E. coli. Bauhinia racemosa L. exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity.
Article Citation:
Khaleel Basha S, Sudarsanam G, Hari Babu Rao D, Niaz Parveen.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali tribe of Yerramalais forest of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 027-031.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0003.pdf
Synergistic antibacterial effects of three edible plants extract against anti...Open Access Research Paper
In vitro synergistic antibacterial effects among Alocasia macrorrhizos rhizome, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius corm and Colocasia esculenta corm extracts were tested against six resistant bacteria viz., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition zone was compared with the commercially available antibiotic (tetracycline). High inhibitory activity was observed against E. coli (12.67±0.33 mm) and S. aureus (12.50±0.29 mm) for methanol extract at 800 mgml-1 of concentration. MIC and MBC of the extracts ranged from 200-580 mgml-1 and 250-650 mgml-1 respectively. The lowest MIC and MBC of the extracts were measured against E. coli.
Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark Extracts of Oroxylum indicum an Endangere...IOSR Journals
The document summarizes a study on the antibacterial activity of stem bark extracts of Oroxylum indicum, an endangered medicinal plant, against four bacterial strains. The aqueous extracts of the stem bark were tested using the well diffusion method. Results found that extracts showed inhibitory activity against all bacterial strains tested, with the highest activity observed against Bacillus subtilis at a 1:1 extract concentration. This provides evidence that O. indicum may be a potential source of antimicrobial agents and suggests further investigation is needed to identify active compounds responsible for the antibacterial effects.
In vitro assessment of antibacterial activity of Salicornia herbacea L. seed ...Innspub Net
In this study, the antibacterial activities of Salicornia herbacea L. seed extract against two gram-negative and two gram- positive bacteria were evaluated with the agar disc diffusion and MIC methods. Result showed that inhibition zones of 9.5±0.01, 6.2±0.00, 4±0.00 and 3.5±0.10 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, respectively. Among four bacteria the maximum and minimum inhibition seed ethanolic extract were related to S. aureus with inhibition zones of 9.5mm and MIC 189.5 mg/ml and E. coli with inhibition zones of 3.5 mm and MIC 420 mg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol seed extract of S. herbacea is the result of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, osmotic compound (betaine)
or synergic and additive effect of several compounds present in it. Our results suggest the possibility of using S. herbacea seed, which possesses strong antibacterial activity, in the treatment of diseases caused by the microorganisms tested. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-4-number-6-march-2014/
Isolation of Bacteriocin Producing Lactobacillus SPP from fermented food like...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that isolated bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus species from the fermented food Dhokla. Lactobacillus delbrueckii was found to produce bacteriocin with strong antimicrobial activity against various bacteria like Bacillus licheniformis and Escherichia coli. The bacteriocin was extracted from the fermented culture and shown to inhibit food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. This suggests bacteriocin could potentially be used as a natural biopreservative to control harmful bacteria and extend the shelf life of foods.
Synergistic effects of 18 flavonoids (11 glycosides and flavones, 01 flavones diglycoside, 04 chalcones and 02 aglycones) in combination with different anti-fungal agents against fungal strains were investigated. The agar diffusion assay of these flavonoids with different anti-fungal agents was tested. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of each of the flavonoids with different anti-fungal agents were determined by using checkerboard broth micro dilution assay. Flavones diglycoside (3, 5-dihydroxy flavones 7-O-b-D-glucuronide-4-O-b-D-glucopyranside) potentiated the in vitro and in vivo activity against fungal strains. The flavones diglycoside reduced MIC of amphotericin-B to one half against different fungal strains, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans 1202. Although moderate change between in vitro and in vivo studies have been found, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in flavonoid action will have many health benefits to man. In conclusion, these findings suggested that flavonoid combination regimens may be considered as an useful candidate for the treatment of fungal infection.
6-IJABR-Ant Actino soil smpls satara agnst human patho-IJABR_V6(2)188-194Ravindragouda Patil
The document describes a study that isolated actinomycetes from soil samples in Satara district, Maharashtra, India. Of the 58 actinomycetes isolated, 12 (20.69%) showed inhibitory activity against E. coli in preliminary screening. Soil from Koyna river bank yielded more antagonistic actinomycetes (27.27%) than soil from a sugar factory effluent site (12%). The nine most active isolates were further tested against nine human pathogens. Isolate KY-33 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against all pathogens. KY-33 was identified as Streptomyces based on chemotaxonomic analysis. The results suggest soil with high organic matter and C:
This study investigated the effects of administering ethanolic root extract of Jatropha gossypifolia and prednisolone on the kidneys of Wistar rats. Rats were divided into groups that received various doses of the extract alone or with prednisolone. Blood was collected and kidneys were analyzed. Serum urea levels were significantly higher in treated groups, indicating kidney toxicity. Histological analysis revealed changes consistent with glomerulonephritis, including increased urinary space and glomerular distortion. Changes appeared to be dose- and time-dependent, and prednisolone provided no protective effects. The study concludes the extract is toxic to the kidneys, causing increased blood urea retention.
Study of the antibacterial activities of soursop (annona muricata l.) leavesAstri Xiao Lu
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antibacterial activities of methanol extract and chloroform fraction of soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The methanol extract showed inhibition zones of 14.1 mm against S. aureus and 13.1 mm against E. coli at a concentration of 150 mg/ml. At 250 mg/ml, the methanol extract inhibited E. coli with a zone of 14.5 mm. The chloroform fraction only inhibited S. aureus with a zone of 9.9 mm at 150 mg/ml. The methanol extract demonstrated higher antibacterial activity compared to the chloroform fraction against both bacterial strains.
Biological Efficacy of Quassia Indica (Geratn) Nooteb and Centella Asiatica (...IOSRJPBS
Antimicrobial activity of different extracts of two selected plants, Quassia indica (Geartn) Nooteb and Centella asiatica (L.) Urban were tested against selected strains of bacteria viz; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sps, Bacillus thuringiensis, Klebsiella sps and Serratia sps using agar disc diffusion technique. Petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water extracts of seed and leaf of Q. indica and leaf of C. asiatica showed moderate to significant antimicrobial activity. Of the four extracts tested, petroleum ether and water fractions showed more activity against all the bacterial strains. The zone of inhibition of the active fractions for the petroleum ether ranged from 8.57 to 12.63 mm and 8.53 to 14.5mm for the water fraction of Q. indica seed and leaf and C. asiatica leaf; and exhibited comparable results with widely used commercial antimicrobial agents (16 to19 mm for Kanamycin and 14 to 17mm for Cefotaxime). The results prove the efficacy of the most active fractions of the selected plant extracts to be used for developing potent antimicrobial formulations.
This document summarizes a study that screened 40 plant extracts for antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study aimed to screen extracts from plants traditionally used to treat tuberculosis and other infections in Sudan. The screening identified 5 extracts that showed distinct antimicrobial properties against M. tuberculosis through high-throughput screening using luciferase to determine bacterial growth and confirmation of inhibition through CFU plating and analysis of bacterial growth. The extracts warrant further study to evaluate their potential as sources of new anti-tuberculosis drugs.
This document discusses pigments and focuses on natural pigments like carotenoids and anthocyanins. It summarizes that carotenoids are important antioxidants that may help prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease, while anthocyanins give fruits and vegetables their red/blue colors and may help prevent cancer and heart disease. The study aimed to isolate and estimate levels of carotene and anthocyanin from carrot and cauliflower extracts using chromatography and spectrophotometry. It found higher levels of carotene in carrots and anthocyanins in cauliflower. Both compounds showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the antibacterial properties of some Indian spices. Small cardamom, clove, dry ginger, and black pepper were extracted using polar and nonpolar solvents. The extracts were tested against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and B. subtilis bacteria. Acetone extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity. Adding MgSO4 metal salt at 1% concentration further increased the antibacterial effect of the acetone extracts. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing determined the dosage needed for antibacterial effects. The study concluded that these spices have effective antibacterial properties and could potentially be used as natural antimicrobial agents in foods.
Meicinal plant materials carry a great number of bacteria and moulds from soil. The current practices of harvesting, handling and production of herbs often cause additional microbial contamination. The pathogenic bacteria normally seen in the plant materials are Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia). The Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia also specifies limit for E. coli, and Salmonella sp. for medicinal plant material (Trease and Evans, 1985). Before coming to the market, the herbal drug should be made free from any pathogens, bacteria, moulds or fungi. If heating is not involved in manufacturing process, herbs should be properly sterilized by ethylene oxide or gamma radiation. The WHO has also emphasized for the control of microbial contamination in plant materials and prescribed guidelines for testing total viable count, E. coli, and Salmonella sp. in the plant materials (Kokate, 1991). In the present study culture media were prepared as per the formula and procedure given in Indian Pharmacopoeia 1996 Vol-II. Total aerobic microbial count of the sample of leaf and root of Barleria prionitis were determined. Total Viable Count, Fungal Count and tests for specific microorganisms in sample of leaf and root of B. prionitis was determined. In the sample of leaf, E. coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus were found negative, but Pseudomonas was found positive. In the sample of root, E. coli and, Staphylococcus were negative, but Salmonella and Pseudomonas were found positive. The absence of Staphylococci could be ascribed to the absence of human and animal’s contamination. The present study and its findings would serve as an important source of information helpful in establishing the purity and efficacy of the plant.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
ANTI - INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF JATROPHA GOSSYPIFOLIA L.Raju Sanghvi
BY HRBC MEMBRANE STABILIZATION METHOD, Introduction, Preparation of extracts, Chemicals and instruments, In vitro anti – inflammatory activity, Acute oral toxicity study, Discussion
The document summarizes the medicinal and insecticidal properties of Citrullus colocynthis (wild watermelon). It details that different plant parts have different medicinal uses, like seeds containing fatty acids and having anti-diabetic effects, fruit pulp being purgative and used to treat various diseases, and leaves exhibiting anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties. Experiments showed that compounds isolated from C. colocynthis have insecticidal effects against the aphid Aphis craccivora. Additional experiments tested antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, finding that extracts from leaves, seeds, and roots inhibited bacterial growth. In conclusion, C. colocynthis shows potential for developing novel drugs and
Sensitivity of pseudomonas species expressing extended spectrumAlexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that investigated the sensitivity of Pseudomonas species expressing Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) to different solvent fractions of the plant Milletia aboensis.
Key findings:
- 10 isolates of Pseudomonas species expressing ESBL were obtained from animal samples.
- The ethanol, chloroform and methanol fractions of M. aboensis showed antibacterial activity against the ESBL-producing Pseudomonas isolates. The ethanol extract had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration.
- The ethyl acetate fraction did not show significant antibacterial effects.
The results suggest M. aboensis contains anti-pseudomonal agents that could treat infections caused by
The document summarizes a study that assessed the antimicrobial activities of secondary metabolite extracts from three soil-inhabiting fungi - Trichoderma koningii, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Fusarium oxysporum. The fungi were cultured individually in Sabouraud broth for 21 days, after which ethyl acetate was used to extract secondary metabolites from the broth. Thin layer chromatography analysis indicated the extracts contained multiple compounds. The extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against four microorganisms using a broth microdilution assay. The extracts displayed variable but low antimicrobial activity compared to standard antimicrobial drugs. This study provides a preliminary analysis of the antimicrobial potential of extracts from these under-explored
ABSTRACT- The present study was planned to study the antimicrobial activity of different plant extract against selected microorganisms. The plants used in the present study were Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Withania somnifera (Ashwgandha), Santalum album (Chandan), Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). The extract from the leaves of these plants (are) used in malaria, bronchitis, gastric disorders, cough, cold etc. To test efficiency of some common plants extract against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. The present investigation is therefore, undertaken to test the efficiency of some of the common plant extracts against some plants and human pathogens, i.e. E. coli and S. aureus. In this project work, we studied the different parts of medicinal plants of Latur, Osmanabad region used for curing different type of diseases specially skin diseases. Some plants have active components which show antimicrobial activity. These Herbal plants are beneficial to human being in therapeutic practice. Skin diseases are difficult conditions to live with, to save the very least. Though some skin diseases may cause minimal discomfort, the visual effects of the conditions can cause significant self esteem and confidence issues. The majority of skin diseases cause scarring or disfigurement. Skin diseases run the gambit from barely noticeable to fatal.
Key-words- Medicinal plants, Antimicrobial activity, Antifungal activity
This document evaluates the antimicrobial activity of extracts from the leaves of Vernonia glabra and roots of Securidaca longepedunculata, which are traditionally used in Malawi to treat bacterial infections. Aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts as well as dichloromethane, hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion and micro broth dilution methods. Results showed that V. glabra acetone leaf extracts were effective against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, while S. longepedunculata
Allium sativum (garlic) has potential as a biological control agent. The document reviews the biology of garlic and studies on its ability to control pests and pathogens. Garlic extracts have shown to inhibit fungal growth and reduce disease severity in tomatoes and downy mildew of cucumbers. Crude garlic extract provided over 90% control of sorghum ergot under greenhouse and field conditions. Results indicate garlic extracts are promising as natural, effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides for controlling agricultural diseases and insects.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali ...researchplantsciences
In the present work an attempt has been made to carry out screening for the preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalis forest. Fifteen plants were selected for preliminary screening for their antibacterial potentiality, The antibacterial activity was done against four bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,.The preliminary screening experiment revealed that methanol extracts were more potent than the aqueous extracts. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumoniae and the most resistant bacteria were E. coli. Bauhinia racemosa L. exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity.
Article Citation:
Khaleel Basha S, Sudarsanam G, Hari Babu Rao D, Niaz Parveen.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali tribe of Yerramalais forest of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 027-031.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0003.pdf
Synergistic antibacterial effects of three edible plants extract against anti...Open Access Research Paper
In vitro synergistic antibacterial effects among Alocasia macrorrhizos rhizome, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius corm and Colocasia esculenta corm extracts were tested against six resistant bacteria viz., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition zone was compared with the commercially available antibiotic (tetracycline). High inhibitory activity was observed against E. coli (12.67±0.33 mm) and S. aureus (12.50±0.29 mm) for methanol extract at 800 mgml-1 of concentration. MIC and MBC of the extracts ranged from 200-580 mgml-1 and 250-650 mgml-1 respectively. The lowest MIC and MBC of the extracts were measured against E. coli.
Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark Extracts of Oroxylum indicum an Endangere...IOSR Journals
The document summarizes a study on the antibacterial activity of stem bark extracts of Oroxylum indicum, an endangered medicinal plant, against four bacterial strains. The aqueous extracts of the stem bark were tested using the well diffusion method. Results found that extracts showed inhibitory activity against all bacterial strains tested, with the highest activity observed against Bacillus subtilis at a 1:1 extract concentration. This provides evidence that O. indicum may be a potential source of antimicrobial agents and suggests further investigation is needed to identify active compounds responsible for the antibacterial effects.
In vitro assessment of antibacterial activity of Salicornia herbacea L. seed ...Innspub Net
In this study, the antibacterial activities of Salicornia herbacea L. seed extract against two gram-negative and two gram- positive bacteria were evaluated with the agar disc diffusion and MIC methods. Result showed that inhibition zones of 9.5±0.01, 6.2±0.00, 4±0.00 and 3.5±0.10 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, respectively. Among four bacteria the maximum and minimum inhibition seed ethanolic extract were related to S. aureus with inhibition zones of 9.5mm and MIC 189.5 mg/ml and E. coli with inhibition zones of 3.5 mm and MIC 420 mg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol seed extract of S. herbacea is the result of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, osmotic compound (betaine)
or synergic and additive effect of several compounds present in it. Our results suggest the possibility of using S. herbacea seed, which possesses strong antibacterial activity, in the treatment of diseases caused by the microorganisms tested. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-4-number-6-march-2014/
Isolation of Bacteriocin Producing Lactobacillus SPP from fermented food like...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that isolated bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus species from the fermented food Dhokla. Lactobacillus delbrueckii was found to produce bacteriocin with strong antimicrobial activity against various bacteria like Bacillus licheniformis and Escherichia coli. The bacteriocin was extracted from the fermented culture and shown to inhibit food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. This suggests bacteriocin could potentially be used as a natural biopreservative to control harmful bacteria and extend the shelf life of foods.
Synergistic effects of 18 flavonoids (11 glycosides and flavones, 01 flavones diglycoside, 04 chalcones and 02 aglycones) in combination with different anti-fungal agents against fungal strains were investigated. The agar diffusion assay of these flavonoids with different anti-fungal agents was tested. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of each of the flavonoids with different anti-fungal agents were determined by using checkerboard broth micro dilution assay. Flavones diglycoside (3, 5-dihydroxy flavones 7-O-b-D-glucuronide-4-O-b-D-glucopyranside) potentiated the in vitro and in vivo activity against fungal strains. The flavones diglycoside reduced MIC of amphotericin-B to one half against different fungal strains, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans 1202. Although moderate change between in vitro and in vivo studies have been found, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in flavonoid action will have many health benefits to man. In conclusion, these findings suggested that flavonoid combination regimens may be considered as an useful candidate for the treatment of fungal infection.
This document discusses pigments and focuses on natural pigments like carotenoids and anthocyanins. It summarizes that carotenoids are important antioxidants that may help prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease, while anthocyanins give fruits and vegetables their red/blue colors and may help prevent cancer and heart disease. The study aimed to isolate and estimate levels of carotene and anthocyanin from carrot and cauliflower extracts using chromatography and spectrophotometry. It found higher levels of carotene in carrots and anthocyanins in cauliflower. Both compounds showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.
In vitro controlling of selected human diarrhea causing bacteria by clove ext...Open Access Research Paper
Antibacterial activity of clove extracts (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was proven against five diarrhea causing bacteria. This was further confirmed when compared with commonly used three commercial antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and erythromycin) as a positive control. Significant differences (P<0.0001) were observed in the effect of the antimicrobial agents (clove extracts and antibiotics), and in the sensitivities of the bacterial species (P<0.0001) to the antimicrobial agents. Clove extracts had significant (P<0.001) activity with the acetone extract demonstrating highest activity followed by antibiotics and other extracts against tested bacteria. The zone of inhibition of clove extracts was ranged from 7.33 to 12.00 mm whereas in antibiotics, it was 0.00 to 11.67 mm. Of all the bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium was the most susceptible against all of the extracts as well as concentrations of clove, while low MIC (180 mgml-1) and MBC (680 mgml-1) of the extracts were observed against Shigella dysenteriae. Consequently, clove has a significant antidiarrheal activity and it could be used as an effective antibacterial agent, alternative to the use of antibiotics.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antifungal activity of fractions isolated from the hexane extract of Acacia nilotica bark. Crude hexane extract and 11 fractions were tested against three fungal pathogens (Alternaria brassicae, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani). Fraction 2 showed the highest inhibition of mycelial growth for A. brassicae and R. solani, while Fraction 1 was most effective against F. oxysporum. Fraction 2 demonstrated the strongest overall antifungal activity. The antifungal properties may be due to compounds such as carbohydrates, sterols, triterpenoids and anthraquinone present in the
Antibacterial activity of citrullus colocynthis against different types of ba...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antibacterial activity of Citrullus colocynthis (bitter apple) extracts against several pathogenic bacteria. Ethanol and water extracts of C. colocynthis aerial parts and fruits were tested against 7 bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The ethanol extract showed inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactia, while the water extract showed little to no activity. The ethanol extract had inhibitory effects similar to the antibiotic cefotaxime. The results suggest that C. colocynthis extracts could help address drug resistance by providing an alternative to antibiotics.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity on Stem Bark E...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study on the preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of stem bark extracts of Ceiba pentandra. The stem bark was extracted using n-hexane, acetone, and ethanol. Phytochemical analysis found flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and triterpenes in the acetone extract. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against three bacteria. The acetone extract showed the highest activity, inhibiting all three bacteria at 300mg/ml. The phytochemicals identified, like flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenes have been shown to have antibacterial properties and may be responsible for the antibacterial activity observed.
Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant an...YogeshIJTSRD
In the present study, two plant species of the family Asteraceae were selected for an evaluation of their phytochemical screening, antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties. Phytochemical alkaloids, phenols, protein, flavonoids, quinines, tannins, and terpenoids are present in the aqua methanol and aqua acetone extract s of Cirsium arvense L Cronquist and Erigeron bonariensis. The selected plant species exhibit anti inflammatory properties in both solvents. The enzymatic antioxidant property of selected plant species was evaluated by superoxide dismutase SOD , peroxidase POD , and catalase CAT . E. bonariensis shows 20.05±0.02 superoxide dismutase activity which is moreover equal to C. arvense 19.47±0.31 . POD and CAT activities of C. arvense 109.35±0.69 and 41.48±0.13 and E. bonariensis 105.91±1.53 and 39.63±0.035 respectively, the POD activity of C. arvense is slightly higher than E. bonariensis but CAT activity again higher in E. bonariensis same as SOD. Deepti Rawat | P. B. Rao "Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and In-Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Aqua Methanol and Aqua Acetone Extract of Cirsium Arvense and Erigeron Bonariensis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43934.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/43934/qualitative-phytochemical-screening-and-invitro-assessment-of-antioxidant-and-antiinflammatory-potential-of-aqua-methanol-and-aqua-acetone-extract-of-cirsium-arvense-and-erigeron-bonariensis/deepti-rawat
IRJET- Screening the Antibacterial Activity of Scutellaria Baicalensis Agains...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antibacterial activity of Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, against both human and animal pathogens. The study found that methanol extracts of S. baicalensis exhibited the highest zone of inhibition against Vibrio cholerae, a pathogen of both humans and shrimp. Overall, the results indicate that S. baicalensis possesses compounds with good antibacterial activity and has potential for use as an alternative to antibiotics in both human and aquaculture applications.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Excoecaria Agallocha Lijtsrd
Excoecaria agallocha L. is an important medicinal plant inhabited in mangrove regions. Early researches focused on antimicrobial activity of leaves of concerned plant with various solvents among which ethanol, chloroform and methanol were Used. Ella. Sai Kumar "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Excoecaria Agallocha L" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30276.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/30276/evaluation-of-antimicrobial-activity-of-excoecaria-agallocha-l/ella-sai-kumar
The Medicinal Plant of Mimusops Elengi (Sapodaceae) in Antimicrobial ActivitiesIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial activities of Mimusops elengi, a medicinal plant from Tamil Nadu, India. Extracts from different parts of the plant were tested against bacteria and fungi. The key findings were:
1) Extracts from the leaves, stem bark, and roots showed inhibitory effects against both bacteria and fungi. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts generally exhibited higher antimicrobial activity.
2) Against bacteria, leaf and stem bark extracts effectively inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Root extracts were most active against B. thuringiensis and Escherichia coli.
3)
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM PLANTS AND OTHER ...American Research Thoughts
This document describes a study that isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from various plant and vegetable matrices. 22 LAB strains were isolated belonging to Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Enterococcus genera. The predominant species were Lactobacillus brevis (57%) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (14%). The strains were tested for their ability to produce bacteriocin-like substances (BLS) with antimicrobial activity. A conjugation experiment was then successfully performed between Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus to demonstrate horizontal gene transfer of BLS production.
Protein was extracted from muscles of Channa striatus and attempts were
made to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity against clinical bacterial isolates. The
higher concentration of protein (100μg/ml) extracts exhibited a pronounced activity
against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21 mm), Proteus vulgaris (19 mm), Citrobacter sp
(19 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18 mm), Micrococcus sp (17 mm), Bacillus subtilis (16
mm), Staphylococcus aureus (15 mm), E. coli (14 mm) and Serratia marcescens (5
mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration
were found to be 20-40 μg/ml and 80-100 μg/ml respectively for the extracts of
Channa striatus protein against test organisms. This study confirms that C. striatus fish
protein extracts possess antibacterial activity against a wide range of microbes and
justified that it could be used in the traditional medicine as a remedy for the
treatment of bacterial diseases.
This proposal aims to isolate and identify the active compounds in five medicinal plants - ginger, hierba buena, poleo, cinnamon, and clavo - that give them antibacterial properties against E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella enteriditis. The plants will be extracted and purified through chromatography techniques. The isolated compounds will then be tested using disk diffusion assays and minimum inhibitory concentration assays to determine which have the strongest inhibitory effects on the bacteria. Identifying these antibacterial compounds could contribute to the development of natural bactericides and promote further research on medicinal plant compounds.
Secondary metabolites used to treat infections caused by microbial pathogens. It can cause illness to humans and animals. This study was carried out to screen for potential antimicrobial producing microbes from soil samples collected from different area of Garhwal region in Uttarakhand, India. Dermatophytes are a major group of closely pathogenic fungi that infect skin, hair and nails in humans and animals. In the present study, a trial was done to find out a new antimicrobial agent producing bacteria from soil samples. Antifungal activity of each bacterial isolate against dermatophytic fungus was performed with dual culture and agar well diffusion methods using SDA medium. All the isolated bacterial colonies were observed for primary screening for their anti-dermatophytic activity against the pathogenic species of dermatophytes Trichophyton (MTCC-272), Epidermophyton, (MTCC-465), Microsporum (MTCC-964), Candida albicans, and A. niger were screened by well diffusion methods. Among the total 75 bacterial isolates, only 15 of them were capable of synthesizing antimicrobial metabolites in primary screening. Out of these fifteen isolated bacterial sp. only four Bacterial colonies were found to most potent that was obtained from agricultural region of Srinagar Garhwal, in Uttarakhand found to exhibit the highest antagonistic and anti-dermatophytic activity against most of the used pathogenic dermatophytes in the study. The Physiochemical and biochemical characters of the isolated bacterial species were matched with Bacillus and Pseudomonas sp. Then antifungal activity was measured in different pH and temperature range parameter. Thus, isolated strain was given the suggested name PA-4(a), PA-2(a), PA-2 (PK-1), and PA-1(E). This study indicates that microorganisms isolated from agriculture land of Garhwal region in Uttarakhand (India) soil could be an interesting source of antimicrobial bioactive compound.
Key-words- Secondary metabolites, Antibiotic, Soil Bacteria, Dermatophytes, Antagonistic activity
Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Studies on Bambusa arundinacea a...SUS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
This study was formulated to check the phytochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial potential of
Bambusa arundinacea (Bamboo) and Mangifera indica (Mango) trees. Aqueous, ethanolic and
methanolic extracts were prepared from leaves of former and stem bark of later. The phytochemical
screening of the extracts showed the presence of various bioactive compounds such as
carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins and proteins in B. arundinacea, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins,
saponins, steroids and cardiac glycosides in M. indica. Total phenolic concentration and
percentage of free radical scavenging activity was more in ethanolic extracts of B. arundinacea and
M. indica followed by methanolic extracts and aqueous extracts. Highest percentage of ferric
reducing antioxidant power was found in ethanolic extracts and lowest in aqueous extracts indicates
that ethanolic extracts has more antioxidant potential than the other two extracts. Ethanolic extracts
of both plants had higher inhibition on the tested Gram positive (B. subtilis & S. aureus) as well as
Gram negative (E.coli & P. aeruginosa) bacteria evidenced from the zones of inhibition. M. indica
showed more therapeutic potential as compared to B. arundinacea and ethanolic as well as
methanolic extracts of both the tested plants were more effective than aqueous extracts due to better
extraction power of organic solvents. Overall study indicates that B. arundinacea and M. indica are
potential source of natural antioxidants, phytochemicals and antibacterials that can be used for the
development of novel drugs and may represent new source of antimicrobials with stable, biologically
active components that can establish a scientific base for further use in modern medicines.
This study evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Syzygium jambos. Methanolic extracts and aqueous soluble fractions of S. jambos stem bark exhibited significant antioxidant activity. The chloroform and carbon tetrachloride soluble fractions showed mild antimicrobial activity against several bacteria. The chloroform soluble fraction also demonstrated moderate free radical scavenging activity. Overall, S. jambos extracts displayed antioxidant and limited antimicrobial effects, suggesting potential for further investigation into their bioactive properties.
Similar to Comparative studies on phytochemical components and curd probiotics (20)
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd...Donc Test
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
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Comparative studies on phytochemical components and curd probiotics
1. Comparative Studies on Phytochemical
Components and Curd Probiotics against
Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. in In
vitro Analysis
On behalf of the Organizing Committees for the “Assam Botany
Congress” and the “ International Conference on Plant Science”
Avra Pratim Chowdhury*1(a), Bhanu Preya Sharma1(b), Bhriganka Bharadwaj1(c), DR. Abul Manchur2,
1.a. Ph.D. research scholar, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, India.
1. b. M. Sc. Research, Assam down town University, Assam. India
1.c. Assistant Professor, , Assam down town University, Assam. India
2. Professor, Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
2. Introduction
Medicinal plant besides therapeutic agents are also a big source of information for a
wide variety of chemical constituents which could be developed as drugs with precise
selectivity. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is small ornamental tree known across the country
for its fragment white flowers.
It has been reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-leishmanial, antiviral and anti-
fungal activities and ulcerogenic activities. The plant also possess anti-allergic, anti-
malarial, antihelminthic and antioxidant activities.
Taxonomical Classification
kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Nyctanthes
Species: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
So the beneficial aspect of using phytochemicals and probiotic, have already been
subjected in research purposes. But pharmaceutically processed combination of
different species of probiotics and plant medicines used against intestinal
pathogen, for this antagonistic action is required for in vitro analysis.
3. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY:
Comparative analysis stood for studying out
comes of medicinal and phytochemical effect of
individual gut health.
To find out the basic differentiation between curd
probiotics and phytochemical components
against isolated pathogens in public health
significance.
To assure the significant activities of antagonistic
actions against gram negative characterized
organisms and their functions as selective
isolates.
4. Objectives :
To carry out phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of plant
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis.
To determine antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Nyctanthes
arbor-tristis against Escherichia coli.
Screening of probiotic from curd according to their isolation
and identifications.
Comparative analytical study on characteristics of
phytochemicals and curd probiotics against the implemented
and isolated pathogens.
Aims:
Assessment of visible and non visible findings of antagonistic
action of Phytochemical Components and Curd Probio against
isolated infectious pathogens.
5. Collection of the plant sample Extraction processes (Aqueous , methanol and
ether) Phytochemical analysis of these extracts Study of microscopic
characteristics of bacteria Biochemical characteristics of bacteria
Antimicrobial activity by well diffusion method using MHA (Muller Hinton Agar)
media
Phytochemical Analysis
A B C
D E F
B. Positive result for carbohydrate
C. Positive result for phenol
D. Positive result for protein
E. Positive result for Flavonoid
F. Positive result for steroid
A. Positive test for Alkaloids
Saponin and Tanin Negative, absent in extrac
Aqueous
Extract
Methanol
Extract
Petroleum
Ether
Extract
6. Screening of Curd
Probiotics
Samples: Home made Curd, Curd from Beverage.
Dilutions: 5 fold and 10 fold, Total diluted Samples: 20
Methodology:
Spread plate Mix culture Pure culture TSI slant Colony
characterization Isolation Screening Biochemical test
Staining Identification
Identification 2 : Cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics
of the isolate SC15 was compared with the standard description given in
Bergey‘s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology - 8th ed. (Buchanan and
Gibbons, 1974) and 9th ed. (Holt et al., 1984) and it was found closely
related with the
genus Streptococcus described by Rosenbach (1884). The isolate was
provisionally identified as Streptococcus lactis (Lister) LÖhnis (1909).
Identification 1: The morphological, cultural, Biochemical characteristics of
isolates SC 10 and SC17 were
compared with standard description of ‘Bergey’s Manual of Determinative
Bacteriology’-8th Ed. (Buchanan and Gibbons, 1974) and found closely
related with the genus Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus sp.
Fig. Streptococcus sp.
Fig. Sub
terminal spores
in Lactobacillus
sp.
7. Identification of Isolated
Pathogens
Sample
Total 20
MacConkey
agar
CLED agar Indole test MR
test
Citrate
utilization
Urease
test
Urine
3, 15, 17,
20
Pinkish translucent
colonies
Pale yellow
colonies
- - + +
Sample
Total 20
Indole Methyl red Catalase Carbohydrate fermentation
Glucose Lactose Sucrose
Urine
5, 10, 12
+ve +ve +ve +ve +ve +ve
Identification: Cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolate A17c was
compared with the standard description given in Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology - 8th
ed. (Buchanan and Gibbons, 1974) and 9th ed. (Holt et al., 1984) and it was found closely related with
the genus Klebsiella (described by Schroeter 1886). The isolate was provisionally identified as
Klebsiella pneumoni. (Trevisan 1887).
Identification: The morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics of isolate A10c was
compared with standard description of ‘Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology’-8th Ed.
(Buchanan and Gibbons, 1974) and found closely related with the genus Escherichia . The isolate
was provisionally identified as Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli described by Escherich et al., in
1885.
8. In vitro Analysis and
Comparative Studies
Fig: In Muller-Hinton agar the effect of
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis aquous extract
( by well diffusion method) against E.
coli.
Fig: In Muller-Hinton agar the effect of
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis methanol and
petroleum ether extract ( by well diffusion
method)against E. coli.
Samples
(autoclaved three
times and mix with
MacConkey medium.)
Control
(MacConkey
Agar plate)
Centralized
MacConkey agar
Peripheral
Nutrient agar
Inference
(Heat labile toxin of
probiotics
antagonists itself)
E. coli - + + No
Curd - - + Yes
Klebsiella sp. - + + No
A. Control, no growth
of Probiotics.
B. Curd Probiotics acts
Antagonistic growth on toxins
itself.
Phytochemical Extract
Showed better Antagonistic Effect
Than Curd Probiotics against Pathogen.
9. Significance of Research
Test
microorganism
Zone of inhibition
(mm)
Escherichia coli Aqueous 15mm
Methanol 25mm
Petroleum ether
3mm
Phytochemical Extract
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 2 3 4 5 6
Probio+ Klebsiella
colonies
Probio colonies
◊ Probiotics toxin antagonistic against itself,
but k toxin of Klebsiella sp. non
antagonist by itself to it. So it is
impossible to develop killed vaccine
from this pathogen.
◊ Gram-positive spore forming probiotic has
no antagonistic effect on Gram negative
pathogen.
Fig. Anti microbial susceptibility test
of curd and contaminated
Klebsiella sp. samples. (Graphical view)
Draw Back
1. Non experimented by Molecular application
2. Study based on Applied Microbiology
3. Non implemented for high automated machine
reading
4. Phytochemical studies based on manual protocols.
10. Conclusions
• The plant extracts were assayed for phytochemical screening and
antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.
• All the extracts showed effect against the isolated bacteria of all the
extracts. Methanol extracts was most effective for its antibacterial
activity against E. coli compared to aqueous and petroleum ether
extracts where as Klebsiella sp. non antagonist and non resist against
food probiotics and its toxins.
• Here researcher on his conclusive view, stands for excessive doses of
probiotics along with antibiotics causes death of probio and produced
toxin itself against normal gut flora resulting antagonistic action.
Respective doctors and Practitioner carry out their treatment against
urinary tract pathogen along with probiotics supplements. Here
researcher conclusion is for comparative analyzed between
phytochemicals and food probiotics, to asses for medicinal residues by
in vitro studies.
11. REFERENCE
1. Bansal S, Bharatiand AJ, and Bansal YK. (2012) Efficient In-vitro Regeneration of a Medicinal
Plant Harsinghar (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn.). Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 22(2):137-142.
2. Bhadouria RS, Bhargava S, and Pancholi SS. (2012) Isolation and characterization of two
alkaloids from the ethanolic extract of nyctanthes arbor-tristis linn. Leaves. Advance. Res. Pharma. &
Biolog; 2(4):342-344.
3. Champa Shandhar HK, and Kaur M. (2015) An update on Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Journal
of Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia, P (1) :77-86.
4. Ogura Y, et al. (2001) experimented frame shift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to
Crohn’s disease. Nature; P (411) :603–6.
5. Schultz M, Linde HJ, Lehn N, et al. (2003) studied on immune stimulatory consequences of oral
administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain (GG) in healthy volunteers. J Dairy Res; P (70)
:165–73.
6. Saikali et al. (2004) described preliminary observations on effect of Lactobacillus sporogenes on
serum lipid levels in hyper cholesterol patients. Indian J Med Res; P (92):431-432.
13. Sincerest Acknowledge to:
DR. Diganta Narzary, Associate Professor, Gauhati University, India.
DR. Niraj Agarwala, Assistant Professor, Gauhati University, India.
Dr. P. C. Sarma, Principal, Allied Health Sciences. Assam down town University
Dr. Moni. P. Bhuiyan, Medical Microbiologist, SRL Diagnostic, Assam, India.
The End
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