1. The document discusses key concepts related to gender including how gender is a social construct that varies by culture and time, as well as concepts like gender awareness, sensitivity, equality, and discrimination. 2. It describes the roles of women in pre-Hispanic Philippines, noting they had many rights and men showed them respect, as well as the role of babaylan as empowered priestesses. 3. The arrival of Spanish colonizers led to oppression of women and the imposition of patriarchal values that reduced women's roles, though some fought for social justice including through the Katipunan movement for independence.

1. Elise Angela H. Espinosa
2013 – 14769
Histo 4 Reviewer Based on the Guidelines
(lol I Google-d most of the stuff here so yuuuhhh)
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS:
1. Gender
- idea brought about by the society
- changes over time
2. Social Construct
- social construction of gender
- society and culture create gender roles
3. Gender Awareness
- ability to view society from the perspective
of gender roles and how this has affected
women’s needs in comparison to the needs of
men.
4. Gender Sensitivity
- to increase people’s sensitivity (LOL DUH)
to the implications of gender inequality and
demanding that problems of gender
discrimination be identified and overcome in
policies and programs
5. Gender Fairness
- fairness in all aspects
- has to be applied all the time
- “third sex”: does not show gender fairness
6. Gender Equality
- long-term goal
- absence of discrimination based on sex
7. Sexism
- gender discrimination
8. Misogyny
- hatred or dislike of women
9. Social Justice
- ability people have to realize their potential
in the society where they live
10. Human Rights
- you know it
GENDER CONCEPTS
1. Eastern
- help me heeeeere 
2. Western
- i think same to sa Medieval women lelz
- misogyny was accepted
- women brought trouble
- women were inferior to men
- Note: St Jerome
3. Religion
- babaylan
4. Indigenous
- HELP PLEASE
ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE PRE-HISPANIC PERIOD
- women had the right to everything
- men walked behind women as a sign of
respect
BABAYLAN AS AN EPITOME OF EMPOWERED
SOCIETY
- WARRIOR, HEALER, PRIESTESS, VISIONARY
- levels of empowerment (or walking the path
of the warrior, teacher, healer & visionary):
SELF  FAMILY  COMMUNITY  NATION 
GLOBAL  UNIVERSAL/COSMIC
- the babaylan knows very well that all things,
all people and all existences are connected
WOMEN DURING SPANISH PERIOD
- oppression of women

2. - kabaligtaran ng roles of women during the
pre-hispanic period
- patriarchy
- 3Ks: kama, kusina, kumbento
- separate schools for boys and girls
EFFECT OF COLONIALIZATION
- conversion to Roman Catholic (after Spanish
Col.)
- conversion to Protestantism (after American
Col.)
- objectification of women
- the 9 chuvachenes:
Cigarreras, Matronas Titulares, Maestras,
Criadas, Tenderas, Vandadoras, Costureras,
Bordadoreas, Mujeres Publicas
INSTITUTIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
DETERIORATION OF THE PLIGHT OF WOMEN
- i seriously don’t know
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE REVOLUTION IN THE
OVERALL QUEST FOR GENUINE SOCIAL JUSTICE
- women’s movement was kept alive in the
popular movements (mass movements; lol
wow puro movement aylayk 2 mubit mubit)
- different forms of women’s heroism were
manifested kewl
ROLES PLAYED BY WOMEN DURING THE
REVOLUTION
- Women’s chapter of the Katipunan
- they recruit others
- they served as couriers
- Josefa Rizal: joined the Katipunan;
women’s chapter PRESIDENT
- Gregoria de Jesus: Bonifacio’s wife;
founder and vice-president of the
women’s chapter of Katipunan;
codename “Lakambini”; very active
member of Katipunan (wow go gurlll
brave)
- Angelica Lopez: one of the sewers of
the Phil. Flag along with Delfina
Herbosa (both were nieces of Rizal)
- Marina Dizon: Emilio Jacinto’s
cousin; kalihim (secretary) of the
women’s chapter; naghikayat siya ng
iba pang babae sa Katipunan
- Katipunan women in general: safeguarded
the secret papers and documents, danced and
sang during events so that the civil guards
would not think suspicious thoughts
regarding the social gathering
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS OF WOMEN –
TURNING POINT IN OUR HISTORY
- nauso ang kagandahan nung
pinanganak ako jowkzzz onleh ayoko
na sabog na ako gets niyo na to
#lovelovelove