The hip joint is a ball and socket synovial joint that allows for multiaxial movement. It has a spherical femoral head that fits into the acetabulum of the pelvis. Strong ligaments like the iliofemoral ligament provide stability, while a fibrous capsule and labrum surround and deepen the socket. Blood is supplied by arteries around the joint and nerves are provided by branches of the femoral, obturator, and superior gluteal nerves. Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation allow for a wide range of motion.

1. HIP JOINT

2. ▪ Introduction
▪ Articular surface
▪ Ligaments
▪ Blood supply
▪ Nerve supply
▪ Movements

3. INTRODUCTION
• It is a Ball and Socket variety of synovial joint.
• Multiaxial
• It is a high mobility with high stability joint.

4. ARTICULAR SURFACE
Head of Femur Acetabulum
• more than half of a sphere horse shoe shape lunate
• covered by hyaline cartilage surface covered by
hyaline cartilage
• EXCEPT at fovea capitis Deep notch with
narrow mouth acetabular
fossa

5. LIGAMENTS
Fibrous capsule:
• Attachment-
On hip bone :- to the acetabular labrum and to bone
above and behind the acetabulum.
On femur:- to the intertrochanteric line in front and 1 cm
medial to intertrochanteric crest behind.
• Thick anterosuperiorly part subjected to max tension.
• Thin and loosely attach posteroinferiorly.
• Two types of fibre
Outer longitudinal-many of reflected to neck of
femur known as Retinacula(contain blood vessels)
Inner circular known as Zona orbicularis.

6. ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
●Inverted Y shaped triangular ligament
●Ligament of BIGELOW
●Strongest ligament of body
●Apex- lower half of ASIS
●Base- intertrochanteric line
●The upper and lower fibers are thick strong band
while the middle fibers are tgin and weak.

7. PUBOFEMOARAL
LIGAMENT
• Support the joint inferomedially
• Triangular in shape
• Superiorly it is attached to the ilio pubic eminence,
obturator crest.
• Inferiorly it merges with the anteroinferior part of
capsule and lower band of iliofemoral ligament.

8. ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
• Comparitively weak and covers the joint posteriorly
• Fibers are twisted and extended from ischium
posteroinferiorly to the acetabulum and the few
fibers to the greater trochanter.

9. LIGAMENT OF HEAD OF FEMUR
• ROUND LIGAMENT or LIGAMENTUM TERES
• Flat, triangular ligament
• Apex – at fovea capitis
• Base – at transverse ligament and margins of
acetabular notch
• Transmits arteries to the head of femur

10. ACETABULAR LABRUM
• Cotyloid ligament
• Fibrocartilagenous rim attached to the margins of acetabulum
• Narrows the mouth of acetabulum which helps in holding the head of femur
in position

11. TRANSVERSE LIGAMNET OF ACETABULUM
• A part of the labrum which bridges the
acetabular notch but it has to cartilage cells
• The notch thus converted into a foramen
transmits vessels and nerves to the joint

12. SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
• Lines the fibrous capsule
• Intra capsular portion of neck of femur
• Both surface of acetabular labrum
• Transverse ligament
• Fat in acetabular fossa
• Round ligament of head of femur

13. BLOOD SUPPLY
• Obturator artery
• Two circumflex femoral artery
• Two gluteal arteries
• Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
form an arterial circle around the capsular attachment
on the neck of femur
• Retiocular arteries arise from the circle and supply
the intracapsular neck and greater part of the head of femur
• A small part of the head near the fovea capitis is supplied by
acetabular branch of obturator and medial circumflex femoral
arteries

15. NERVE SUPPLY
Hip joint is supplied by:
1. The femoral nerve through the nerves to
rectus femoris
2. Anterior division of obturator nerve
3. Accessory obturator nerve
4. Nerve to quadratus femoris
5. The superior gluteal nerve

16. MOVEMENTS
• Flexion and extension occur around a transverse axis
• Adduction and abduction occurs around anteroposterior axis
• Medial and lateral rotation occurs around a vertical axis
• Circumduction is a combination of forgoing movement