The document provides an overview of the Himalayas, detailing basic facts, geological origins, features, and classifications of its ranges, including the Great, Middle, and Lesser Himalayas. It discusses the complex tectonic processes, physical characteristics, and notable peaks like Mt. Everest, along with regional issues such as deforestation and floods. Additionally, it acknowledges contributions from Dr. Manojkumar P. Devne and offers contact information.

1. THE
HIMALAYAS
Acknowledgements :
Dr. Manojkumar P. Devne, S.P.College Pune - 30

2. The Himalayas : Basic Facts
 Called Himadri, Himvan, Himanchal
 Central Axial Range : 22 degrees of Longitude.
 Total Distance : 2400 Km
 Total Area : 5 lakh sq km
 Central Pivot : Pamir Plateau
 Southern Boundary : 300 m contour
 Northern Boundary : Obscure & merges with
edge ofTibetean Plateau
 Peaks : 8000(14), 7500(20), 7300(94) 6000(NC)

4. Features
 High Altitude
 SteepGradient
 Deeply DissectedTopography
 Complex Geological Structure
 Snow capped summits
 RichTemperate Flora in Sub-tropical latitude

5. topography

6. Origin
 Upliftment in Phases
 Great Geosyncline – Sea ofTethys
 Squeezed folds between Gondwana and
Angaraland
 Convex shape towards south (due o push of
Aravalis and Assom ranges)
 Multiple ranges due to a long phase of pushing
 3 phases : 120 mybp – Great Himalayas
25 to 30 mybp – Middle Himalayas
2 to 20 mybp - Shiwaliks

8. Evidences
 Late Cretaceous to-Date
 Avg. Ht 1mybp – 2410 m
Now - 3050
 Earthquake Occurrences
Isostatic Equilibrium
 Fossils alongTibetian Plateau and Shiwaliks
are similar (similar climate)
 Youthful Himalayan rivers in Rejuvenation
(Terraces along Banks)

10. Building
Process
-PlateTectonics
-Process still going on
-One more fracture has
appeared in the outer
fringes of the Shiwaliks
-JCB – operating from
opposite directions

12. Division of Himalayas
REGIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL
GEOLOGICAL

13. The Himalayan Ranges
 Series of parallel
ranges
 Intermediate deep
valleys
 ‘Hogback’ appearance
 Abrupt rise in Oudh
and Bengal
 Western Himalayas
Gradual

14. Variation in cover

15. Shiwaliks
 Outermost range
 2400 km long (Potwar Plateau to Bramhaputra valley)
 Width 50km(H.P.) 15km (A.P.)
 Avg. Height – 600 to 1500m
 Mid-Miocene to Lower Pleistocene (sands, gravels,
conglomerate)
 Jammu, Dhang, Dundhwa,Churia Ghat,
Dafla, Miri, Mishmi, Abor
 The ‘Doons/Duns’
 ‘Chos’
Western
Eastern

17. Middle Himalayas
 Lesser Himalayas/Himanchal
 Width 60-80 km
 Average elevation 3500-4500m
 Pir Panjal, Dhola Dhar, Mussoorie, NagTibba,
Mahabharat Lekh
 KashmirValley (40km wide, 135 km long, 1600m
elevation, 5000 sq km)
 Shimla, Nainital, Ranikhet,Almora, Mussoorie,
Darjeeling
 Less hostile and friendly for
Human contact

20. Great Himalayas
 Inner Himalayas, Central Himalayas
 Width 25 km
 Avg. Elevation 6100 m
 Nanga Parbat- Namcha Barva
 Mt. Everest 8850 m, 5th March 2005 (Sir George
Everest,1841,1852, Peak XV, 1865)
 Sagarmatha, Chomlungna, Qomolangma
 Passes : Buezila, Zojila (J &K), Bara lachla
Shipkila (HP),Thangla, Nitila (UK), Nathula,
Jhelepla(Sikkim)

21. Zoji la

23. Trans Himalayas -
 Tibetian Himalayas
 Length 1000 km,
 Avg. Elevation 3000 m
 Zaskar, Ladakh, Kailas (Gangdise), Karakoram
(Krishnagiri)
 K (Godwin Austin), Gasherbrum I & II, Broad Peak
 Ladakh Plateau (plains – Soda, Aksai Chin,
Depsang)
2

24. Glacial Boulders

28. The Purvanchal
 Beyond Dihang
 Arunachal Pradesh to Mizoram
 Patkai Bum, Naga Hills, Manipur Hills, Mizo
Hills
 Blue Mountain (2157m)
 Dense forests, rough terrain,
swift streams.

30. Bhutan

31. Sikkim

32. International Boundaries of India are distorted

33. Contemporary Issues
 Unsustainable resource generation
 Deforestation
 Soil Erosion
 Floods
 River Course shifting
 TheThird Pole
 Geo-politics

37. Kashmir

39. THE
HIMALAYAS
Acknowledgements :
Dr. Manojkumar P. Devne, S.P.College Pune – 30
manojdevne10@hotmail.com, mob-9422353525
Thank
You