This presentation is on the Himalayas mountain range. It includes its beauty, its wonder, its wildlife, its people, its greatness, everything within it is beautiful. I love the Himalayas. This was my first ever non-technical presentation.

1. A Presentation on
THE HIMALAYAS
The Breathtaking Beauty
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Presented by: - Guided by: -
Utsav Patel (ID…………) ………………………
From: - ………………………
……………………………………… ………………………

2. FORMATION OF HIMALAYAS
 Began 71 million years ago.
 Indo-Australian Plate was moving at
about 15 cm per year towards Eurasian
Plate.
 Collision between the Indian Plate and
Eurasian Plate began 50 million years
ago.
 Geologically active:
 Collision between two plates
continues today leads to the
Himalayas rising by about 5 mm per
year.

3. GEOLOGY OF HIMALAYAS
 Result of this collision:
 Tibetan Plateau
 Himalaya range
 Karakoram Range (K2)
 Also, Arakan Yoma highlands in
Myanmar and the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands in Bay of Bengal.
 Tibetan Plateau covering the most of the
Tibet, as well as part of Ladakh in Jammu
& Kashmir. Its average elevation is 4500
meters.
 Himalaya range separate the Indian
Subcontinent from Tibetan Plateau.

4. THE HIMALAYA RANGE
 Himalaya range spread across five
countries: Nepal, India, Bhutan, China
and Pakistan.
 Himalaya range stretch uninterruptedly
for about 2500 km from west to east
between Nanga Parbat peak, in the
Pakistani-administered portion of the
Kashmir region, and Namcha Barwa
peak, in the Tibet Autonomous Region of
China.
 The width of the Himalayas from south to
north varies between 200 to 400 km.
Their total area amounts to about 595,000
square km.

5. HIMALAYAS REGIONS
 India, Nepal, and Bhutan have
sovereignty over most of the Himalayas,
but Pakistan and China have some part of
Himalayas in the Disputed Kashmir
Region.
 The Himalayas are inhibited by 52.7
million people.
 Some of the world’s major rivers, the
Indus, the Ganges and the Tsangpo-
Brahmaputra, rise in the Himalayas, and
their combined drainage basin is home to
roughly 600 million people.

6. HIMALAYAS PEAKS
 The Himalayas include the highest
mountains in the world, with more than
110 peaks rising to elevations of 7,300
meters or more above sea level.
 The Himalayas is home to 10 out of 14 of
the world’s highest peaks, the Eight-
thousanders (8000 meters peaks). Also, 9
out of the 10 Himalayas 8000m peaks are
Ultra prominent peaks (Ultras).
 Mount Everest and Nanga Parbat are the
only two peaks on the earth that rank in
the top twenty of both highest mountains
in the world and the most prominent
peaks in the world.

7. LIST OF 8-THOUSANDS OF HIMALAYAS
Global Rank Peak Name Elevation (m) Prominence (m) Country
1 Mount Everest 8848 8848 Nepal-China
3 Kanchenjunga 8586 3922 Nepal-India
4 Lhtose 8516 610 Nepal-China
5 Makalu 8485 2378 Nepal-China
6 Cho Oyu 8188 2340 Nepal-China
7 Dhaulagiri I 8167 3357 Nepal
8 Manaslu 8163 3092 Nepal
9 Nanga Parbat 8126 4608 Pakistan
10 Annapurna I 8091 2984 Nepal
11 Shishapangma 8027 2897 China

8. HYDROLOGY OF HIMALAYAS
 The Himalayas is the birthplace of many
rivers (19 rivers approx.). The major
Himalayas rivers are Indus, Ganges,
Yamuna, Brahmaputra and Sutlej.
 The rivers of Himalayas drain into two
large river systems:
 The western rivers combine into the
Indus Basin.
 The other Himalayas rivers drain into
Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin.
 Glaciers in the Himalayas plays an
important role in feeding rivers. For
example; Baltoro, Khumbu, etc.

9. CLIMATE EFFECTS OF HIMALAYA
 Location determine climate variation.
 In the month of May, at an elevation of 5,000 meters in the neighborhood of Mount
Everest, the minimum temperature is about −8 °C; at 6,000 meters it falls to −22 °C and
in areas sheltered from strong winds that often blow at more than 160 km per hour, it
falls to −29 °C.
 By virtue of its location and stupendous height, the Great Himalaya Range obstructs the
passage of cold continental air from the north into India in winter and also forces the
southwesterly monsoon winds to give up most of their moisture before crossing the
range northward.
 The result is heavy precipitation on the Indian side but arid conditions in Tibet.

10. PLANT LIFE OF HIMALAYAS
 Numbers of tree species:
 Different species of dipterocarps (a
group of timber and resin producing
trees)
 Genus Alnus
 Pinus roxburghii (Longleaf Indian
Pine)
 Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea)
 Ficus racemose
 Besides those trees, some 4,000
species of flowering plants are
estimated to occur in the eastern
Himalayas.
 Bauhinia Variegata (Candida)
 Michelia Doltsopa

11. ANIMAL LIFE OF EASTERN HIMALAYAS
 There are 163 globally threatened species
found in the Himalayas, including Asia’s
three largest herbivores – Asian elephant,
greater one-horned rhinoceros and wild
water buffalo – and its largest carnivore,
the tiger.
 Himalayas home to:
 300 mammals
 977 birds
 176 reptiles
 105 amphibians
 269 freshwater fishes
 The mountains offer refuge for red
pandas, golden langurs and takins. This is
the only known location in the world
where Bengal tigers and snow leopards
share habitat.

12. ANIMAL LIFE OF WESTERN HIMALAYAS
 At high altitude, the elusive and
endangered snow leopard is the main
predator.
 The Himalayan musk deer is also founded
at high altitude. Hunted for its musk, it is
now rare and endangered.
 Other animals such as Asian black bears,
langurs, Himalayas tahr, Tibetan yaks,
brown bears, lesser pandas, also live
there.
 Bearded vulture and Ganges river dolphin
also can be seen.

13. CULTURE AND RELIGIONS OF HIMALAYAS
 There are four different migrating cultures: Hindu (Indian), Buddhist (Tibetan), Islamic
(Afghanistan-Iran), Animist (Myanmar) – without any doubt have created their own
individual and unique place.
 For the Hindus, the Himalayas are personified as Himavath, the father of the goddess
Parvati and also as the father of the river Ganges. Lord Shiva is believed to live in
Kailash peak.
 The Buddhists also lay a great deal of importance on the mountains of the Himalayas.
Paro Taktsang is the holy place where Buddhism started in Bhutan. Bhutan, Sikkim and
Ladakh have numerous monasteries such as in Tibet.
 The Himalayan people’s diversity shows in many different ways. It shows through their
architecture, their languages and dialects, their beliefs and rituals, as well as their
clothing.

14. PEOPLE OF HIMALAYAS

15. SOME INTERESTING PLACES
 Ladakh’s Pangong Tso Lake (Blue Lake)
 Ladakh’s Colorful Mountains
 Taktsang Monastery (Tiger’s Nest)

16.  REFERENCES: -
 http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_the_Himalaya
 https://www.britannica.com/place/Himalayas
 https://www.himalayanwonders.com/blog/weather-climate-himalayas.html
 https://asiasociety.org/new-york/exhibitions/rivers-ice-vanishing-glaciers-
greater-himalaya
 https://www.lifestyle.com.au/plant-guide/himalayan-plants.aspx
 https://www.worldwildlife.org/places/eastern-himalayas
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas

17. THANK YOU