To view this webinar:
http://ecast.opensystemsmedia.com/320
Suppliers of C4I, C2, Cyber, ISR and sensor and weapons platforms are challenged to meet commercial pressure from defense procurement for more capability at lower cost, and from acquisition officials for increasing interoperability across their combat systems in order to be able to enable new system capability through Information Dominance (ID).
RTI will present an architecture and its Connext solution, designed to meet these twin imperatives. Built upon proven open technology, Connext is a foundational system architecture that delivers significant productivity gains in integration, while also enabling discovery and rapid assimilation of existing system entities, potentially from 3rd party suppliers or already deployed in the field of operation.
Given the unique requirements of tactical system-of-systems, the architecture must support both real-time combat systems as well as brigade and command HQ enterprise style systems, bringing them together in a scalable, dynamic, and flexible framework. Connext addresses the performance and scale impedance mismatch between these disparate systems types, and delivers the ability to develop a common infrastructure that runs over DIL (Disconnected Intermittent Loss) communications as well as it does over Ethernet, putting minimal strain on the communications interfaces and maximizing information exchange.
The Connext foundation is in use in over 400 defense programs globally with over 350,000 licensed deployments. It has been approved by the US DoD to TRL9 (Technology Readiness Level).
The document discusses key concepts in network management including network analysis, architecture, design, and requirements analysis. It defines important terms like mission-critical networks, bandwidth, network services, quality of service, and performance characteristics. The document also covers topics like systems methodology, identifying system components, and factors that affect network architecture/design decisions. Overall, the document provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and processes involved in network management.
Watch on-demand here:
http://ecast.opensystemsmedia.com/339
Distributed systems work by sending information between otherwise independent applications. Traditionally, that communication is done by passing messages between the various nodes. This "message-centric" approach takes many forms, from simple direct transmissions to more complex message queue and transactional systems. All have a common premise: the unit of information exchange is the message itself. The infrastructure's role is to ensure that messages get to their intended recipients.
Recently, another paradigm is becoming popular. In this approach, the distributed infrastructure takes more responsibility; it offers to the distributed system a single version of "truth." The fundamental unit of communication is a data-object value; the infrastructure has done its job not when a message is delivered, but when all nodes have the correct understanding of that value. Because the focus is on the data itself, this is termed "data-centric" infrastructure.
While both types of middleware serve to connect distributed systems, the approaches are quite different. And the single most important decision you make when designing your distributed system – whether to go with the message-centric or data-centric approach – will result in different system capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses. In this webinar, we will examine both, discuss the differences and clarify which application use cases are best served by data- and message-centric designs.
This document discusses physical infrastructure designs to support logical network architectures in data centers. It examines Top of Rack (ToR) and End of Row (EoR) access models. ToR uses an access switch in each cabinet, requiring connections for each server. EoR uses chassis switches in the row middle, connecting cabinets within cable length limits. Designs must map logical networks to physical cable routing and manage connectivity growth.
The real time publisher subscriber inter-process communication model for dist...yancha1973
1) The document proposes a real-time publisher/subscriber model for inter-process communication in distributed real-time systems.
2) In the model, processes publish and subscribe to messages using logical handles called distribution tags, without knowledge of senders/receivers.
3) An application programming interface is presented that allows processes to create/destroy tags, publish/receive messages, and query senders/receivers.
4) The model is fault-tolerant, supporting applications like clock synchronization across nodes and allowing processes to be upgraded online.
The document discusses the relational model of data for large shared data banks. It introduces the concept of n-ary relations and the universal data sublanguage as an alternative to tree-structured files or network models. The relational model provides independence between data representation and programs/queries by removing ordering, indexing, and access path dependencies from the user's data model. This allows changes to the internal data representation without affecting user activities.
session on pattern oriented software architectureSUJOY SETT
This document discusses various software architecture patterns. It begins by defining what a pattern is, including the common elements of context, problem, and solution. It then provides examples of patterns from non-software domains to illustrate the concept. The rest of the document categorizes and describes several common software architecture patterns, including layers, pipes and filters, blackboard, broker, model-view-controller, and microkernel. Each pattern description includes the context in which the pattern applies, the problem it addresses, and the core elements of the pattern's solution.
This document summarizes an Agile Model Development presentation by Daniel Leroux and Maneesh Goyal. The presentation introduced Agile modeling principles and how Maneesh's team applies them. Key points include:
1) The team prioritizes requirements and creates architecture models with active stakeholder participation to manage complexity and communicate effectively on a globally distributed project.
2) Agile modeling principles like requirements envisioning, prioritized requirements, and multiple lightweight models guide the team's process.
3) A demonstration showed how the team applies these principles with tools like Rational Requirements Composer.
Software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing software. It involves understanding the problem from different perspectives, identifying solutions, and describing solution abstractions using notations. The design must satisfy users and developers by being correct, complete, understandable, and maintainable. During the design process, specifications are transformed into design models describing data structures, architecture, interfaces, and components, which are reviewed before development.
The document discusses key concepts in network management including network analysis, architecture, design, and requirements analysis. It defines important terms like mission-critical networks, bandwidth, network services, quality of service, and performance characteristics. The document also covers topics like systems methodology, identifying system components, and factors that affect network architecture/design decisions. Overall, the document provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and processes involved in network management.
Watch on-demand here:
http://ecast.opensystemsmedia.com/339
Distributed systems work by sending information between otherwise independent applications. Traditionally, that communication is done by passing messages between the various nodes. This "message-centric" approach takes many forms, from simple direct transmissions to more complex message queue and transactional systems. All have a common premise: the unit of information exchange is the message itself. The infrastructure's role is to ensure that messages get to their intended recipients.
Recently, another paradigm is becoming popular. In this approach, the distributed infrastructure takes more responsibility; it offers to the distributed system a single version of "truth." The fundamental unit of communication is a data-object value; the infrastructure has done its job not when a message is delivered, but when all nodes have the correct understanding of that value. Because the focus is on the data itself, this is termed "data-centric" infrastructure.
While both types of middleware serve to connect distributed systems, the approaches are quite different. And the single most important decision you make when designing your distributed system – whether to go with the message-centric or data-centric approach – will result in different system capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses. In this webinar, we will examine both, discuss the differences and clarify which application use cases are best served by data- and message-centric designs.
This document discusses physical infrastructure designs to support logical network architectures in data centers. It examines Top of Rack (ToR) and End of Row (EoR) access models. ToR uses an access switch in each cabinet, requiring connections for each server. EoR uses chassis switches in the row middle, connecting cabinets within cable length limits. Designs must map logical networks to physical cable routing and manage connectivity growth.
The real time publisher subscriber inter-process communication model for dist...yancha1973
1) The document proposes a real-time publisher/subscriber model for inter-process communication in distributed real-time systems.
2) In the model, processes publish and subscribe to messages using logical handles called distribution tags, without knowledge of senders/receivers.
3) An application programming interface is presented that allows processes to create/destroy tags, publish/receive messages, and query senders/receivers.
4) The model is fault-tolerant, supporting applications like clock synchronization across nodes and allowing processes to be upgraded online.
The document discusses the relational model of data for large shared data banks. It introduces the concept of n-ary relations and the universal data sublanguage as an alternative to tree-structured files or network models. The relational model provides independence between data representation and programs/queries by removing ordering, indexing, and access path dependencies from the user's data model. This allows changes to the internal data representation without affecting user activities.
session on pattern oriented software architectureSUJOY SETT
This document discusses various software architecture patterns. It begins by defining what a pattern is, including the common elements of context, problem, and solution. It then provides examples of patterns from non-software domains to illustrate the concept. The rest of the document categorizes and describes several common software architecture patterns, including layers, pipes and filters, blackboard, broker, model-view-controller, and microkernel. Each pattern description includes the context in which the pattern applies, the problem it addresses, and the core elements of the pattern's solution.
This document summarizes an Agile Model Development presentation by Daniel Leroux and Maneesh Goyal. The presentation introduced Agile modeling principles and how Maneesh's team applies them. Key points include:
1) The team prioritizes requirements and creates architecture models with active stakeholder participation to manage complexity and communicate effectively on a globally distributed project.
2) Agile modeling principles like requirements envisioning, prioritized requirements, and multiple lightweight models guide the team's process.
3) A demonstration showed how the team applies these principles with tools like Rational Requirements Composer.
Software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing software. It involves understanding the problem from different perspectives, identifying solutions, and describing solution abstractions using notations. The design must satisfy users and developers by being correct, complete, understandable, and maintainable. During the design process, specifications are transformed into design models describing data structures, architecture, interfaces, and components, which are reviewed before development.
This workshop focuses on domain driven design and how to achieve it effectively. It also focus on bridging gaps while gathering requirements from business stakeholders using event storming workshops.
The document discusses key aspects of the software design process including that design is iterative and represented at a high level of abstraction, guidelines for quality design include modularity, information hiding, and functional independence, and architectural design defines system context and archetypes that compose the system.
The document discusses the design phase of the system development life cycle. It explains that the design phase involves planning how the software specifications will be implemented. Key aspects of design discussed include structured analysis and design, data flow diagrams, synchronous and asynchronous operations, and design characteristics like correctness, understandability, efficiency and maintainability. The document also covers important design concepts like modularity, abstraction, coupling and cohesion which help to partition problems and create independent, understandable and maintainable modules. It provides examples to illustrate concepts like hierarchical decomposition, fan-in and fan-out, and different types of coupling and cohesion.
A survey on cost effective survivable network design in wireless access networkijcses
In today’s technology, the essential property for wireless communication network is to exhibit as a
dependable network. The dependability network incorporates the property like availability, reliability and
survivability. Although these factors are well taken care by protocol for wired network, still there exists
huge lack of efficacy for wireless network. Further, the wireless access network is more complicated with
difficulties like frequencies allocation, quality of services, user requests. Adding to it, the wireless access
network is severely vulnerable to link and node failures. Therefore, the survivability in wireless access
network is very important factor to be considered will performing wireless network designing. This paper
focuses on discussion of survivability in wireless access network. Capability of a wireless access network to
perform its dedicated accessibility services even in case of infrastructure failure is known as survivability.
Given available capacity, connectivity and reliability the survivable problem in hierarchical network is to
minimize the overall connection cost for multiple requests. The various failure scenario of wireless access
network as existing in literature is been explored. The existing survivability models for access network like
shared link, multi homing, overlay network, sonnet ring, and multimodal devices are discussed in detail
here. Further comparison between various existing survivability solutions is also tabulated.
[HCII2011] Performance Visualization for Large Scale Computing System - A Lit...Qin Gao
This document reviews performance visualization techniques for large-scale computing systems. It begins by discussing the need for performance monitoring and visualization tools to handle the immense volume and complexity of performance data from exascale systems. The document then describes the general approach to performance visualization, including instrumentation, measurement, data analysis, and visual mapping. It reviews different categories of visualization techniques, from simple statistical charts and timelines to more complex composed and interactive structures. The goal is to aid in understanding program execution dynamics on extreme-scale systems through effective visual representation and human interaction with performance data.
This document discusses a proposed light-weight authentication system and resource monitoring using a multi-agent system (MAS). It proposes using mobile agents for key distribution and management to authenticate users, which would provide benefits over existing methods like Kerberos that require high computation. The system would use three types of agents: registration agents to issue public/private key pairs, validation agents to authenticate users, and certificate authority agents to issue session keys for secure communication. This distributed MAS approach aims to provide faster authentication with high availability compared to existing centralized approaches. The proposed solution is implemented using the SPADE MAS framework and XMPP protocol.
Overcoming Cost Intransparency of Cloud ComputingNane Kratzke
Presentation hold during Cloud Computing Conference 2011 in Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands 2011. This is presentation is about missing cost estimation models in cloud computing and presents firsts considerations how to overcome this.
Cp7101 design and management of computer networks-design conceptsDr Geetha Mohan
This document discusses network design concepts and products. It describes three orders of network design products - first, second, and third-order - which provide increasing levels of detail about network devices, locations, configurations and connectivity. Key network design products include network blueprints, a component plan, vendor selections, traceability, and metrics. The design process involves evaluating vendors and laying out the network topology. Architecture products document design decisions while analysis products identify requirements and problems.
5 IT Trends That Reduce Cost And Improve Web Performance - A Forrester and Go...Compuware APM
Virtualization, Cloud Computing and Outsourcing promise significant cost savings and enhanced business agility. Implemented correctly these initiatives can cut hardware and software costs, improve web application performance and quality, and positively impact business results. Learn how these 5 key business and technology trends are enabling companies to reduce costs AND ensure web application performance:
1. Virtualization
2. Outsourced Hosting & Management of Applications
3. Cloud Computing
4. Real-user Monitoring
5. ‘SaaS’ification of IT Management Software
Shasank Kumar Jain has over 6 years of experience in managing IT infrastructure projects. He has expertise in data center operations, migrations, and security. He has worked on projects in India, Japan, and Hong Kong for companies like Tata Consultancy Services, Goldman Sachs, and Nielsen. His roles have included infrastructure support lead, data center technical support engineer, and resident engineer.
Distributed systems have several architectures including client-server, distributed objects, peer-to-peer, and service-oriented. Client-server divides systems into clients that request services and servers that provide services. Distributed object architectures treat all entities as objects that provide and use services. Peer-to-peer systems are decentralized with no clients or servers, while service-oriented systems are built by linking services from different providers. Middleware like CORBA supports communication between distributed components.
Client server computing in mobile environmentsPraveen Joshi
Client server computing in mobile environments. Versatile, Message based, Modular Infrastructure intended to improve usability, flexibility, interoperability and scalability as compared to Centralized, Mainframe, time sharing computing.
Intended to reduce Network Traffic.
Communication is using RPC or SQL
This document discusses various architectural styles including data-centered, data-flow, call and return, layered, and client-server architectures. It explains how to map a data flow diagram (DFD) showing transform or transaction flows to a call and return architecture. Examples are provided of mapping transform and transaction flows from DFDs to the corresponding call and return architecture. Homework tasks are assigned to map DFDs for course registration and temperature monitoring systems to a call and return architecture.
Paula Lawson has over 13 years of experience in customer support roles, most recently as a customer support technician at BJC Health Care. She has strong communication, organizational, and problem-solving skills. Lawson has experience supervising support teams and coordinating projects. Prior to her current role, she worked as a data analyst, business analyst, and systems analyst for Anheuser-Busch and Pinnacle Entertainment.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in data warehousing architecture. It discusses how a data warehouse is an architecture, not a product, and describes some of the core components of a data warehouse system architecture including databases, applications, connectivity, interfaces, and time-series data. It emphasizes that the data warehouse architecture aligns dimensions like customers, products, time and location with the business. The document also discusses concepts like star schemas, metadata, aggregation, OLAP, and how a data warehouse supports strategic business goals like brand development and cross-selling.
This presentation is about a lecture I gave within the "Software systems and services" immigration course at the Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila (Italy): http://cs.gssi.infn.it/.
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
This document proposes using intelligent software agents to improve data searching in contact centers with distributed databases. It describes a multi-agent system developed using the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) that employs mobile agents to search multiple distributed databases. The system is evaluated using a case study that simulates a searching agent cloning itself to search three databases in parallel. The results show the proposed agent-based approach can retrieve results faster than a non-distributed search.
This document provides an outline for a lecture on software design and architecture. It discusses key concepts like classes and objects, visibility, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and design patterns. The document also includes disclaimers about the source of the material and its intended educational use.
A NURBS-optimized dRRM solution in a mono-channel condition for IEEE 802.11 e...IJECEIAES
This document describes a NURBS-optimized dynamic radio resource management (dRRM) solution for IEEE 802.11 enterprise WLAN networks called N-WLCx. The authors present their original dRRM solution called WLCx, which uses a novel per-beam coverage representation approach. To reduce the high processing time of WLCx, they developed an optimization based on NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline) surfaces. Simulation results show N-WLCx achieves a 92.58% reduction in processing time compared to the basic WLCx solution. The authors conclude N-WLCx optimization could be extended to enhance other vendors' and researchers' RRM solutions for improved efficiency
This document discusses the importance of following a formal network design process. It outlines the typical phases of such a process, with a focus on requirements gathering. Requirements gathering is described as the most crucial phase, as it provides the target for the network design. Good requirements are user-centered, detailed, and specific. The deliverable of the requirements gathering phase is a Requirements Specification Document that formally documents the network needs.
The document summarizes a case study using systems engineering models to plan the Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) mission for NASA's Orion spacecraft. Key points:
- EFT-1 will test Orion capabilities before crewed flights, including separations, parachutes, attitude control during reentry, and water recovery.
- Systems engineering models were used to understand data and resource needs, flows, and access across distributed NASA/Lockheed Martin teams.
- Custom viewpoints were defined in SysML to address stakeholder questions and visualize mission elements like components, data exchanges, and interface requirements.
Interoperability for Intelligence Applications using Data-Centric MiddlewareGerardo Pardo-Castellote
Presentation at the May 2012 Intelligence Workshop held in Rome Italy.
Interoperability is key to reducing cost in the development and maintenance of applications that span multiple providers or must be supported over long periods of time. This presentation describes the role of network middleware technologies in such systems and how the use of a data-centric middleware, such as OMG DDS, makes developing such systems easier and more cost-effective.
This workshop focuses on domain driven design and how to achieve it effectively. It also focus on bridging gaps while gathering requirements from business stakeholders using event storming workshops.
The document discusses key aspects of the software design process including that design is iterative and represented at a high level of abstraction, guidelines for quality design include modularity, information hiding, and functional independence, and architectural design defines system context and archetypes that compose the system.
The document discusses the design phase of the system development life cycle. It explains that the design phase involves planning how the software specifications will be implemented. Key aspects of design discussed include structured analysis and design, data flow diagrams, synchronous and asynchronous operations, and design characteristics like correctness, understandability, efficiency and maintainability. The document also covers important design concepts like modularity, abstraction, coupling and cohesion which help to partition problems and create independent, understandable and maintainable modules. It provides examples to illustrate concepts like hierarchical decomposition, fan-in and fan-out, and different types of coupling and cohesion.
A survey on cost effective survivable network design in wireless access networkijcses
In today’s technology, the essential property for wireless communication network is to exhibit as a
dependable network. The dependability network incorporates the property like availability, reliability and
survivability. Although these factors are well taken care by protocol for wired network, still there exists
huge lack of efficacy for wireless network. Further, the wireless access network is more complicated with
difficulties like frequencies allocation, quality of services, user requests. Adding to it, the wireless access
network is severely vulnerable to link and node failures. Therefore, the survivability in wireless access
network is very important factor to be considered will performing wireless network designing. This paper
focuses on discussion of survivability in wireless access network. Capability of a wireless access network to
perform its dedicated accessibility services even in case of infrastructure failure is known as survivability.
Given available capacity, connectivity and reliability the survivable problem in hierarchical network is to
minimize the overall connection cost for multiple requests. The various failure scenario of wireless access
network as existing in literature is been explored. The existing survivability models for access network like
shared link, multi homing, overlay network, sonnet ring, and multimodal devices are discussed in detail
here. Further comparison between various existing survivability solutions is also tabulated.
[HCII2011] Performance Visualization for Large Scale Computing System - A Lit...Qin Gao
This document reviews performance visualization techniques for large-scale computing systems. It begins by discussing the need for performance monitoring and visualization tools to handle the immense volume and complexity of performance data from exascale systems. The document then describes the general approach to performance visualization, including instrumentation, measurement, data analysis, and visual mapping. It reviews different categories of visualization techniques, from simple statistical charts and timelines to more complex composed and interactive structures. The goal is to aid in understanding program execution dynamics on extreme-scale systems through effective visual representation and human interaction with performance data.
This document discusses a proposed light-weight authentication system and resource monitoring using a multi-agent system (MAS). It proposes using mobile agents for key distribution and management to authenticate users, which would provide benefits over existing methods like Kerberos that require high computation. The system would use three types of agents: registration agents to issue public/private key pairs, validation agents to authenticate users, and certificate authority agents to issue session keys for secure communication. This distributed MAS approach aims to provide faster authentication with high availability compared to existing centralized approaches. The proposed solution is implemented using the SPADE MAS framework and XMPP protocol.
Overcoming Cost Intransparency of Cloud ComputingNane Kratzke
Presentation hold during Cloud Computing Conference 2011 in Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands 2011. This is presentation is about missing cost estimation models in cloud computing and presents firsts considerations how to overcome this.
Cp7101 design and management of computer networks-design conceptsDr Geetha Mohan
This document discusses network design concepts and products. It describes three orders of network design products - first, second, and third-order - which provide increasing levels of detail about network devices, locations, configurations and connectivity. Key network design products include network blueprints, a component plan, vendor selections, traceability, and metrics. The design process involves evaluating vendors and laying out the network topology. Architecture products document design decisions while analysis products identify requirements and problems.
5 IT Trends That Reduce Cost And Improve Web Performance - A Forrester and Go...Compuware APM
Virtualization, Cloud Computing and Outsourcing promise significant cost savings and enhanced business agility. Implemented correctly these initiatives can cut hardware and software costs, improve web application performance and quality, and positively impact business results. Learn how these 5 key business and technology trends are enabling companies to reduce costs AND ensure web application performance:
1. Virtualization
2. Outsourced Hosting & Management of Applications
3. Cloud Computing
4. Real-user Monitoring
5. ‘SaaS’ification of IT Management Software
Shasank Kumar Jain has over 6 years of experience in managing IT infrastructure projects. He has expertise in data center operations, migrations, and security. He has worked on projects in India, Japan, and Hong Kong for companies like Tata Consultancy Services, Goldman Sachs, and Nielsen. His roles have included infrastructure support lead, data center technical support engineer, and resident engineer.
Distributed systems have several architectures including client-server, distributed objects, peer-to-peer, and service-oriented. Client-server divides systems into clients that request services and servers that provide services. Distributed object architectures treat all entities as objects that provide and use services. Peer-to-peer systems are decentralized with no clients or servers, while service-oriented systems are built by linking services from different providers. Middleware like CORBA supports communication between distributed components.
Client server computing in mobile environmentsPraveen Joshi
Client server computing in mobile environments. Versatile, Message based, Modular Infrastructure intended to improve usability, flexibility, interoperability and scalability as compared to Centralized, Mainframe, time sharing computing.
Intended to reduce Network Traffic.
Communication is using RPC or SQL
This document discusses various architectural styles including data-centered, data-flow, call and return, layered, and client-server architectures. It explains how to map a data flow diagram (DFD) showing transform or transaction flows to a call and return architecture. Examples are provided of mapping transform and transaction flows from DFDs to the corresponding call and return architecture. Homework tasks are assigned to map DFDs for course registration and temperature monitoring systems to a call and return architecture.
Paula Lawson has over 13 years of experience in customer support roles, most recently as a customer support technician at BJC Health Care. She has strong communication, organizational, and problem-solving skills. Lawson has experience supervising support teams and coordinating projects. Prior to her current role, she worked as a data analyst, business analyst, and systems analyst for Anheuser-Busch and Pinnacle Entertainment.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in data warehousing architecture. It discusses how a data warehouse is an architecture, not a product, and describes some of the core components of a data warehouse system architecture including databases, applications, connectivity, interfaces, and time-series data. It emphasizes that the data warehouse architecture aligns dimensions like customers, products, time and location with the business. The document also discusses concepts like star schemas, metadata, aggregation, OLAP, and how a data warehouse supports strategic business goals like brand development and cross-selling.
This presentation is about a lecture I gave within the "Software systems and services" immigration course at the Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila (Italy): http://cs.gssi.infn.it/.
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
This document proposes using intelligent software agents to improve data searching in contact centers with distributed databases. It describes a multi-agent system developed using the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) that employs mobile agents to search multiple distributed databases. The system is evaluated using a case study that simulates a searching agent cloning itself to search three databases in parallel. The results show the proposed agent-based approach can retrieve results faster than a non-distributed search.
This document provides an outline for a lecture on software design and architecture. It discusses key concepts like classes and objects, visibility, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and design patterns. The document also includes disclaimers about the source of the material and its intended educational use.
A NURBS-optimized dRRM solution in a mono-channel condition for IEEE 802.11 e...IJECEIAES
This document describes a NURBS-optimized dynamic radio resource management (dRRM) solution for IEEE 802.11 enterprise WLAN networks called N-WLCx. The authors present their original dRRM solution called WLCx, which uses a novel per-beam coverage representation approach. To reduce the high processing time of WLCx, they developed an optimization based on NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline) surfaces. Simulation results show N-WLCx achieves a 92.58% reduction in processing time compared to the basic WLCx solution. The authors conclude N-WLCx optimization could be extended to enhance other vendors' and researchers' RRM solutions for improved efficiency
This document discusses the importance of following a formal network design process. It outlines the typical phases of such a process, with a focus on requirements gathering. Requirements gathering is described as the most crucial phase, as it provides the target for the network design. Good requirements are user-centered, detailed, and specific. The deliverable of the requirements gathering phase is a Requirements Specification Document that formally documents the network needs.
The document summarizes a case study using systems engineering models to plan the Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) mission for NASA's Orion spacecraft. Key points:
- EFT-1 will test Orion capabilities before crewed flights, including separations, parachutes, attitude control during reentry, and water recovery.
- Systems engineering models were used to understand data and resource needs, flows, and access across distributed NASA/Lockheed Martin teams.
- Custom viewpoints were defined in SysML to address stakeholder questions and visualize mission elements like components, data exchanges, and interface requirements.
Interoperability for Intelligence Applications using Data-Centric MiddlewareGerardo Pardo-Castellote
Presentation at the May 2012 Intelligence Workshop held in Rome Italy.
Interoperability is key to reducing cost in the development and maintenance of applications that span multiple providers or must be supported over long periods of time. This presentation describes the role of network middleware technologies in such systems and how the use of a data-centric middleware, such as OMG DDS, makes developing such systems easier and more cost-effective.
Engineering Interoperable and Reliable SystemsRick Warren
The features of a communication technology that yield the properties of interoperability and reliability can be visualized in layers: technical (at the level of bytes), syntactic (at the level of messages), semantic (at the level of data, i.e. what the messages refer to), and so on. Real-world systems require at least data-level interoperability and reliability. The question is: will you acquire something that already supports those capabilities, or will you build it atop something that doesn't? This talk compares and contrasts DDS and AMQP as technology exemplars in each category.
The document discusses cyber-physical systems and the role of architecture description languages. It covers topics like heterogeneous systems, design challenges and possibilities, and examples. Architecture description languages play a key role by enabling abstraction and modeling of complex CPS, allowing exploration of design alternatives, and serving as standardized documentation. Some challenges of CPS design include interdisciplinary collaboration, security, scalability, and meeting real-time constraints.
This document discusses communication in distributed systems. It begins with an introduction that describes how distributed computing will be central to many critical applications but also faces challenges around reliability and scalability. The document then covers communication protocols and architectures for distributed systems, including layered, object-based, data-centered, and event-based styles. It also discusses topics like reliability, communication in groups, and order of communication. The conclusion restates that the best architecture depends on application requirements and environment.
This document summarizes the Rapid Assembly of Geo-Centred Linked Data Applications (RAGLD) project. RAGLD is building tools to enable developers to make greater use of linked data by integrating and transforming geospatial and statistical data. The project involves developing components for data integration, visualization, spatial and statistical querying, and workflow management. Feedback is being gathered to refine the design of these components and services.
While swarming has been successfully demonstrated in unmanned vehicles, the underlying assumption was that the swarm was made up of UVs of the same type from the same developer. The next challenge is Air Vehicle (AV) Teaming; Co-ordinated AV’s of different types, potentially from different manufacturers, manned and unmanned, working together. This session covers recent advances in system and system-of-system architecture theory & practice, and demonstrates how common data architecture enables interoperable & dynamic implementation of teaming. The key advance is the data-centric architecture detailing the semantic context of information exchanged over AV system-interface boundaries. The definition of interoperable data architecture, and how to build in semantics for auto-discovery of AV capability, is covered along with examples of how to create a context-based (semantic) architecture. As a summary, current industry initiatives towards interoperable architectures will be highlighted.
MuCon 2015 - Microservices in Integration ArchitectureKim Clark
The document discusses integration architecture in a microservices world. It begins by defining integration architecture as how data and functions are shared between applications. It then discusses challenges with large enterprise landscapes that have undergone mergers and acquisitions. The document outlines different types of integration architectures like external, enterprise, batch-based, and event-based integration. It also discusses common misconceptions around microservices, such as thinking microservices refer to exposed APIs rather than application components. The summary concludes by noting debates around the differences between microservices and service-oriented architecture (SOA).
Implementation of Agent Based Dynamic Distributed ServiceCSCJournals
This document proposes a design for agent migration between distributed systems using ACL (Agent Communication Language) messages. It involves serializing an agent's code and state into an ACL message that is sent from one system to another. The receiving system deserializes the agent to restore its execution. The design includes defining an ontology for migration messages, a migration protocol specifying the message flow, and components for handling class loading, agent migration, and conversation protocols. The performance of this distributed agent migration approach is evaluated by applying it to a distributed prime number calculation application.
An approach of software engineering through middlewareIAEME Publication
The document discusses middleware and its role in facilitating the construction of distributed systems. It outlines some of the key challenges in building distributed systems, such as network communication, coordination between distributed components, reliability, scalability, and heterogeneity. Middleware aims to address these challenges by providing high-level abstractions and services that conceal low-level complexities related to distribution from application developers. The document argues that middleware is important for simplifying distributed system construction and should be a key consideration in software engineering research on distributed systems.
An perspective into the raise of NoSQL systems and an comparison between RDBMS and NoSQL technologies.
The basic idea of the presentation originated while trying to understand the different alternatives available for managing data while building a fast, highly scalable, available, and reliable enterprise application.
The document outlines the objectives and units of a course on distributed systems. The objectives are to learn about distributed environments, processes and synchronization, peer-to-peer networks, fault tolerance, network filesystems and middleware technologies. Unit 1 introduces distributed systems and covers resource sharing challenges, API protocols, data representation, marshaling, multicast communication and remote procedure calls.
The document provides an overview of the OSI reference model and TCP/IP model for networking. It discusses:
1. The 7 layers of the OSI model and their functions, from the physical layer to the application layer.
2. The principles used to arrive at the 7 layers of the OSI model, including dividing complex tasks into simpler sub-tasks and minimizing information flow across interfaces.
3. An overview of the TCP/IP model and its 4 layers, and a comparison between OSI and TCP/IP.
The document discusses the challenges of managing complex and interconnected IT environments. It proposes using an architectural model and management platform to address these challenges. The solution involves three steps: 1) Creating a unified model of the entire IT environment across four levels. 2) Leveraging the model to optimize systems and ensure compliance. 3) Using the model to support future implementations, modernizations and growth. The model provides visibility, insights and a baseline for strategic alignment of IT assets with business needs.
Entity resolution for hierarchical data using attributes value comparison ove...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology. The article discusses entity resolution for hierarchical data using attribute value comparison over distributed databases. It introduces the challenges of entity resolution for large datasets and proposes a system that uses parsing, sorting, and matching of record attributes like name, address, date of birth, and phone number to identify duplicate records in a distributed database in a limited amount of time with less memory usage. The system divides entity resolution into three modules - name parsing, address parsing, and a confirmation module to improve accuracy while reducing processing time and memory requirements.
Distributed computing allows computers connected over a network to coordinate activities and share resources. It appears as a single, integrated system to users. Key characteristics include resource sharing, openness, concurrency, scalability, fault tolerance, and transparency. Common architectures include client-server, n-tier, and peer-to-peer. Paradigms for distributed applications include message passing between processes, the client-server model with asymmetric roles, and the peer-to-peer model with equal roles.
AtomicDB is a proprietary software technology that uses an n-dimensional associative memory system instead of a traditional table-based database. This allows information to be stored and related in a way analogous to human memory. The technology does not require extensive programming and can rapidly build and modify information systems to meet evolving needs. It provides significant cost and performance advantages over traditional databases for managing complex, relational data.
Similar to High-Performance Interoperable Architecture for Information Dominance (20)
Real-Time Innovations (RTI) is the largest software framework provider for smart machines and real-world systems. The company’s RTI Connext® product enables intelligent architecture by sharing information in real-time, making large applications work together as one.
Originally presented on April 11, 2017
Watch on-demand: https://event.on24.com/eventRegistration/EventLobbyServlet?target=reg20.jsp&referrer=&eventid=1383298&sessionid=1&key=96B34B2E00F5FAA33C2957FE29D84624®Tag=&sourcepage=register
The document discusses a presentation given by Dr. Stan Schneider, CEO of RTI, and Dr. Rajive Joshi, Principal Solution Architect at RTI, on how the Industrial Internet Consortium's (IIC) Connectivity Framework guides selection of connectivity technologies for industrial internet of things (IIoT) systems. The presentation covered the goals of the IIC Connectivity Framework in providing guidance to practitioners on IIoT connectivity, the layers of the IIoT connectivity stack model, core connectivity standards, and a process for assessing and selecting the appropriate connectivity standard.
The document discusses security for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Connext DDS Secure. It provides an overview of security frameworks from the Industrial Internet Consortium, including how they address threats in publish-subscribe systems. It then describes the key features of Connext DDS Secure, which is based on the DDS Security specification and provides authentication, access control, and encryption without a broker. The document demonstrates how to configure QoS profiles and permission files to set up secure domains for a Connext DDS shapes demo.
This document summarizes a presentation on the ISO 26262 approval of automotive software components. The presentation discusses ISO 26262 objectives for software, key characteristics of reusable software components, and the integration of qualified software components. It notes that ISO 26262 qualification of software components is possible if components have certain characteristics like modularity and provide documentation like a compliance matrix to guide integrators.
This document summarizes a presentation on developing autonomous vehicle architectures. It discusses using a data-centric middleware approach like the Data Distribution Service (DDS) standard to integrate sensors, fusion software, and control systems. DDS provides a common data model, quality of service controls, security features, and other benefits to help lower development risks. It also advocates consolidating electronic control units using a hypervisor and safety-certified operating system like QNX to isolate functions with different safety requirements. The presentation argues this is a lower-risk path to autonomous vehicle architecture than point-to-point and client-server approaches.
By John Breitenbach, RTI Field Applications Engineer
Contents
Introduction to RTI
Introduction to Data Distribution Service (DDS)
DDS Secure
Connext DDS Professional
Real-World Use Cases
RTI Professional Services
The document discusses fog computing and its role in industrial IoT (IIoT) systems. Fog computing refers to flexible, distributed computing resources and services located between end devices and centralized cloud computing infrastructure. It helps enable real-time response, reliable availability, and complex data management required for IIoT applications. The Industrial Internet Consortium is working to develop common architectures to connect sensors to cloud across industries using fog computing technologies like the Data Distribution Service standard.
The document compares OPC UA and DDS, two key protocols for industrial IoT. OPC UA is object-oriented and client-server, targeting simpler systems with device interchangeability needs. DDS is data-centric and peer-to-peer, more suitable for systems with primary software integration challenges. Both communities are working to ensure their technologies can work together, preserving investments as architectures evolve.
This document discusses cyber security challenges for connected cars. It notes connected cars have multiple attack surfaces through the internet, cloud, communication with other cars, and in-car systems. The document advocates for a layered security approach, including boundary security, transport-level security, and fine-grained data-centric security. It describes using Real-Time Innovation's Connext DDS Secure product to implement fine-grained security at the individual data topic level to control access and ensure proper system operation in a secure manner.
This document discusses lessons learned from space rovers and surgical robots that can inform system architecture. It advocates for a common architecture across industries using the Data Distribution Service (DDS) standard. DDS provides a data-centric middleware that maintains distributed state and facilitates plug-and-play connectivity between devices and across networks. It ensures real-time communication with quality of service guarantees to support applications from robotics to healthcare. DDS has been adopted in over 1000 industrial IoT systems and several standards/consortia due to its ability to securely connect sensors to cloud with interoperability between vendors.
This document discusses safety considerations for next-generation autonomous vehicles and how RTI's data distribution service (DDS) middleware can help address them. DDS ensures reliable data availability in real-time across complex systems, facilitates integration of diverse components, and enables flexible deployment. Its use of a common data model simplifies safety certification processes.
This document discusses RTI's Transport Services Segment (TSS) Reference Implementation, which is built on Connext DDS Cert and conforms to the FACE Safety Base Profile. It provides an overview of the TSS context within FACE, the Transport Services API, and the modular and configurable architecture of Connext DDS Micro and Cert. Connext DDS Cert is designed for safety-critical applications and its code is certifiable to DO-178C Level A, the most stringent safety standard, with reusable certification evidence.
This document discusses how integrating time-sensitive networking (TSN) with a data-centric connectivity approach using the Data Distribution Service (DDS) can improve industrial control systems. TSN provides real-time and deterministic networking over Ethernet, while DDS enables loose coupling, plug-and-play integration, and data sharing through its publish-subscribe model. Together, TSN and DDS can address challenges with traditional connectivity approaches by leveraging commodity hardware, simplifying integration, and allowing for improved data usage. The document outlines relevant TSN standards and how DDS quality of service policies can map to TSN priorities to provide deterministic networking.
The document discusses autonomous vehicle design and RTI's expertise in autonomy. It begins by outlining the challenges of autonomous vehicle technical including rapid evolution, complex system integration, on/off vehicle communications, perception and sensing, decision making, safety certification, and software dominance in a mechanical world. It then describes RTI's experience in various industries and standards efforts. RTI is said to have deep expertise in autonomy from its founders' background and use of its middleware to power unmanned systems. The document discusses how RTI can help with autonomous vehicle development through ensuring data availability, guaranteeing real-time response, managing complex data flows and states, easing system integration, building in security, making deployments flexible, and easing safety
This document discusses cybersecurity considerations for industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems. It describes how IIoT systems are distributed across sensors, actuators and other devices with streaming data, analytics/control, and connectivity to IT systems and clouds. This distributed nature introduces potential vulnerabilities from threats. The document then introduces the Data Distribution Service (DDS) standard as a connectivity platform that can address challenges like security while supporting real-time and reliable data distribution. Key features of DDS like decentralization and publish/subscribe capabilities are described. Finally, the document outlines DDS security capabilities like authentication, access control, encryption and logging to secure IIoT systems from unauthorized access and tampering.
This document discusses data distribution service (DDS) security for the industrial internet of things (IIoT). It provides background on DDS and the IIoT. It then discusses how DDS security works, including pluggable security architectures, authentication, access control, and message security. The goal of DDS security is to prevent unauthorized access to data in the global data space shared by DDS applications. Built-in security capabilities include X.509 authentication, access control configuration, and encryption/message authentication algorithms.
1) GE Healthcare is using RTI Connext DDS as the connectivity platform for its Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) architecture. Connext DDS can handle many classes of intelligent machines and satisfies GE's demanding requirements.
2) GE Healthcare is leveraging the Predix architecture to connect medical devices, cloud analytics, and mobile/wearable instruments. The future communication fabric of its monitoring technology is based on Connext DDS.
3) Physio-Control uses Connext DDS to exchange critical patient care information throughout the system of care, connecting vehicle systems, cloud systems, and infrastructure systems.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
2. Agenda
• High Performance
– It really is about time…
• Interoperable Architecture
– What is Interoperability
– Architecture foundations
• [for] Information Dominance
– Putting it all together
– Right time – right data – right place
3. So, a little about Performance.
Measure the right thing
for the right reason.
4. Performance
• What can we measure?
– Message rates
– Numbers of messages
– Size of messages
– Time to process messages
– Number of clients, number of servers
– Throughput of a broker/server
• Do the measurements matter?
– Consider that “Messages” are about something.
– What I really care about, is how long it takes to know
that something.
5. Performance is often Defined by…
Point-to-point, sockets, RPC, RMI
Concerned with an applications individual throughput/latency
Bottleneck at the slowest application
Little correlation between bus/fabric speeds and system performance
Centralized, DB, ESBs
Measure the aggregate performance
Broker Replication rates, transaction rates
ESB Number of supported clients
DBMS
Generally not measure client
performance
Decentralized, Data Centric
Measures data as presented to the application
Measures data update rates (1-1, 1-many, etc.)
Measures time to get the consistent state
6. Performance Does Matter
• Impacts Scale
– How big is the System-of Systems going to be?
– Physically can‟t send all the data everywhere.
– Can‟t revisit existing application when adding new capability.
• Impacts flexibility of Implementation
– Not arbitrarily constrained to messages rates/sizes.
– Capability and distribution can be added.
• However, the following is required
– Applications need to manage their performance requirements
– Applications need to manage their behavior explicitly
7. Application Behavior Concerns
• What data is valid
– Do I have the current value(s), from everyone
• How much of the data do I need
– Reliably, only get me date that changes by a little bit
– Send me data no faster than this rate
• What happens if
– I expected an update to data at …, what do you do.
– I want an acknowledgement, wait for this long, for this many
• I‟m too busy
– Old data that I am just getting around to looking at
– Are the updates I‟m about to send even valid anymore?
8. Managed Performance for
Information Dominance
Application Application
Quality of Service Quality of Service
(Desired Behaviors,..) (Desired Behaviors,..)
Integration Bus for Information Dominance
Operational Systems / Tactical Systems Information Technology (IT)
Command & Control (C2)
DATA-IN_MOTION DATA-AT-REST
9. An Integration Capability that
• Supports Integration of applications and
delivery of consistent behaviors when
– Environment is ADHOC
– Performance concerns are mixed
– Scale is unknown
– Technologies are mixed
• Enables Information Dominance via
– Architectural approach that supports a rigorous yet
flexible integration methodology that is interoperable
across data form/function boundaries
11. Current Approaches
• Protocol Definitions & Standards
– Tell me the messages
• Open Architecture Mandates
– Interoperability on Commonality
• Service Oriented Architecture
– Stateless services
12. Is Current Practice Working
• Recent studies have shown a growth in interoperability
policy issuance in DoD
– Thousands of pages of directives, instructions, and mandates
– Numerous standards and architecture bodies in the DoD
• No Correlation between Increased Interoperability and
Standards
– Standards are necessary, but not sufficient for interoperability
• Conventional means of developing platform, unit
command, and theater architectures are complex,
manpower intensive, and time consuming.
– Achieving Interoperability increases complexity
– Complexity of systems-of-systems not understood or well
managed
– Can‟t make complexity go away, just move where it is
13. Pause: What are we Trying to
Achieve?
Driver
Interchangeability To put each of (two things) in the place of the other, or to be used in place of
each other.
Integratability To form, coordinate, or blend into a functioning or unified whole. To incorporate
into a larger, functioning or unified whole.
Replaceability One thing or person taking the place of another especially as a substitute or
successor.
Extensibility The ability to add new components, subsystems, and capabilities to a system.
Interoperability The ability of systems, units, or forces to provide services to and accept services
from other systems, units, or forces, and to use the services so exchanged to
enable them to operate effectively together.
Open Architecture Requires Interoperability at a Higher Level
Than Key Interfaces.
14. Levels of Interoperability
-- Technical --
System Behavior Non-Functional Need
Communication protocol Interchangeability,
for exchanging Integrateability,
data. Bits & Bytes Replaceability,
are exchanged in Extensibility,
an unambiguous and Meaningful
manner. Technical Interoperability
15. Levels of Interoperability
-- Syntactic --
System Behavior Non-Functional Need
Common structure Interchangeability,
or data format Integrateability,
defined for Replaceability,
Syntactic
exchanging Extensibility,
information.
And Meaningful
This format
Technical Interoperability
must be
unambiguously
defined.
16. Levels of Interoperability
-- Semantic --
System Behavior Non-Functional Need
Meaning of data Semantic
Interchangeability,
is exchanged Integrateability,
via common Replaceability,
Syntactic
information Extensibility,
model. And Meaningful
Interoperability
The meaning Technical
of information
is shared and
unambiguously
defined.
17. What‟s the Difference?
• Semantic definition captures concepts of
– Structure (Content)
– Relationships (Context)
– Time (Behaviors)
• This makes the state of the system and the
application‟s data
– Explicit
– Directly Observable
– Manageable
• Everything has state…
18. Why is this hard?
Consider a measure of
complexity on application
development approaches.
19. How to Architect Systems to
Achieve Interoperability
1. Application Centric: Building Interoperable Apps
– Application manages Technical, Syntactic, and Semantic Interoperability
2. Message Centric: Building Interoperable Messaging Systems
– Delegates Syntactic Interoperability to Messaging Middleware
– Application manages Semantic Interoperability
3. Data Centric: Building Truly Data Centric Systems
– Delegates Semantic Interoperability to Middleware
– Open Architecture Requires a Data Centric Approach.
19
20. Application Centric Development
• Scales O(n) only if
– fully known, distributed, and homogeneous
knowledge of interfaces and state
Data State: Color denote uniqueness
Node/Service
Interface: Colors denote uniqueness
20
21. Application Centric Development
• Scales O(n2) only if
– each System invokes the Specified Interface of the
System that it wishes to communicate with and no
application state
– n is the number of interfaces
21
22. Application Centric Development
• Scales O(n3)
– Each system must understand the interaction
patterns and the remote data state….
– n is the number of data states
22
23. Application Centric Development
• Small systems aren‟t the problem, and
they give a false sense of hope.
– This is ~3.5 time more „complex‟ than 2 nodes
23
26. Data-Centric Development
• Delegate to middleware
Syntactic and Semantic
Interoperability
– Scales O(n)
– State synced with middleware
– State IN the middleware
and infrastructure
– Data-Centric Pub/Sub
26
28. What is State?
• Things have attributes and
characteristics
– The meeting will run 1:00–2:00 in the
“State” (“data”) is a
conference room. snapshot of these
– My friend‟s phone number is 555-1234
and he‟s currently grooming his cat. attributes and
– The car is blue and is traveling north
from Sunnyvale at 65 mph.
characteristics.
– The UAS is performing this mission,
with these goals and resources.
Best Practice:
…whether they exist in the real operate on
world, in the computer, or both
state, not dialogs
…whether or not we observe or about state.
acknowledge them
29. Data-Centric is Explicit
Understanding of State
Weather ‘Client’ Weather Service
- Asks for a Weather Report - Stateless Service
- Get the current prediction - Provides current weather
only when asked
State
- The fact that I asked,
- Where, at a certain time
- ‘Somebody’ has to keep it current…
30. Example: Data-Centric FlightPlan
Start with a Semantic understanding of FlightPlans
Content is understood – can represent data efficiently
Context is understood, know what‟s what….
Dispose New Update New
Subscribe
Publish
“AA123” “DL987” “AA123” “AA123”
65.4 56.7 45.6
X 32.1 89.0 78.9
31. Example: Data-Centric FlightPlan
Quality of Service
FlightPlan
FlightPlan
FlightPlan
FlightPlan History
Deadline
Time-Based Filter
• Once infrastructure understands objects, can attach
behavior (QoS) contracts to them
• Data-in-motion behavior includes time perspective
Subscribe
Publish
• “Keep only the latest value” or “I need updates at
this rate” make no sense unless per-object
– Flight AA123 updates shouldn‟t overwrite DL987,
even if AA123 is updated more frequently
– Update rate for one track shouldn‟t change just because
another track appeared
33. Challenges for Information
Dominance
• Consistent Application Performance
– Regardless of Scale
– Numbers of nodes, amount of data, data rates…
• Dynamic systems‟ topology
– No system always on, nodes come and go
– Capabilities derived from rapid integration
• Disparate Technologies
– Different deployment concerns
– Different interaction patterns and behaviors
• Data-in-Motion and Data-at-Rest
– Making at all actionable at the right place & time
34. Data-Centric Infrastructure
Supports Information Dominance
Application Application
Quality of Service Quality of Service
(Time, Performance,..) (Time, Performance,..)
Integration Bus for Information Dominance
Operational Systems / Tactical Systems Information Technology (IT)
Command & Control (C2)
DATA-IN_MOTION DATA-AT-REST
35. RTI Connext :
Edge-to-Enterprise Real-Time SOA
Connext Integrator
Operational Systems Information
Technology (IT)
Connext Connext Connext
Micro DDS Messaging
Facilitates cross-organizational integration:
• Well-defined and discoverable information models;
• Standard data-centric operations
• Standard wire interoperability protocol
• Mediation: integrate with any interface, expose via any interface
36. RTI Connext™: A Data-Centric
Infrastructure
Discrete OT & IT
Small Device General-Purpose Apps/Systems
DDS Apps
Apps Real-Time Apps
Pub/Sub API Pub/Sub API Messaging API Adapters
Connext Connext Connext Connext
Micro DDS Messaging Integrator
RTI DataBus™
Administration Recording Federation
Monitoring Replay Transformation
Logging Visualization Persistence
Common Tools and Infrastructure Services
37. Summary
• Information Dominance is enabled by
– Access to the right information
– Managed expectations with regards to performance
• Access to the right information is facilitated by
– The right architecture and description of data
– Content, Context, and Behavior
• Leveraging the data is facilitated by
– Having that data presented to the application in the
right form and function
– Decoupling the applications view from the
infrastructures management of the state
38. Where is State
Point-to-point, sockets, RPC, RMI
State is in the applications
Each application maintains its view
Centralized, DB, ESBs
State is in the Database
Broker Managed interactions with state
ESB
DBMS
Decentralized, Data Centric
State is in the bus
Stateless clients/services
State has explicit properties to manage its behavior
Using a Quality Attribute Methodology, that supports the Business, Non-functional Requirements
As systems are added, the number of Interfaces that must be considered increases exponentiallyAs systems are added, the number of Data States that must be considered increases exponentiallyInteroperability between 3 systems is ~3.5 times more complex than between 2 systems