The document discusses Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) which use a combination of different cellular technologies and base station types to increase network capacity and improve coverage. HetNets integrate macro cells, small cells like femtocells and picocells, and WiFi access points. This allows operators to boost capacity in high demand areas and extend indoor coverage. HetNets provide enriched capacity, guaranteed coverage, and help maximize the cost efficiency of building new networks.

1. HETNET
(Heterogeneous Network)
By– Kewal Sharma
Annu Sawaiyan
Swapnil Kantale

2.  The exponential increase in the use of interconnected
mobile devices will result in the growth of data traffic.
 This will force the network operators to increase the
capacity of the networks in a dramatic fashion to meet
the upcoming demands.
 The problem currently being faced by the networks
operators is not the coverage – which is now nearly
universal – but the capacity. Because there are too
many users demanding too much data.
Introduction

3.  HetNets are typically composed of a variety of formats
of base station, radio access networks, transmission
solutions and power levels.
 In this way HetNets have several aspects :
1.Use of multiple radio access technologies
2.Operation of different cell sizes and approaches
3.Backhaul

5.  It is a low-powered cellular radio access nodes that
operate in licensed and unlicensed spectrum.
 Small cells typically have a range varying from 10
meters to a few hundred meters.
 Mobile operator mainly use small –cells to extend
and maximize their service coverage or to increase
the network capacity.

6.  Femto-cells
 Pico cells
 Macro cells
 Macro cells

7.  A femtocell is a small low-power cellular base station.
 it is typically designed for use of small business and home.
 It connects to the service provider’s network via broadband
 Example- Cable,DSL

8.  A Pico-cell is a small cellular base
station typically covering a small area, such
as in-building, office.
 Pico-cells are typically used to extend
coverage to indoor areas where outdoor
signals do not reach well.
 To add network capacity in areas with very
dense phone usage, such as train stations or
stadiums.

9.  A macro-cell is a cell in a mobile
phone network that provides radio coverage
served by a high power cell site.
 Example-Tower

10.  It is also cell in a mobile phone network
served by a low power cellular base station
 It is covering a limited area.
 Example- Transportations hub

12.  Improve existing macro cells – by enhancing macro cells with more spectrum,
advanced antennae, increased order of diversity on the receiver and/or the
transmitter, and baseband processing capacity within and between nodes.
 Continued evolution of HSPA and LTE technology will drive macro network
efficiency through specialized features, such as higher-order modulation,
multi-carrier and multi-antenna solutions, as well as spectrum reframing,
using hybrid radio solutions.

13.  Densify the macro network – the capacity and data rates achieved
by enhancing the macro network alone, will eventually be
insufficient to meet demand.
 The targeted addition of cells strategically located can improve
capacity.
 This approach keeps the total number of sites relatively low, while
network performance becomes less sensitive to traffic location. A
simple way to densify a network could be a cell-split, which enables
a site from transitioning to a six-sector site from a three sector site.
 These strategic cells could use macro equipment, or even micro
equipment.

14.  Add small cells – by complementing macro cells with small cells
and dedicated indoor solutions, based on the 3GPP standard.
 This approach can include the use of micro cells, pico cells or
low- power remote radio units (RRUs), as well as Wi-Fi.
 It delivers high per-user capacity and rate coverage in areas
covered by the small cells, with the potential to improve
performance in the macro network by offloading traffic
generated in hotspots.
 The degree of integration that can be achieved throughout the
Heterogeneous Network will determine the overall network
performance.

16. • Enriched capacity and guaranteed spot-free coverage.
• The overlay of Small Cells onto existing networks ensures
high-speed, high-capacity communications for specific hot-
spot area.
• HetNet can also help maximize the cost efficiency of
introducing a new network.

17.  Heterogeneous deployment is seen as a pragmatic and cost-
effective way to significantly enhance the capacity of LTE
cellular networks. Macro nodes are used to ensure broad
coverage, and low-power nodes may be located close to
places with increased demand for data.

18. Thank You