A hernia is a protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the muscle wall containing it. Hernias are usually harmless but can become strangulated, cutting off blood supply. This is a medical emergency. Factors like obesity, straining, and surgery increase hernia risk. Hernias have three parts: the sac, covering, and contents. Types include inguinal, femoral, umbilical, and incisional. Inguinal hernias are most common in men and come in indirect and direct forms. Uncomplicated hernias are usually repaired surgically by reducing the protrusion and mending the muscle wall weakness. Irreducible hernias also require repair to prevent complications