This presentation will give you the information about the standardization and preservation of herbal drug
It will also predict the information about the drawbacks or false of which we will get while in the synthesis of drug
Process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments
Quality control of herbal medicines aims to ensure their consistency, safety and efficacy.
Chemical fingerprinting has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique for the quality control of herbal medicines.
Standardization of herbal drugs refers to “confirmation of its identity and determination of its quality, purity and detection of nature of adulterant by various parameters”.
Process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments
Quality control of herbal medicines aims to ensure their consistency, safety and efficacy.
Chemical fingerprinting has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique for the quality control of herbal medicines.
Standardization of herbal drugs refers to “confirmation of its identity and determination of its quality, purity and detection of nature of adulterant by various parameters”.
Quality control of herbal medicines aims to ensure their consistency, safety and efficacy.
Chemical fingerprinting has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique for the quality control of herbal medicines.
Application of chromatography Technique in standardization of herbal drugEasy Concept
Chromatography is defined as a technique of isolation and identification of components or compounds or mixture into individual components by using the stationary phase and mobile phase. Plant materials are separated and purified by using various chromatographic techniques.
Preparation and Standardisation of Ayurvedic Dosage formsManjusha Kondepudi
Standardization of Asava&Arista, Churna, Bhasma, Avalehya and Gutika.
Importance of standardization of herbals
Standardization of herbal raw material, plant extract
The term “herbal drugs” denotes plants or plant parts that have been converted into phytopharmaceuticals by means of simple processes involving harvesting, drying, and storage.
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Quality control of herbal medicines aims to ensure their consistency, safety and efficacy.
Chemical fingerprinting has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique for the quality control of herbal medicines.
Application of chromatography Technique in standardization of herbal drugEasy Concept
Chromatography is defined as a technique of isolation and identification of components or compounds or mixture into individual components by using the stationary phase and mobile phase. Plant materials are separated and purified by using various chromatographic techniques.
Preparation and Standardisation of Ayurvedic Dosage formsManjusha Kondepudi
Standardization of Asava&Arista, Churna, Bhasma, Avalehya and Gutika.
Importance of standardization of herbals
Standardization of herbal raw material, plant extract
The term “herbal drugs” denotes plants or plant parts that have been converted into phytopharmaceuticals by means of simple processes involving harvesting, drying, and storage.
GPAT
Niper &
other pharma competative exams...
For more posts, follow us on .... be
@pharmahelpers
@pharmahelpers
@pharmahelpers
Also follow us on...
Facebook @ Pharma Helpers
Whatsapp @ 8421773854 OR https://chat.whatsapp.com/FFVRcxiiqC91PvnEvmK2F1
Instagram @ https://www.instagram.com/p/COM-VYqJ3Xo/?igshid=1ac01ibq2sa2k
This PPT describes the WHO guidelines for the Quality control of medicinal plant materials, in order to establish the quality standards and specifications for herbal materials, within the overall context of quality assurance and control of herbal medicines.
Physical standards are to be determined for drugs, wherever possible.
These are rarely constant for crude drugs, but may help in evaluation, specifically with reference to
Moisture content,
Viscosity,
Melting point,
Solubility in different solvents,
Optical rotation,
Refractive index,
Ash.Values and Extractives
Volatile oil Content
Foreign Organic Matter :
In this presentation i have discussed about the importance of food resources, world food problems and changes caused in agriculture and its impact and also it will clearly explain about the condition in Indian food economy. it will also explain a overgrazing in the land
this will clearly describe about the technology transfer by various route
and it will predict the way of organization to sell or trade the product in easy way
this will help to know about the advance technique to analysis the biological sample in cancer diagnosis and general separation of proteins based upon the molecular weight and helps to analysis the new drug synthesis level
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
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Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
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This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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2. HERBS:
Crude plant material such as leaves, flowers, fruit, seed, stems,
wood, bark, roots, rhizomes or other plant parts, which may be entire,
fragmented or powdered.
HERBAL DRUGS:
Finished labeled products that contain active ingredients such
as aerial or underground parts of plant or other plant material or
combinations thereof, whether in the crude state or as plant preparations
3. STANDARDIZATION OF HERBAL DRUGS :
Standardization of drug means confirmation of its identity and
determination of its quality and purity and detection of nature of
adulterant by various parameters like morphological, microscopical,
physical, chemical and biological observations.
HERBAL FORMULATION :
Obtained by subjecting herbal substances to treatments such as extraction,
distillation, expression, fractionation, purification, concentration or
fermentation. These includes powdered herbal substances extracts,
essential oils and expressed juices.
6. PROCEDURES FOR STANDARDIZATION OF HERBAL DRUGS:
In order to assure a consistent and acceptable quality herbal
product, care should be taken right from the identification and
authentication of herbal raw materials to the verification process of final
products.
The following parameters are recommended:
• Authentication.
• Physical parameters.
•Quantitative and qualitative analysis.
• Microbiological Contamination.
•Pesticide residue.
• Heavy Metal analysis.
7. DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES INVOLVED IN STANDARDIZATION
OF CRUDE DRUGS:
Macroscopic methods
Microscopic methods
Physical methods
Chemical methods
Biological methods
8. MACROSCOPIC METHODS:
The macroscopic study is the morphological
description of the plant parts which was carried out by a naked
eye placing the plant material on a white paper surface.
Organoleptic features such as shape, size, colour, odour, taste of
leaves, flowers, and fruits were evaluated.
MICROSCOPIC METHODS:
Microscopic techniques examine structural and
cellular features of herbs to determine their botanical origin. It
includes study of stomatal number, index, vein islets number,
types of trichomes, starch, grains and calcium oxalate crystals.
9. PHYSICAL METHODS:
It includes various parameterlike
Viscosity
Melting point
Solubility
Moisture content and volatile
matter
Specific gravity
Density
Optical rotation
Refractive index
Bitterness value
Hemolytic activity
Swelling index
Foaming index
Ash value
Astringency.
10. VISCOSITY:
Viscosity of a liquid is constant at a given
temperature and is an index of its composition. Hence it
can be used as a means of standardizing liquid drugs.
MELTING POINT:
In case of pure photochemical, melting points are
very important. The purity can be ascertained by the
melting point range. For example: colophony-75-800 c
SOLUBILITY :
The presence of adulterant could be indicated by
solubility studies. E.g. Asofoetida is soluble in carbon
dislphide.
11. MOISTURE CONTENT:
The moisture content of the drug should be minimized in order to prevent the
decomposition of crude drug either due to chemical change or microbial contamination.
The moisture is determined by heating drug at 1050 c in an oven. E.g. Aloe should have
the moisture content not more than 10%
OPTICAL ROTATION :
Optically active compound have the property of rotating the plane of polarized light.
Normally it’s determined by at 250 c using sodium lamp as light source. E.g. castor oil has
optical rotation from +3.5-60 c
REFRACTIVE INDEX:
When ray of light passes from one medium to another of different density then the ratio
of velocity of light in vacuum to its velocity in substance. It is constant for pure drug and
varied with wave length of incident of light, temperature and pressure. E.g. Castor oil has
refractive index 1.4-1.5
12. ASH VALUES AND EXTRACTIVES:
The residues remaining after
incineration is the ash content of drug. Total ash method is
used to measure the total amount of material remaining after
incineration. It is done by two ways- ACID insoluble ash,
WATER soluble ash. The total ash value, acid insoluble ash,
water soluble ash was found to be 11.75%, 7.45% and
7.85%. This percentage clearly indicates that the root is best
for drug action and effects.
13. BITTERNESS VALUE:
Medicinal plants having stronger bitter taste are therapeutically
used as appetizing agents. The bitterness is determined by
comparing the threshold bitter concentration of an extract
material with that of quinine hydrochloride.
Bitterness value in unit per gram = 2000*c
A*B
Where
A = concentration of stock solution
B = volume of test solution in tube with threshold bitter
concentration
C = quantity of quinine hydrochloride in the tube with
threshold bitter concentration
14. HAEMOLYTIC ACTIVITY:
Haemolytic activity of plant material is determined by comparison with that
of reference material, Saponin R, having haemolytic activity of 1000 units/g
Where haemolytic activity = 1000* a/b
1000 = defined haemolytic activity of saponin standard
a = quantity of saponin standard that produce total haemolysis (g)
b = quantity of plant material that produce total haemolysis (g)
SWELLING INDEX:
The swelling index is the volume of ml taken up by the swelling
of 1g of plant material under specified condition. It is
determined by addition of water in the test procedure of each
plant material
15. FOAMING INDEX:
Many medicinal plant material contain saponins that can cause a
persistent foam when an aqueous decoction is shaken.
Foaming index = 1000
a
Where a = the volume in ml of the decoction used for preparing
the dilution in the tube where foaming to a height of 1 cm is
observed.
16. CHEMICAL METHODS:
It comprises of different chemical tests and assays.
The isolation, purification and identification of active constituents are chemical
methods of evaluation.
Quantitative chemical tests shuchas acid vale, saponificationvalue etc., are also
coveredunderthis technique. Qualitative chemical tests are used in detection of
adulteration.
The chemical evaluation also covers phytochemical screening carried out for
establishing chemical profile of a drug.
17. CHEMICAL EXAMINATION:
Detection of alkaloids
Detection of carbohydrates and glycosides
Detection of phytosterols
Detection of fixed oils and fats
Detection of saponins
Detection of phenoliccompounds and tannins
Detection of protein and free amino acids
Detection of gums and mucilage
Detection of volatile oils
18. BIOLOGICAL STANDRADIZATION:
Drug which cannot be assayed by chemical or physical means are evaluated by biological
methods. It is done by means of effect on living organism like Bacteria, Fungi or animal
tissues.
Types of Bioassay:
QUANTAL-It is all or none phenomenon.
GRADED - Based on observation that there is a proportionate increase in the observed
response with increase in concentration or dose.
19. PRESERVATION AND PROTECTION OF CRUDE DRUGS:
Storage represents the last stage of preparing crude drugs. drugs usually deteriorate along
the time of storage,
except in few cases e.g. Cascara and Frangula should not be used except after certain
period of storage.
Certain drugs as Nux vomica are hardly affected by storage.
Generally, changes that take place during storage of crude drugs are objectionable, e.g.
drugs containing volatile oils gradually lose their aroma.
Improper methods of storing and inadequate protection during storage can cause a
pronounced deterioration.
PRESERVATION CAN BE DONE BY FOLLOWING METHODS:
Drying
Lypholyzation (Freeze drying)
Chemical drying using desiccators
20. DRYING:
Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another
solvent by evaporation from a solid, semi-solid or liquid. This process is often used
as a final production step before selling or packaging products.
Drying is carried out either by
NATURAL OR
ARTIFICIAL METHODS.
1- Natural drying: this is accomplished by natural air in sun or shade.
2- Artificial drying: this is a rapid method done at well-controlled temperature
and is accomplished by:
• direct fire.
• Use of heated stones.
• Use of stoves.
21. Drying chambers:
This method provides a controlled process. Drying
chambers consist of closed space with several movable
screen trays, arranged so as to allow the circulation of
heated air. Its temperature and ventilation can be regulated
to suit drying of different organs.
REASONS FOR DRYING:
1. To help in their preservation.
2. To fix their constituents, by preventing reactions that
may occur in presence of water.
3. To prevent the growth of micro-organisms such as
bacteria and fungi.
4. To facilitate their grinding.
5. To reduce their size and weight.
6. Insufficient drying favors spoilage by microorganisms
and makes it possible for enzymatic destruction.