Hepatitis c
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A 31-year-old female presented with loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, stomach pain, and hepatomegaly. Upon examination, the doctor noticed yellowing of her skin and eyes. Blood tests were positive for hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is a disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus, which can lead to chronic infection in 60-70% of cases and cause cirrhosis in a small percentage over time. The patient's symptoms and blood test results indicate she has hepatitis C infection.
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Acute hepatitis
1. Acute viral hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver caused by viral infection, resulting in elevated liver enzymes for less than 6 months. The most common causes are hepatitis A, B, C, D, E viruses.
2. The document discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, management, and prevention of different viral hepatitis types. Hepatitis A and E are usually self-limiting while hepatitis B, C and D can sometimes lead to chronic liver disease.
3. Supportive care is the main treatment approach for most cases of acute viral hepatitis. Specific antiviral therapy may be used for severe hepatitis B cases to prevent progression to liver failure. Vaccines exist to prevent hepatitis A and B infection
Acute viral hepatitis
The document discusses the various causes of acute viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. It notes that while symptoms are generally similar between the different types and include fever, jaundice, and nausea, there are differences in transmission method, incubation period, likelihood of chronic infection, and available treatments and vaccines for each. For example, hepatitis A is transmitted through contaminated food or water and has a vaccine, while hepatitis C has a higher rate of chronic infection and was previously difficult to treat.
Acute hepatitis 2
This document discusses steatohepatitis (fatty liver disease), which can be alcoholic or non-alcoholic in origin and can present as mild hepatitis. It also discusses acute autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), noting that it accounts for a small percentage of liver transplants. AIH has a severe natural history if untreated and various genetic and environmental triggers are discussed. Simplified diagnostic criteria for AIH include autoantibodies, elevated IgG, histological findings, and exclusion of viral hepatitis. The three main types of AIH are described based on demographics, autoantibodies, associated conditions, and severity.
Acute liver disease
acute liver hepatitis caused by various hepatitis virus, toxic hepatitis,ischemic hepatitis,reye's syndrome
Acute hepatits [autosaved]
This document discusses acute hepatitis. It begins by defining the liver and explaining that hepatitis can be either acute or chronic, with acute hepatitis having an abrupt onset. It then classifies acute hepatitis etiologically into viral and non-viral types. Viral acute hepatitis may be caused by several viruses including HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV, and HDV. Significant elevations of certain proteins and acute phase reactants can indicate more severe acute hepatitis. Liver biopsy is controversial for diagnosing acute hepatitis due to its invasiveness but may be needed to guide treatment decisions. Complications of acute hepatitis are also discussed.
Chronic hepatitis
This document discusses chronic hepatitis in children. It begins by defining chronic hepatitis as ongoing liver inflammation persisting for more than six months that is detectable biochemically and histologically. Chronic hepatitis in children is often asymptomatic with mild illness and normal growth, though it can progress to cirrhosis or liver cancer at any age. The causes include hepatitis B, C, autoimmune hepatitis, and metabolic disorders. The document outlines approaches to diagnosing and classifying chronic hepatitis and reviews treatment options and goals in the pediatric population.
Acute hepatitis
1) An 18-year-old female presented with fever, malaise, nausea, vomiting and right upper quadrant pain for 3 days. Laboratory tests showed elevated bilirubin and ALT levels consistent with acute hepatitis.
2) Acute hepatitis can be caused by various viral, drug-induced, autoimmune and metabolic etiologies. The document discusses the pathogenesis and typical symptoms of acute hepatitis such as anorexia, nausea and jaundice.
3) Management of acute hepatitis is generally supportive with maintenance of nutrition, fluids and electrolytes. Severe cases may require admission and treatment of complications like hepatic encephalopathy. Most viral cases of acute hepatitis resolve on their own within a few months.
Pathogenesis and management of viral hepatitis
This document discusses the pathogenesis and management of viral hepatitis. It covers the five main hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E), describing their routes of transmission, incubation periods, severity, and potential for chronic infection. For hepatitis A and B, it provides details on the viral lifecycle and how they cause liver inflammation and damage. It also outlines the clinical presentation and phases of hepatitis A and B infection, as well as approaches for prophylaxis, treatment, and management of these two types of viral hepatitis.
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Acute hepatitis
1. Acute viral hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver caused by viral infection, resulting in elevated liver enzymes for less than 6 months. The most common causes are hepatitis A, B, C, D, E viruses.
2. The document discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, management, and prevention of different viral hepatitis types. Hepatitis A and E are usually self-limiting while hepatitis B, C and D can sometimes lead to chronic liver disease.
3. Supportive care is the main treatment approach for most cases of acute viral hepatitis. Specific antiviral therapy may be used for severe hepatitis B cases to prevent progression to liver failure. Vaccines exist to prevent hepatitis A and B infection
Acute viral hepatitis
The document discusses the various causes of acute viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. It notes that while symptoms are generally similar between the different types and include fever, jaundice, and nausea, there are differences in transmission method, incubation period, likelihood of chronic infection, and available treatments and vaccines for each. For example, hepatitis A is transmitted through contaminated food or water and has a vaccine, while hepatitis C has a higher rate of chronic infection and was previously difficult to treat.
Acute hepatitis 2
This document discusses steatohepatitis (fatty liver disease), which can be alcoholic or non-alcoholic in origin and can present as mild hepatitis. It also discusses acute autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), noting that it accounts for a small percentage of liver transplants. AIH has a severe natural history if untreated and various genetic and environmental triggers are discussed. Simplified diagnostic criteria for AIH include autoantibodies, elevated IgG, histological findings, and exclusion of viral hepatitis. The three main types of AIH are described based on demographics, autoantibodies, associated conditions, and severity.
Acute liver disease
acute liver hepatitis caused by various hepatitis virus, toxic hepatitis,ischemic hepatitis,reye's syndrome
Acute hepatits [autosaved]
This document discusses acute hepatitis. It begins by defining the liver and explaining that hepatitis can be either acute or chronic, with acute hepatitis having an abrupt onset. It then classifies acute hepatitis etiologically into viral and non-viral types. Viral acute hepatitis may be caused by several viruses including HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV, and HDV. Significant elevations of certain proteins and acute phase reactants can indicate more severe acute hepatitis. Liver biopsy is controversial for diagnosing acute hepatitis due to its invasiveness but may be needed to guide treatment decisions. Complications of acute hepatitis are also discussed.
Chronic hepatitis
This document discusses chronic hepatitis in children. It begins by defining chronic hepatitis as ongoing liver inflammation persisting for more than six months that is detectable biochemically and histologically. Chronic hepatitis in children is often asymptomatic with mild illness and normal growth, though it can progress to cirrhosis or liver cancer at any age. The causes include hepatitis B, C, autoimmune hepatitis, and metabolic disorders. The document outlines approaches to diagnosing and classifying chronic hepatitis and reviews treatment options and goals in the pediatric population.
Acute hepatitis
1) An 18-year-old female presented with fever, malaise, nausea, vomiting and right upper quadrant pain for 3 days. Laboratory tests showed elevated bilirubin and ALT levels consistent with acute hepatitis.
2) Acute hepatitis can be caused by various viral, drug-induced, autoimmune and metabolic etiologies. The document discusses the pathogenesis and typical symptoms of acute hepatitis such as anorexia, nausea and jaundice.
3) Management of acute hepatitis is generally supportive with maintenance of nutrition, fluids and electrolytes. Severe cases may require admission and treatment of complications like hepatic encephalopathy. Most viral cases of acute hepatitis resolve on their own within a few months.
Pathogenesis and management of viral hepatitis
This document discusses the pathogenesis and management of viral hepatitis. It covers the five main hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E), describing their routes of transmission, incubation periods, severity, and potential for chronic infection. For hepatitis A and B, it provides details on the viral lifecycle and how they cause liver inflammation and damage. It also outlines the clinical presentation and phases of hepatitis A and B infection, as well as approaches for prophylaxis, treatment, and management of these two types of viral hepatitis.
Chronic hepatitis
This document discusses chronic hepatitis, which is long-term inflammation of the liver lasting over 6 months. It outlines various causes of chronic hepatitis including viral hepatitis from HBV and HCV, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Chronic hepatitis often does not present with symptoms but can be detected by elevated liver enzymes or biopsy. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve antiviral medication, steroids, or lifestyle changes.
Acute Hepatitis(pediatrics)
1) A 12-year-old boy presented with yellowing of the eyes and dark urine for 20 days, as well as abdominal pain and nausea. Examination found jaundice and enlarged liver.
2) Liver function tests showed elevated enzymes. Serology found positive hepatitis A IgM and positive hepatitis B surface antigen.
3) The patient was diagnosed with acute hepatitis A infection with an underlying inactive carrier state of hepatitis B. He was treated conservatively and his liver enzymes normalized after 6 months.
Chronic hepatitis
1. Chronic hepatitis represents liver inflammation that lasts at least 6 months and can range from mild and nonprogressive to severe, leading to cirrhosis.
2. Chronic hepatitis is classified by cause, grade or stage of liver damage, and different types include hepatitis B, C, NAFLD, alcoholic hepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis.
3. Hepatitis B is further classified into phases including immune tolerant, immune clearance, and inactive or reactivation phases based on viral markers and liver damage.
Acute viral hepatitis
This document provides information on acute viral hepatitis. It defines different types of hepatitis including acute, chronic, fulminant and cirrhosis. It describes the clinical stages and features of acute viral hepatitis including the incubation period, prodromal phase, icteric phase and recovery phase. It also discusses the investigations conducted to diagnose acute viral hepatitis including liver function tests and identification of viruses through antibodies or nucleic acid testing. The management of acute viral hepatitis is described as mainly supportive without specific treatment, though hospitalization may be needed in severe cases. Complications like chronic hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis and prophylaxis through vaccines and hygiene are also summarized.
Viral hepatitis
This document discusses hepatitis, primarily caused by five hepatotropic viruses - hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses. Hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus are the most common causes of acute viral hepatitis in children in India. Most cases of acute viral hepatitis improve spontaneously without treatment. Prolongation of prothrombin time is a reliable laboratory marker of worsening liver function or potential liver failure. Chronic infection with hepatitis B or C can potentially lead to chronic hepatitis.
ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS
Dr. Santosh Vastrad chaired a discussion on viral hepatitis between Dr. Basith Lateef and other attendees. Viral hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver caused by hepatotropic viruses. The discussion covered the clinical terms, types of acute and chronic viral hepatitis, and details on hepatitis A specifically. Hepatitis A virus is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and causes an acute, self-limiting infection with recovery typically within several weeks. Diagnosis involves IgM and IgG antibody testing to detect acute versus past infection. Treatment focuses on rest and diet, as the infection usually resolves on its own without complications.
Viral hepatitis
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that is usually caused by a viral infection. There are 5 main types of viral hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A and E are typically transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C and D can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. While hepatitis A only causes a short-term illness, hepatitis B and C can develop into chronic conditions that lead to serious liver problems like cirrhosis and cancer. Laboratory tests are used to diagnose hepatitis and detect the specific virus, and nursing care focuses on rest, diet, medication management, and health education to prevent transmission and complications.
Hepatic Disease
This document outlines the objectives and content for a clinical medicine course on hepatic disease. It will discuss the major functions of the liver, categories of viral hepatitis, toxic and drug induced liver injury, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, complications of viral hepatitis such as cirrhosis, and treatment options for various liver diseases. Key topics include the etiology, risk factors, transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of hepatitis A-E and G viruses, alcoholic liver disease as a leading cause of cirrhosis in the US, and statins not being contraindicated for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Chronic hepatitis ppt
Dr. Manoj Ghoda discusses chronic hepatitis and hepatic encephalopathy. For a 12-year-old boy presenting with jaundice, abdominal distension, and edema, findings suggest longstanding liver disease. Potential causes discussed include viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and genetic disorders. Chronic hepatitis results from long-term liver inflammation and can progress to cirrhosis if left untreated. Hepatic encephalopathy ranges from subtle changes to coma and is caused by increased brain ammonia levels in liver disease. Treatment focuses on removing triggers and lowering ammonia through lactulose, antibiotics, and other medications.
Chronic hepatitis introduction
Chronic hepatitis is characterized by a persistent inflammatory process in the liver lasting over 6 months. It is classified into three types based on histological features: chronic active hepatitis marked by necrosis and fibrosis carrying the worst prognosis; chronic persistent hepatitis with portal inflammation but no significant necrosis; and chronic lobular hepatitis involving hepatocyte apoptosis. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, metabolic disorders, drugs, or autoimmune conditions. Patients may be asymptomatic or experience fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice, or liver abnormalities. Liver biopsy examines inflammation grade and fibrosis stage and helps establish etiology through immunological testing.
Hepatitis acute
This document provides information about acute hepatitis, including its causes, clinical forms, and specific types. It discusses acute viral hepatitis and chronic viral hepatitis. The main causes of acute hepatitis are various viruses (A, B, C, E, EBV, CMV), alcohol, toxins, and drugs. Hepatitis A and E are enterically transmitted and cause acute disease without a chronic phase. Hepatitis B, C, and D are blood-borne viruses that can cause chronic infections. The document then provides more detailed information about the pathogenesis, transmission, clinical features, outcomes, prevention, and treatment of specific hepatitis viruses, including hepatitis A, E, B, and C.
Hepatitis ppt
Viral hepatitis can be acute or chronic depending on whether symptoms last less than or more than six months. The main causes are infectious hepatitis viruses like hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A spreads through the fecal-oral route while hepatitis B, C, and D spread through blood and body fluids. Many people infected with hepatitis B or C do not show symptoms but can develop chronic liver disease and cancer over time. Vaccines exist for hepatitis A and B but not for C, D, and E. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms for acute cases and antiviral drugs for chronic cases.
11. chronic hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis is broadly defined as liver inflammation that lasts at least 6 months and can have various etiologies. The document discusses chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B and C viruses, which can lead to complications like liver cirrhosis and cancer over time. Autoimmune hepatitis and drug or toxic-induced chronic liver disease are also examined, along with their diagnostic features and treatment approaches.
Pathology of Hepatitis - Lecture
Here are brief summaries of the requested liver conditions:
- Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC):
- PBC affects small bile ducts, PSC affects large bile ducts
- PBC more common in females, PSC more common in males
- PBC associated with autoimmune diseases, PSC associated with IBD
- Wilson's disease involves copper accumulation in liver due to ceruloplasmin defect
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency results in decreased protease inhibition and liver damage
- Hemochromatosis involves iron overload due to HFE gene mutation
- Hemosiderosis is iron overload from other causes like
Chronic hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis is defined as ongoing liver inflammation lasting over 6 months. It is commonly caused by hepatitis B, C, or a combination. Clinical features include fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice, and elevated liver enzymes. On microscopy, chronic hepatitis shows piecemeal necrosis around the portal tract, interface hepatitis between liver lobes, and bridging fibrosis linking different areas. The activity of chronic hepatitis is assessed based on necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis levels, and used to classify it as persistent, lobular, or active hepatitis. Carriers have no symptoms but can transmit hepatitis viruses through detectable surface antigens in their blood.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, toxins, and drugs. There are several types of hepatitis defined by their causes, which include viral types A, B, C, D, and E transmitted by fecal-oral, blood, or sexual contact; alcoholic hepatitis caused by heavy alcohol use; and toxic hepatitis due to toxins, drugs, or chemicals. Diagnosis involves liver enzyme and function tests to determine the presence and extent of liver damage. Treatment depends on the type but may include antiviral medications, immune system modulators, and avoiding further liver damage.
Pathology of Hepatitis
George, a 62-year-old farmer, presents with fatigue and yellowing of the eyes for 2 weeks. He reports weight loss but no other symptoms. Laboratory tests show elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes with positive hepatitis B surface antigen. The doctor considers diagnoses including acute or chronic hepatitis B, alcoholic liver disease, and other causes of jaundice. A liver biopsy may be needed to confirm chronic hepatitis B as the cause of the patient's chronic condition and symptoms.
Hepatic Diseased Revised Keynote
I apologize, upon further review this document does not contain any statements that can be summarized in 3 sentences or less while maintaining the key points. I do not feel comfortable creating a summary from this document.
Chronic hepatitis
Chronic viral hepatitis can be caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or hepatitis D virus (HDV). HBV is responsible for 60-80% of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. HCV infection is the most common chronic blood-borne infection and a leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. HDV requires HBV coinfection and can cause a more severe form of hepatitis. Treatment for chronic HBV and HCV infection involves antiviral medications like interferons, nucleoside analogs, and nucleotide analogs to achieve viral suppression and prevent disease progression.
Hepatitis B virus
A serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus that's easily preventable by a vaccine.
This disease is most commonly spread by exposure to infected bodily fluids.
Symptoms are variable and include yellowing of the eyes, abdominal pain and dark urine. Some people, particularly children, don't experience any symptoms. In chronic cases, liver failure, cancer or scarring can occur.
The condition often clears up on its own. Chronic cases require medication and possibly a liver transplant.
Gyn part 2
This document discusses Trichomonus Vaginalis, an organism that causes an infection. It describes examining a fresh smear under a microscope where an ovoid flagellated organism slightly larger than a leukocyte can be seen using a Leishman stain. It also mentions performing a speculum examination of the cervix to check for the infection. Additionally, it covers Bacterial Vaginosis caused by Gardnerella, where normal epithelial cells appear with obscured borders and stippled cytoplasm due to adherent bacteria, known as clue cells.
Hepatitis c virus
Egypt has the highest prevalence of hepatitis C in the world, with an estimated 10-13% of the population testing positive for HCV antibodies. Hepatitis C genotype 4 is the most prevalent in Egypt. There are 6 known genotypes of hepatitis C worldwide. Most people with hepatitis C do not show symptoms, though acute infection can cause fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and joint pain. Without a vaccine, prevention focuses on not sharing personal items that may transmit blood and receiving properly screened blood transfusions. Complications of chronic hepatitis C include liver scarring, cancer, and failure.
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Chronic hepatitis
This document discusses chronic hepatitis, which is long-term inflammation of the liver lasting over 6 months. It outlines various causes of chronic hepatitis including viral hepatitis from HBV and HCV, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Chronic hepatitis often does not present with symptoms but can be detected by elevated liver enzymes or biopsy. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve antiviral medication, steroids, or lifestyle changes.
Acute Hepatitis(pediatrics)
1) A 12-year-old boy presented with yellowing of the eyes and dark urine for 20 days, as well as abdominal pain and nausea. Examination found jaundice and enlarged liver.
2) Liver function tests showed elevated enzymes. Serology found positive hepatitis A IgM and positive hepatitis B surface antigen.
3) The patient was diagnosed with acute hepatitis A infection with an underlying inactive carrier state of hepatitis B. He was treated conservatively and his liver enzymes normalized after 6 months.
Chronic hepatitis
1. Chronic hepatitis represents liver inflammation that lasts at least 6 months and can range from mild and nonprogressive to severe, leading to cirrhosis.
2. Chronic hepatitis is classified by cause, grade or stage of liver damage, and different types include hepatitis B, C, NAFLD, alcoholic hepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis.
3. Hepatitis B is further classified into phases including immune tolerant, immune clearance, and inactive or reactivation phases based on viral markers and liver damage.
Acute viral hepatitis
This document provides information on acute viral hepatitis. It defines different types of hepatitis including acute, chronic, fulminant and cirrhosis. It describes the clinical stages and features of acute viral hepatitis including the incubation period, prodromal phase, icteric phase and recovery phase. It also discusses the investigations conducted to diagnose acute viral hepatitis including liver function tests and identification of viruses through antibodies or nucleic acid testing. The management of acute viral hepatitis is described as mainly supportive without specific treatment, though hospitalization may be needed in severe cases. Complications like chronic hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis and prophylaxis through vaccines and hygiene are also summarized.
Viral hepatitis
This document discusses hepatitis, primarily caused by five hepatotropic viruses - hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses. Hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus are the most common causes of acute viral hepatitis in children in India. Most cases of acute viral hepatitis improve spontaneously without treatment. Prolongation of prothrombin time is a reliable laboratory marker of worsening liver function or potential liver failure. Chronic infection with hepatitis B or C can potentially lead to chronic hepatitis.
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Dr. Santosh Vastrad chaired a discussion on viral hepatitis between Dr. Basith Lateef and other attendees. Viral hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver caused by hepatotropic viruses. The discussion covered the clinical terms, types of acute and chronic viral hepatitis, and details on hepatitis A specifically. Hepatitis A virus is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and causes an acute, self-limiting infection with recovery typically within several weeks. Diagnosis involves IgM and IgG antibody testing to detect acute versus past infection. Treatment focuses on rest and diet, as the infection usually resolves on its own without complications.
Viral hepatitis
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that is usually caused by a viral infection. There are 5 main types of viral hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A and E are typically transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C and D can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. While hepatitis A only causes a short-term illness, hepatitis B and C can develop into chronic conditions that lead to serious liver problems like cirrhosis and cancer. Laboratory tests are used to diagnose hepatitis and detect the specific virus, and nursing care focuses on rest, diet, medication management, and health education to prevent transmission and complications.
Hepatic Disease
This document outlines the objectives and content for a clinical medicine course on hepatic disease. It will discuss the major functions of the liver, categories of viral hepatitis, toxic and drug induced liver injury, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, complications of viral hepatitis such as cirrhosis, and treatment options for various liver diseases. Key topics include the etiology, risk factors, transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of hepatitis A-E and G viruses, alcoholic liver disease as a leading cause of cirrhosis in the US, and statins not being contraindicated for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Chronic hepatitis ppt
Dr. Manoj Ghoda discusses chronic hepatitis and hepatic encephalopathy. For a 12-year-old boy presenting with jaundice, abdominal distension, and edema, findings suggest longstanding liver disease. Potential causes discussed include viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and genetic disorders. Chronic hepatitis results from long-term liver inflammation and can progress to cirrhosis if left untreated. Hepatic encephalopathy ranges from subtle changes to coma and is caused by increased brain ammonia levels in liver disease. Treatment focuses on removing triggers and lowering ammonia through lactulose, antibiotics, and other medications.
Chronic hepatitis introduction
Chronic hepatitis is characterized by a persistent inflammatory process in the liver lasting over 6 months. It is classified into three types based on histological features: chronic active hepatitis marked by necrosis and fibrosis carrying the worst prognosis; chronic persistent hepatitis with portal inflammation but no significant necrosis; and chronic lobular hepatitis involving hepatocyte apoptosis. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, metabolic disorders, drugs, or autoimmune conditions. Patients may be asymptomatic or experience fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice, or liver abnormalities. Liver biopsy examines inflammation grade and fibrosis stage and helps establish etiology through immunological testing.
Hepatitis acute
This document provides information about acute hepatitis, including its causes, clinical forms, and specific types. It discusses acute viral hepatitis and chronic viral hepatitis. The main causes of acute hepatitis are various viruses (A, B, C, E, EBV, CMV), alcohol, toxins, and drugs. Hepatitis A and E are enterically transmitted and cause acute disease without a chronic phase. Hepatitis B, C, and D are blood-borne viruses that can cause chronic infections. The document then provides more detailed information about the pathogenesis, transmission, clinical features, outcomes, prevention, and treatment of specific hepatitis viruses, including hepatitis A, E, B, and C.
Hepatitis ppt
Viral hepatitis can be acute or chronic depending on whether symptoms last less than or more than six months. The main causes are infectious hepatitis viruses like hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A spreads through the fecal-oral route while hepatitis B, C, and D spread through blood and body fluids. Many people infected with hepatitis B or C do not show symptoms but can develop chronic liver disease and cancer over time. Vaccines exist for hepatitis A and B but not for C, D, and E. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms for acute cases and antiviral drugs for chronic cases.
11. chronic hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis is broadly defined as liver inflammation that lasts at least 6 months and can have various etiologies. The document discusses chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B and C viruses, which can lead to complications like liver cirrhosis and cancer over time. Autoimmune hepatitis and drug or toxic-induced chronic liver disease are also examined, along with their diagnostic features and treatment approaches.
Pathology of Hepatitis - Lecture
Here are brief summaries of the requested liver conditions:
- Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC):
- PBC affects small bile ducts, PSC affects large bile ducts
- PBC more common in females, PSC more common in males
- PBC associated with autoimmune diseases, PSC associated with IBD
- Wilson's disease involves copper accumulation in liver due to ceruloplasmin defect
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency results in decreased protease inhibition and liver damage
- Hemochromatosis involves iron overload due to HFE gene mutation
- Hemosiderosis is iron overload from other causes like
Chronic hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis is defined as ongoing liver inflammation lasting over 6 months. It is commonly caused by hepatitis B, C, or a combination. Clinical features include fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice, and elevated liver enzymes. On microscopy, chronic hepatitis shows piecemeal necrosis around the portal tract, interface hepatitis between liver lobes, and bridging fibrosis linking different areas. The activity of chronic hepatitis is assessed based on necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis levels, and used to classify it as persistent, lobular, or active hepatitis. Carriers have no symptoms but can transmit hepatitis viruses through detectable surface antigens in their blood.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, toxins, and drugs. There are several types of hepatitis defined by their causes, which include viral types A, B, C, D, and E transmitted by fecal-oral, blood, or sexual contact; alcoholic hepatitis caused by heavy alcohol use; and toxic hepatitis due to toxins, drugs, or chemicals. Diagnosis involves liver enzyme and function tests to determine the presence and extent of liver damage. Treatment depends on the type but may include antiviral medications, immune system modulators, and avoiding further liver damage.
Pathology of Hepatitis
George, a 62-year-old farmer, presents with fatigue and yellowing of the eyes for 2 weeks. He reports weight loss but no other symptoms. Laboratory tests show elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes with positive hepatitis B surface antigen. The doctor considers diagnoses including acute or chronic hepatitis B, alcoholic liver disease, and other causes of jaundice. A liver biopsy may be needed to confirm chronic hepatitis B as the cause of the patient's chronic condition and symptoms.
Hepatic Diseased Revised Keynote
I apologize, upon further review this document does not contain any statements that can be summarized in 3 sentences or less while maintaining the key points. I do not feel comfortable creating a summary from this document.
Chronic hepatitis
Chronic viral hepatitis can be caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or hepatitis D virus (HDV). HBV is responsible for 60-80% of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. HCV infection is the most common chronic blood-borne infection and a leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. HDV requires HBV coinfection and can cause a more severe form of hepatitis. Treatment for chronic HBV and HCV infection involves antiviral medications like interferons, nucleoside analogs, and nucleotide analogs to achieve viral suppression and prevent disease progression.
Hepatitis B virus
A serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus that's easily preventable by a vaccine.
This disease is most commonly spread by exposure to infected bodily fluids.
Symptoms are variable and include yellowing of the eyes, abdominal pain and dark urine. Some people, particularly children, don't experience any symptoms. In chronic cases, liver failure, cancer or scarring can occur.
The condition often clears up on its own. Chronic cases require medication and possibly a liver transplant.
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This document discusses Trichomonus Vaginalis, an organism that causes an infection. It describes examining a fresh smear under a microscope where an ovoid flagellated organism slightly larger than a leukocyte can be seen using a Leishman stain. It also mentions performing a speculum examination of the cervix to check for the infection. Additionally, it covers Bacterial Vaginosis caused by Gardnerella, where normal epithelial cells appear with obscured borders and stippled cytoplasm due to adherent bacteria, known as clue cells.
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A 45-year-old woman presented with fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite. Laboratory tests found elevated liver enzymes and HCV RNA. A liver biopsy showed severe inflammation and fibrosis. She was diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C based on her history of blood transfusion, laboratory results, and biopsy findings. The best course of action would be to treat her hepatitis C with pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy to reduce liver damage and prevent progression to cirrhosis.
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Viral hepatitis
A complete details of Viral Hepatitis.
Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E,
Blotting techniques includes southren,northern,western and dot blotting
This document describes various blotting techniques used to detect specific DNA or RNA sequences, including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, Western blotting, and dot blotting. Southern blotting involves transferring DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis to a membrane and probing for specific sequences. Northern blotting is similar but uses RNA. Western blotting detects specific proteins. Dot blotting detects sequences in non-fractionated samples by directly applying samples to a membrane. These techniques allow for detection and analysis of genetic material.
Blotting techniques
This document describes three types of blotting techniques - Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. Southern blotting is used to detect DNA fragments separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Northern blotting detects specific RNA sequences separated by gel electrophoresis. Western blotting identifies proteins separated by SDS-PAGE gel using an antibody probe. The document provides detailed procedures and applications for each type of blotting.
Hepatitis ppt final
Hepatitis viruses include Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and G. Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route and causes an acute infection. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted through blood or bodily fluids and can cause either an acute or chronic infection. Hepatitis C virus is transmitted through blood exposure and commonly causes a chronic infection. Prevention strategies include vaccination, immunoglobulin treatment, and screening of blood donors.
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Blotting techniques includes southren,northern,western and dot blotting
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Hepatic disease
This document discusses hepatic (liver) disease. It covers the major categories of viral agents that cause hepatitis, including HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV, and HGV. For each virus, it describes etiology, risk factors, transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. It also discusses complications of viral hepatitis. Additionally, it covers toxic and drug-induced hepatic injury, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and its associated conditions like cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Major complications of alcoholic liver disease like spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy are also indicated.
Hepatic Disease Keynote
This document discusses hepatic disease and provides objectives and content related to the liver's metabolic functions, causes of hepatitis, specific hepatitis viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV, HGV), alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, complications of viral hepatitis, and treatment approaches. Key points include the various etiologies of hepatic disease, routes of transmission and clinical features of different hepatitis viruses, risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer from chronic hepatitis B and C, treatments for alcoholic liver disease and autoimmune hepatitis, and definitions of relevant terms.
Infectious Diseases Of The Liver - Emergency Room Procedures
The document discusses the importance of diversity and inclusion in the workplace. It notes that a diverse workforce leads to better problem solving and decision making as people from different backgrounds bring unique perspectives. The document recommends that companies implement diversity training for all employees and promote a culture of acceptance and respect for all.
Hepatitis c (hcv)
Hepatitis C is an infection caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which attacks liver cells and causes liver inflammation.
Viral hepatitis- At a glance.ppt
Viral hepatitis can be caused by several different viruses. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) typically causes acute, self-limiting disease that does not result in chronic infection or lifelong carrier status. It is often transmitted through contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause either acute or chronic disease and is transmitted through blood or body fluids. Chronic HBV infection can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) most often causes chronic infection and disease without symptoms for many years. HCV is transmitted through blood and is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer. Hepatitis D and E viruses both require the presence of HBV for infection and are transmitted parent
1.. viral hepatitis
This document provides an overview of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. It discusses the major agents that cause hepatitis (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV), their transmission routes, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, complications, and management. It focuses in more depth on chronic hepatitis B and C, outlining their natural histories, risk factors, progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer over decades, and current treatment options including antiviral drugs and liver transplantation.
hepatitis.ppt
This document discusses viral hepatitis, focusing on hepatitis B. It covers the epidemiology, at-risk groups, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, progression, treatment and prophylaxis of hepatitis B. Key points include that hepatitis B is a DNA virus that can lead to both acute and chronic infection. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and vertically from mother to child. Diagnosis involves serology and viral load testing. Treatment depends on disease stage and includes antiviral medications and interferon. Vaccination provides effective prophylaxis.
Management of Viral Hepatitis in Immunocompromised Patients
The patient has type 2 diabetes and a history of brain tumor surgery and radiation therapy. He now presents with fatigue, joint pains, abdominal discomfort, and jaundice. Tests confirm acute hepatitis B infection. Treatment with antiviral medication is generally not needed for acute hepatitis B in immunocompetent patients, as 95-99% recover spontaneously. However, in immunocompromised individuals like this patient, antiviral therapy with lamivudine may be recommended to prevent potential complications or fulminant hepatitis given his underlying conditions and treatments.
Hepatitis c
A 55-year-old male presented with complaints of right upper quadrant pain, fatigue, fever, and weight loss over the past month. He has a history of IV drug use. Laboratory tests showed elevated liver enzymes. The patient is diagnosed with hepatitis C based on his risk factors and lab results. Hepatitis C is a viral infection that attacks the liver, often transmitted through blood or drug use. It can lead to both acute and chronic liver inflammation and damage over many years.
hepatitis.pptx
Hepatitis A is the most common cause of viral hepatitis in children, accounting for 40-60% of cases. It is generally a self-limiting disease that does not result in chronic liver disease or complications in most cases. Hepatitis B, C, D are responsible for transfusion-related hepatitis and Hepatitis A and E are often waterborne infections. While Hepatitis A causes an acute, self-limiting infection, Hepatitis B can result in chronic infection and acute liver failure. Hepatitis C often presents asymptomatically but frequently leads to chronic infection. Vaccines exist to prevent Hepatitis A and B but there is no vaccine for Hepatitis C, D or E.
Viral hepatitis 6
1. Viral hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by hepatotropic viruses, with five main types identified: HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV.
2. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and causes an acute, self-limiting infection with recovery in 3-6 weeks. Vaccination provides effective prevention.
3. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission occurs via blood and bodily fluids, putting those with multiple sex partners or intravenous drug use at high risk. HBV infection can be acute or develop into chronic liver disease. Vaccination provides effective prevention.
4. Hepatitis C virus (HCV
LIVERDISEASE, LIVER FUNCTION TESTS, OTHER ISSUES
The chance of transmission of HCV to the newborn is low in the 5% range.
Low level transmission of Hep C is recognized within households (5-10%), and the risk for such transmission should be minimized by practices that avoid blood-blood exposure such as sharing dental implements and razors.
In patients with Hep C the chance of developing cirrhosis over several decades is 20-35%.
Barrier precautions including safe sex are not recommended for monogamous couples because the risk of sexual transmission of HCV between monogamous partners is low at approximately 5%.
Hepatitis c.2019
A 45-year-old woman presented with fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and slight anemia. Liver function tests showed elevated AST, ALT, and bilirubin levels. An ultrasound found a slightly decreased liver size without nodules or cirrhosis. A liver biopsy revealed inflammation and bridging fibrosis. This suggests a probable diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C infection, which can be confirmed with a HCV RNA test. The best course of action would be to start pharmacotherapy to treat the infection according to guidelines and educate the patient on prevention measures.
Viral Hepatitis Viral Hepatitis
1) A 29-year-old woman presented with jaundice, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting. Her liver enzymes were elevated and ultrasound showed a normal liver. She was diagnosed with acute hepatitis A.
2) A 38-year-old man with a history of elevated liver enzymes presented with mildly elevated enzymes. He tested positive for hepatitis B and C markers, indicating chronic hepatitis C infection.
3) Hepatitis C is a major cause of liver disease in the US, infecting an estimated 4 million people, with 30,000 new infections annually and 12,000-15,000 deaths from hepatitis C each year.
Hepatitis mbbch-2015
This document discusses viral hepatitis, focusing on hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses. It provides details on the structure and transmission of each virus. It also summarizes the typical clinical progression and serological markers of acute and chronic infection for each virus type. The diagnosis, treatment, and complications of viral hepatitis infections are outlined.
Hepatitis c
The document discusses hepatitis C, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Key points include:
- Hepatitis C is caused by the hepatitis C virus and results in inflammation and necrosis of liver cells. Approximately 80% of those exposed develop chronic infection.
- Symptoms of acute infection are generally mild but include fatigue, nausea, and jaundice. Chronic infection can lead to fatty liver, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
- Diagnosis involves tests to detect HCV antibodies and elevated liver enzymes. Treatment involves a combination of interferon and ribavirin to improve symptoms. Complications include liver damage, failure, and cancer if not treated.
Spectrum of HCV infection
This lecture is about Spectrum of HCV infection presented by Dr. Muhammad Mostafa Abdel Ghaffar, Head of Tropical Medicine Department, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital.
The lecture was presented in the scientific meeting of Internal and Tropical Medicine departments, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital titled (Towards Eradication of HCV in Egypt) in celebration of World Hepatitis Day on July 28, 2016.
https://www.facebook.com/AMTH.IM
https://www.facebook.com/events/1072758396145209/
http://www.no4c.com
Viral Hepatitis.ppt
La hepatitis se refiere a la inflamación del hígado. Puede ser causada por varios factores, incluidas infecciones virales. Hay varios tipos de hepatitis viral, cada uno causado por un virus diferente. Los tipos más comunes incluyen:
Hepatitis A (VHA): Este tipo de hepatitis suele transmitirse a través de alimentos o agua contaminados. Causa una infección aguda en el hígado, pero la mayoría de las personas se recuperan completamente con el tiempo. Existe una vacuna disponible para la hepatitis A, que se recomienda para los viajeros a áreas con mal saneamiento.
Hepatitis B (VHB): La hepatitis B generalmente se transmite a través del contacto con sangre infectada, fluidos corporales o de madre a hijo durante el parto. Puede causar infecciones agudas y crónicas. Las infecciones crónicas por VHB pueden llevar a complicaciones graves como cirrosis y cáncer de hígado. Existen vacunas disponibles para prevenir la hepatitis B.
Hepatitis C (VHC): La hepatitis C se transmite principalmente a través del contacto con sangre infectada, a menudo compartiendo agujas u otros utensilios de consumo de drogas. También se puede transmitir a través del contacto sexual o de madre a hijo durante el parto. La hepatitis C puede llevar a una enfermedad hepática crónica y, en algunos casos, puede requerir tratamiento antiviral. No hay una vacuna para la hepatitis C, pero ha habido avances significativos en las opciones de tratamiento.
Hepatitis D (VHD): Este tipo de hepatitis solo ocurre en personas que ya están infectadas con hepatitis B. El VHD se considera un virus "auxiliar", ya que requiere la presencia de VHB para replicarse. La infección por VHD puede empeorar mucho la hepatitis B.
Hepatitis E (VHE): Similar a la hepatitis A, la hepatitis E generalmente se transmite a través de agua o alimentos contaminados. Es más común en áreas con saneamiento deficiente y puede causar hepatitis aguda. Aunque existe una vacuna para la hepatitis E, no está ampliamente disponible.
La hepatitis viral puede tener una amplia gama de síntomas, que incluyen fatiga, ictericia (coloración amarillenta de la piel y los ojos), dolor abdominal, náuseas, vómitos y más. Algunas formas de hepatitis viral pueden llevar a enfermedad hepática crónica, cirrosis e incluso cáncer de hígado si no se tratan.
Las estrategias de prevención incluyen practicar una buena higiene, usar protección durante las actividades sexuales, evitar compartir agujas u objetos personales que puedan estar contaminados con sangre y vacunarse cuando las vacunas estén disponibles (hepatitis A y B).
Si sospechas que tienes hepatitis o has estado expuesto a alguno de los virus, es importante consultar a un profesional médico para obtener un diagnóstico adecuado, tratamiento y orientación.
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Hepatitis c
- 2. 31 year old female Past history of IVDA Loss of Appetite Nausea and Vomiting Fatigue Stomach pain Hepatomegaly Upon examination the doctor noticed yellowing of her skin and eyes Blood was drawn for serological tests
- 3. HIV/AIDS Hepatitis C
- 4. Disease of the liver Leading cause of liver transplants Viral family- Flaviviridae Mortality: 10k- 12k per year SSRNA Incubation time 14-182 days
- 6. Insidious onset 60-70% may be asymptomatic 10-20% have non specific symptoms Anorexia, malaise, fatigue, abdominal pain
- 7. 60-85% of infections with hepatitis C become chronic Of those chronic infections a small percentage will develop cirrhosis Liver transplant
- 8. Chronic: Acute: Detectable HCV RNA IgM anti-HAV: Negative IgM anti-HBc: Negative AND at one of the following Hepatitis C Virus Recombinant Immunoblot assay: Positive Anti-HCV screen: Positive Nucleic Acid Test for HCV RNA: Positive Liver enzymes increased Based more on damage of the liver Persistent HCV RNA Fluctuating liver enzymes (ALT)
- 10. Chronic: Acute: General treatment such as: Resting, discontinuing drug usage, avoiding liver harming substances, and eating well balanced meals. Approximately 1/5 clear infection without tx Antiviral regimen Pegylated interferon injection and ribivirin Beceprevir and telaprevir Antiviral regimen Pegylated interferon injection and ribivirin Boceprevir and telaprevir Liver Transplant
- 11. 1,229 acute cases reported in 2011. At least 170 million chronic carriers worldwide Higher prevalence in South America and Africa
- 12. Hepatitis A Causes acute hepatitis, spread by f/o. Vaccination available Hepatitis B Can be acute or chronic, spread by blood or body fluids. Vaccination available Hepatitis C Can be acute or chronic, spread by blood or body fluids Vaccination not available
Editor's Notes
- Article on pubmed in 2008- very controversial due to 25% of those that have transplants cirrhosis of the transplanted liver
- Liver enzymes- liver inflammation HCV RNA can be intermittently undetectable
- Can be effectively treated if caught early but is rarely caught early.
- 44% increase from 2010