Dr Geethani Galagoda, Consultant Virologist, Medical Research Institute, Colombo. Organized by the Sri Lanka College of Venereologists. Held on world hepatitis day on 28. July 2015 at BMICH
Dr Ranjith Pieris, Consultant Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist, NHSL. World Hepatitis Day was organized by the Sri Lanka College of Venereologists on world hepatitis day on 28 July 2015 at BMICH
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease.
The virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person.
240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B every year globally.
More than 686 000 people die every year due to complications of hepatitis B, including cirrhosis and liver cancer 1.
Hepatitis B is an important occupational hazard for health workers.
Dr Ranjith Pieris, Consultant Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist, NHSL. World Hepatitis Day was organized by the Sri Lanka College of Venereologists on world hepatitis day on 28 July 2015 at BMICH
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease.
The virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person.
240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B every year globally.
More than 686 000 people die every year due to complications of hepatitis B, including cirrhosis and liver cancer 1.
Hepatitis B is an important occupational hazard for health workers.
This presentation covers essential information about viral hepatitis, with and emphasis on types A, B & C; prevention strategies; current screening and treatment recommendations; and links to informational videos for further study. Presented by Boatemaa Ntiri-Reid, JD, MPH, Chief, Center for Viral Hepatitis and Kirstie L. Neal, MPH, Adult Viral Hepatitis Prevention Coordinator for the Maryland Department of Health.
Dr Ajith Karawita, President of the Sri Lanka College of Venereologists. World Hepatitis Day was organized by the Sri Lanka College of Venereologists on world hepatitis day on 28 July 2015 at BMICH
Hepatitis And Hiv Co Infection Tonia Poteat 060508elfaye
A presentation by Tonia Poteat from the CDC Global AIDS Project on the topic of Hepatitis B & C and HIV Co-infection. This webcast was presented live to ECHO (Evaluation Center for HIV and Oral Health) grantees on June 5, 2008.
Hepatitis is generally refer to inflammation of liver, it is resulted from infectious causes (such as viral, bacterial and fungal causes ) or noninfectious ( such as alcohol drugs, autoimmune diseases and metabolic diseases) , in this research , I’m going to focus on viral hepatitis because it is the most common cause of acute hepatitis in USA ( 50% of cases ).
The commonness and important viruses that cause viral hepatitis are (A,B,C,D,E) types, approximately 4.4 million Americans are currently living with chronic hepatitis B and C.
Dr Paba Palihawadana, Chief Epidemiologist, World Hepatitis Day symposium was organized by the Sri Lanka College of Venereologists on world hepatitis day on 28. July 2015 at BMICH
Hepatitis B & C - the Basics for Primary CareJarrod Lee
This presentation covers the basics in Hepatitis B & C, and is aimed at primary care physicians who may encounter such patients. It focuses mainly on the natural history, how to diagnose and monitor the disease, and when to refer to a specialist.
Types of hepatitis
HEPATITIS - symptoms
How To Diagnose Hepatitis?
Treatment
Main Prevention Measures for Hepatitis B and C
Hepatitis in Pregnant Women
Oral Manifestations of Hepatitis
Management of patients with hepatitis B and C infection in dental office
In this presentation, we will provide General Information on Treatment of Hepatitis C which are available.
Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. The virus can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis infection, ranging in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness.
This presentation covers essential information about viral hepatitis, with and emphasis on types A, B & C; prevention strategies; current screening and treatment recommendations; and links to informational videos for further study. Presented by Boatemaa Ntiri-Reid, JD, MPH, Chief, Center for Viral Hepatitis and Kirstie L. Neal, MPH, Adult Viral Hepatitis Prevention Coordinator for the Maryland Department of Health.
Dr Ajith Karawita, President of the Sri Lanka College of Venereologists. World Hepatitis Day was organized by the Sri Lanka College of Venereologists on world hepatitis day on 28 July 2015 at BMICH
Hepatitis And Hiv Co Infection Tonia Poteat 060508elfaye
A presentation by Tonia Poteat from the CDC Global AIDS Project on the topic of Hepatitis B & C and HIV Co-infection. This webcast was presented live to ECHO (Evaluation Center for HIV and Oral Health) grantees on June 5, 2008.
Hepatitis is generally refer to inflammation of liver, it is resulted from infectious causes (such as viral, bacterial and fungal causes ) or noninfectious ( such as alcohol drugs, autoimmune diseases and metabolic diseases) , in this research , I’m going to focus on viral hepatitis because it is the most common cause of acute hepatitis in USA ( 50% of cases ).
The commonness and important viruses that cause viral hepatitis are (A,B,C,D,E) types, approximately 4.4 million Americans are currently living with chronic hepatitis B and C.
Dr Paba Palihawadana, Chief Epidemiologist, World Hepatitis Day symposium was organized by the Sri Lanka College of Venereologists on world hepatitis day on 28. July 2015 at BMICH
Hepatitis B & C - the Basics for Primary CareJarrod Lee
This presentation covers the basics in Hepatitis B & C, and is aimed at primary care physicians who may encounter such patients. It focuses mainly on the natural history, how to diagnose and monitor the disease, and when to refer to a specialist.
Types of hepatitis
HEPATITIS - symptoms
How To Diagnose Hepatitis?
Treatment
Main Prevention Measures for Hepatitis B and C
Hepatitis in Pregnant Women
Oral Manifestations of Hepatitis
Management of patients with hepatitis B and C infection in dental office
In this presentation, we will provide General Information on Treatment of Hepatitis C which are available.
Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. The virus can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis infection, ranging in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness.
viral markers in diagnosis monitoring and treatment of hepatitis b and c.pptxPathKind Labs
Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus infections are transmitted by parentral route. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent cirrhosis of liver in HCV cases as drugs which can cure the infection are now available.
Chair, Paul Kwo, MD, AGAF, FACG, FAASLD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to hepatitis B for this CME/MOC activity titled “HBV Is Primary! Your Role in the ‘Call to Action’ to Eliminate Viral Hepatitis By 2030.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/MOC information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3EYVafQ. CME/MOC credit will be available until March 21, 2024.
India Diagnostic Labs Market: Dynamics, Key Players, and Industry Projections...Kumar Satyam
According to the TechSci Research report titled “India Diagnostic Labs Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Diagnostic Labs Market was valued at USD 16,471.21 million in 2023 and is projected to grow at an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.55% through 2029. This significant growth can be attributed to various factors, including collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, the expansion of diagnostic chains, and increasing accessibility to diagnostic services across the country. This comprehensive report delves into the market dynamics, recent trends, drivers, competitive landscape, and benefits of the research report, providing a detailed analysis of the India Diagnostic Labs Market.
Collaborations and Partnerships
Collaborations and partnerships among leading companies play a pivotal role in driving the growth of the India Diagnostic Labs Market. These strategic alliances allow companies to merge their expertise, strengthen their market positions, and offer innovative solutions. By combining resources, companies can enhance their research and development capabilities, expand their product portfolios, and improve their distribution networks. These collaborations also facilitate the sharing of technological advancements and best practices, contributing to the overall growth of the market.
Expansion of Diagnostic Chains
The expansion of diagnostic chains is a driving force behind the growing demand for diagnostic lab services. Diagnostic chains often establish multiple laboratories and diagnostic centers in various cities and regions, including urban and rural areas. This expanded network makes diagnostic services more accessible to a larger portion of the population, addressing healthcare disparities and reaching underserved populations. The presence of diagnostic chain facilities in multiple locations within a city or region provides convenience for patients, reducing travel time and effort. A broader network of labs often leads to reduced waiting times for appointments and sample collection, ensuring that patients receive timely and efficient diagnostic services.
Rising Prevalence of Chronic Diseases
The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is a significant driver for the demand for diagnostic lab services. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer require regular monitoring and diagnostic testing for effective management. The rise in chronic diseases necessitates the use of advanced diagnostic tools and technologies, driving the growth of the diagnostic labs market. Additionally, early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial for managing chronic diseases, further boosting the demand for diagnostic lab services.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
This document is designed as an introductory to medical students,nursing students,midwives or other healthcare trainees to improve their understanding about how health system in Sri Lanka cares children health.
For those battling kidney disease and exploring treatment options, understanding when to consider a kidney transplant is crucial. This guide aims to provide valuable insights into the circumstances under which a kidney transplant at the renowned Hiranandani Hospital may be the most appropriate course of action. By addressing the key indicators and factors involved, we hope to empower patients and their families to make informed decisions about their kidney care journey.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
World Hepatitis Day 2015: Diagnosis and vaccination 2015
1. Diagnosis and vaccination
Dr Geethani Galagoda
Consultant Virologist
Medical Research Institute
Symposium on Hepatitis Prevention
Hepatitis Day 2015
2. Points at which laboratory can contribute
• Screening for infection
• Diagnosis of infection
• Staging of disease severity
• Decision on treatment
▫ Before
▫ During
▫ After
3. Markers of hepatitis B
• Samples: serum or plasma
• Antigens
▫ Hepatitis B surface Antigen
▫ Hepatitis B e antigen
▫ Hepatitis B core antigen – not seen in blood
• Antibody
▫ Hepatitis B surface antibody
▫ Hepatitis B e antibody
▫ Hepatitis B core antibody (IgM and total)
4. HBV DNA – 10-20 d
after exposure
HBsAg 30 d after
exposure
5. Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg)
• First serological marker – 3-5 weeks (30 d) after
exposure, before hepatic injury
• Acute infection – cleared in 6 months
• Chronic infection – if persists after 6 months
• Transient positivity seen for 18 days after vaccination
6. Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg)
• Related to core antigen (soluble nucleo-capsid antigen)
• Indicates active viral replication (HBV DNA > 100,000 –
1 million IU/ml)
• Highly infectious
• Greater risk of progression to liver disease
• Mutant forms do not have HBeAg
• Management depends on the presence of
HBeAg
7. Hepatitis B core Antibody (HBcAb)
• First antibody to appear, before liver injury
• Does not neutralise virus
• IgM – recent infection, reactivation of chronic hepatitis
• IgG – persists for life
▫ With HBsAb – recovery from natural infection
▫ Alone
Window period
False positive
Immune with low levels of HBsAb
Chronic infection with low levels of HBsAg
Reactivation
8. Hepatitis B e Antibody (HBeAb)
• Appears with clearing of HBeAg
• After a few weeks
• Shows low infectivity
• Good prognosis to disease
9. Hepatitis B surface Antibody (HBsAb)
• Last antibody to appear
• Alone – after vaccination (protective level ≥ 10 IU/L)
• Indicates immunity to infection with Hepatitis B
• With HBcAb (total) – after recovery from natural
infection
10. Molecular assays
• Hepatitis B DNA
▫ Qualitative
▫ Quantitative
• Methods
▫ Conventional and Real Time PCR assay
11. Diagnosis of acute hepatitis B
• Initial testing - HBsAg
• Followed by HB core IgM antibody and HBeAg
• If HBeAg negative – HBeAb
12. Follow up assay
• Acute infection – repeat HBsAg 6 months after
• To exclude chronic infection
• Persistence of HBsAg after 6 months – chronic
infection
• Chronic infection – HBeAg followed by HBeAb
• DNA viral load assay
13. DNA viral load assay
• Correlates with circulating viral particles
• Either measured as copies / ml or IU / ml
• Detection limit should be 15 IU / ml
• Treatment recommended if HBV DNA - > 20,000 IU / ml
14. Follow up
• Patients not on treatment
▫ HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT levels and DNA viral load assay annually
• Patients on treatment
▫ HBsAg, HBeAg, DNA viral load assay every 3 months
• Discontinuation of treatment
▫ HBsAg, HBeAg, DNA viral load assay every 3 months for the
first year
Guidelines for the prevention, care and treatment of
patients with chronic hepatitis B infection WHO March 2015
15. Diagnosis of HCV
• HCV antibody (positive 1-6 months after
infection)
• All anti-HCV positive patients
▫ HCV RNA for confirmation
▫ Viral load assay
▫ Genotyping
16. Treatment of HCV
• HCV RNA testing at initiation of treatment
• Dual therapy
▫ Baseline, 4, 12, 24 weeks, end of treatment, 12 and 24
weeks after therapy
• Follow up
▫ Annual or more frequent HCV RNA assays for patients
with SVR
EASL Clinical guidelines: Management of
hepatitis C virus infection 2014
18. Hepatitis B - Populations at risk
• Health care workers
• Patients
▫ Multi transfused patients / Chronic haemodialysis / Treatment for
malignancy
• People with high risk sexual behaviour
▫ Commercial sex workers / MSM
• Intravenous drug users
• Inmates of mental health / long term care institutions
• Prisoners
• Family contacts of carriers
• Armed forces / Police
19. Prophylaxis - (specific prevention)
Vaccine - long term protection
plasma derived / recombinant
comparable efficacy & safety
HBIG - short term protection
20. NBTS 24/05/07
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin
• Human plasma with high titer of Hep B antibody
• Given with hepatitis B vaccine
• Not for treatment of hepatitis B
• Given within 48 hours, (up to a week), Depending on body
weight
• Different site from vaccine – antero-lateral thigh
• Do not give intra-venously
21. NBTS 24/05/07
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin cntd.
• Indications
▫ Parenteral exposure, before starting vaccination
▫ Neonates whose mothers are HBeAg positive
▫ Known non-responders
• CI - bleeding disorder
• Pregnancy?
• SE – very rare
22. Pre Exposure Prophylaxis
• Given before exposure to high risk groups
• Pre vaccination screening is not essential
• 3 doses at 0, 1, 6 months
• Check for Anti HBs 1 – 2 months after the 3rd dose
• Routine booster doses & regular testing not recommended
• Transient HBsAg positivity after vaccination
23. • CI – anaphylaxis to a component
• Safe in pregnancy & breast feeding
• Adverse effects
▫ fever, rash, malaise
▫ GBS
• Response - >100 mIU / ml preferable
▫ >= 10 mIU / ml accepted as adequate
▫ <10 mIU / ml - susceptible
24. Pre Exposure Prophylaxis contd.
Anti HBs positive - responder (>=10 mIU/ml)
Anti HBs negative
check for HBsAg
HBsAg positive
Carrier - counsel
HBsAg negative
Repeat 3 doses of
vaccine (1 month apart)
Check for Anti HBs
25. Pre Exposure Prophylaxis contd.
Following two courses of vaccine
Anti HBs positive - responder (45 – 100%)
Anti HBs negative - primary non-responder
• Precautions to avoid exposure
• HBIG foll. known exposure to HBsAg + source
27. Post Exposure Prophylaxis
• Given within 48 hours, (up to a week)
• Following known / possible exposure
• Vaccine with or without HBIG used
• Depending on
▫ Vaccination & antibody status of the recipient
▫ HBsAg status of the source
• Needs specific advice
28. Neonatal transmission - prevention
In all other situations -
• HBIG
▫ Within 12 hours after birth, 0.5 ml IM
• Followed by vaccination – 3 doses
▫ Birth – within 12 hours after birth, 1 month, 6 months
▫ With EPI in Sri Lanka - at birth, 1, 2 and 12 months
Management depends on maternal HBsAg
and HBeAg status
If mother is HBeAg negative and HBeAb positive
•Hepatitis B vaccine - within 12 hours after birth, 1 month, 6
months
29. Vaccination policy in Sri Lanka
• Childhood vaccination at 2,4,6 months – WHO
recommendation – Birth dose with 2 or 3 follow up doses
• Vaccination of health care workers
• Vaccination of other high risk groups
▫ Multi-transfused patients
▫ Patients undergoing chemotherapy
▫ Patients undergoing haemodialysis
▫ Household contacts of carriers