HCV is a heterogeneous virus with 11 known genotypes that causes hepatitis and can lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer. It enters liver cells by attaching to receptors and fusing with the cell membrane, then replicates by translating its RNA into viral proteins and using its own replication machinery to make new viral RNA and package new virus particles. Diagnosis can be difficult because primary infection may be asymptomatic, so additional virological tests are needed beyond normal liver enzyme levels. Current treatments include ribavirin with protease inhibitors like telaprevir or NS5B inhibitors like sofosbuvir, but treatment length depends on virus genotype and can have side effects.

2. . HCV ( hepatitis c virus)
. 20% of Hepatitis disease have HCV 50%
. chronic
cirrhosis.
. hepatitis carcinoma
. HCV is heterogeneous genome sequences (11 genome
type ) similarity in life cycle

3. :structure

4. Life cycle

5. 1. entry “attachment” virion + SR
2. Fusion nucleo capsid + endosome
free viral nucleus
3. un coating free genetic material (+ ssRNA)
4. translation by host ribosome aa. Its own protein
(poly protein) arrangement 1. structural “ surface
protein” 2. non structural “replication complex”
5. Replication complex “+ssRNA” to “–ssRNA”
which act as template many “+ssRNA”
6. packaging by enosome in Golgi apparatus virus
7. release lipid droplet entering to another
liver cell

6. Diagnosis ……….. why ?????
Prevent viral progression & its spread
.Primary HCV infected patient are asymptomatic
have normal serum alanine aminotransferase
level
So ….
making another virological tests

8. . PR “plus ribavirin”
not ideal has side effect “48 week”
If knowing life cycle making numerous effective
treatments
1. teloprevir work on protease enzyme
(replication) work on
genotype 1 24 /28

9. 2. Sofo buvir Work on HCV NS5B enzyme
(replication)
12w on geno type “1/2/4” 24w geno type 3
Factors
1 Virus
genotype
response
host
obisity
fibrous
age