Hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatitis B is spread when blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person infected with the virus enters the body of someone who is not infected.

2. SUBMITTED BY
NAME- BINUKA DAHAL
ROLL NO- 11
LEVEL- PCL NURSING ,2nd
YEAR ,11th BATCH
SUBJECT- MEDICAL AND
SURGICALNURSING- I
SUBMITTEDTO
 MS. REKHA GURUNG

3. HEPATITIS BVIRUS
Presented By- Binuka Dahal

4.  Introduction
 Structure of the virus
 Epidemiology
 Type
 Pathophysiology
 Mode of transmission
 sign and symptoms
 Investigation
 Treatment
 Prevention
 Medical management
 Nursing management

5.  It is a viral infection of the liver caused by
hepatitis B virus.
Its incubation period is- from 30 -180 days i.e
(8-12 weeks)

7.  About 2 million people are infected with
HBV infection worldwide.
 Around 2 million people are living with
chronic HBV infection.

8. Acute hepatitis B
 Acute hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused
by HBV, which develops within 6 month after
entering virus into organism.
 Disease has symptomatic ( with jaundice or
without jaundice), asymptomatic course.

9. Chronic Hepatitis B
 Chronic hepatitis B is a chronic infection
caused by HBV which develops after 6 month
from acute phase of infection.
 It is characterized with non-specific clinical
features.

10. HBV
Transmission by sexual contact,blood,birth
Entry of virus in hepatocyte(liver cell)
Activation of Immune response
Activated immune system attacks hepatocyte
Destruction of hepatocyte
HB- Liver failure

11. Major transmission- Sex, Blood,perinatal
 Perinatal transmission(spread from mother to child
at birth)
 Needle stick injury
 Tattoing
 Piercing(a small hole in a part of body, typically
other than ears, nose to insert ring)
 Exposure to infected blood and bodyfluids, such as
saliva and menstrual, vaginal and seminal fluid(fluid
from prostate and sex gland that helps to transport
sperm during orgasm.

12.  Multiple sex partner or contact with sex
worker.
 Syringe either in health care setting.
 Note-HBV is not transmitted by air,droplets,
vectors or from animal.

13.  Fever
 Dark urine
 Extreme fatigue
 Nausea and vomiting
 Abdominal pain
 Loss of appetite
 Yellowing of the skin and eye(jaundice)

16.  Blood test:
HBsAg+-the person is currently infected with HBV
and is able to pass the infection to others.
HBeAg+-indicate the blood and bodyfluids of the
infected individual are highly infectious.
 Liver ultrasound-show amount of liver damage..
 Liver biopsy- remove a sample from liver to check
for a liver damage. During this test doctor insert thin
needle through skin to the liver and removes a tissue
sample for laboratory analysis.

17.  Antiviral medications. Several antiviral medications
— including entecavir (Baraclude), tenofovir (Viread),
lamivudine (Epivir), adefovir (Hepsera) and telbivudine
(Tyzeka) — can help fight the virus and slow its ability to
damage your liver.These drugs are taken by mouth.
 Liver transplant.If liver has been severely damaged, a
liver transplant may be an option. During a liver
transplant, the surgeon removes damaged liver and
replaces it with a healthy liver.

18.  If you have been exposed to hepatitis B virus and
have not received the hepatitis B vaccine in the
past, you should get 1 dose of HBIg. HBIg works
best if given as soon as possible and within 14
days after exposure to the hepatitis B virus.

22. THANKYOU