Heartbleed, how it works, is it virus, how it check, smartphone hacked, how to protect, password hacked, man in the middle attack, server or client side attack, exploit code available,
Heartbleed is a serious vulnerability in OpenSSL cryptographic software that allows stealing information protected by SSL/TLS encryption. It allows attackers to read portions of servers' memory, compromising private keys and stealing users' passwords and session cookies. The flaw was due to a mistake in Robin Seggelmann's 2011 implementation of the TLS heartbeat extension that failed to check for memory overreads. It was not discovered until April 2014 and impacted around 17% of internet servers before being patched. The Heartbleed bug allowed compromising secret keys, private content, and impersonating services and users.
- The Heartbleed bug disclosed in 2014 allowed hackers to access sensitive data from vulnerable OpenSSL servers. It was caused by a failure to implement proper input validation in the OpenSSL TLS heartbeat extension. This allowed attackers to retrieve up to 64KB of server memory with each request, potentially exposing private keys, user credentials, and other confidential information. Upgrading to OpenSSL 1.0.1g resolved the vulnerability by implementing the missing bounds check.
Introduction to Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Tunnel Layer Security (TLS). Shows basic principle of SSL and also little bit of practical applicability.
EDR, ETDR, Next Gen AV is all the rage, so why am I ENRAGED?Michael Gough
This document discusses the presenter's testing of various EDR and EPP solutions using three malware samples. Key findings include:
1) Many solutions failed to detect infections, even those detected by the presenter's IPS. Detection was weakest for "fileless" Kovter and morphing Dridex malware.
2) Solutions provided inadequate details to fully remediate infections. The presenter's own LOG-MD tool outperformed EDR solutions in revealing infection artifacts.
3) Based on the results, the presenter recommends that EDR tools integrate capabilities to remotely run third-party tools like LOG-MD for more thorough investigations. Simpler consoles are also needed to distribute workload across security
Cross Site Scripting (XSS) is a vulnerability that allows malicious users to insert client-side code into web pages that is then executed by a user's browser. This code can steal cookies, access private information, perform actions on the user's behalf, and redirect them to malicious websites. XSS works by having the server display input containing malicious JavaScript from a request. There are different types of XSS attacks, including non-persistent, persistent, and DOM-based attacks. Prevention methods include validating, sanitizing, and escaping all user input on the server-side and client-side. Web vulnerability scanners like Burp Suite can help test for XSS and other vulnerabilities.
Cross site scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications, but in proposing defensive measures for cross site scripting the websites validate the user input and determine if they are vulnerable to cross site scripting. The major considerations are input validation and output sanitization.
There are lots of defense techniques introduced nowadays and even though the coding methods used by developers are evolving to counter attack cross site scripting techniques, still the security threat persist in many web applications for the following reasons:
• The complexity of implementing the codes or methods.
• Non-existence of input data validation and output sanitization in all input fields of the application.
• Lack of knowledge in identifying hidden XSS issues etc.
This proposed project report will briefly discuss what cross site scripting is and highlight the security features and defense techniques that can help against this widely versatile attack.
Cross Site Scripting (XSS) is a type of vulnerability that allows attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users. There are three main types: persistent XSS saves the attack script on the server; reflected XSS executes a script based on user-supplied input; and DOM-based XSS occurs when active browser content processes untrusted user input. Attackers use XSS to steal session cookies or other private information that can be used to impersonate users.
Heartbleed is a serious vulnerability in OpenSSL cryptographic software that allows stealing information protected by SSL/TLS encryption. It allows attackers to read portions of servers' memory, compromising private keys and stealing users' passwords and session cookies. The flaw was due to a mistake in Robin Seggelmann's 2011 implementation of the TLS heartbeat extension that failed to check for memory overreads. It was not discovered until April 2014 and impacted around 17% of internet servers before being patched. The Heartbleed bug allowed compromising secret keys, private content, and impersonating services and users.
- The Heartbleed bug disclosed in 2014 allowed hackers to access sensitive data from vulnerable OpenSSL servers. It was caused by a failure to implement proper input validation in the OpenSSL TLS heartbeat extension. This allowed attackers to retrieve up to 64KB of server memory with each request, potentially exposing private keys, user credentials, and other confidential information. Upgrading to OpenSSL 1.0.1g resolved the vulnerability by implementing the missing bounds check.
Introduction to Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Tunnel Layer Security (TLS). Shows basic principle of SSL and also little bit of practical applicability.
EDR, ETDR, Next Gen AV is all the rage, so why am I ENRAGED?Michael Gough
This document discusses the presenter's testing of various EDR and EPP solutions using three malware samples. Key findings include:
1) Many solutions failed to detect infections, even those detected by the presenter's IPS. Detection was weakest for "fileless" Kovter and morphing Dridex malware.
2) Solutions provided inadequate details to fully remediate infections. The presenter's own LOG-MD tool outperformed EDR solutions in revealing infection artifacts.
3) Based on the results, the presenter recommends that EDR tools integrate capabilities to remotely run third-party tools like LOG-MD for more thorough investigations. Simpler consoles are also needed to distribute workload across security
Cross Site Scripting (XSS) is a vulnerability that allows malicious users to insert client-side code into web pages that is then executed by a user's browser. This code can steal cookies, access private information, perform actions on the user's behalf, and redirect them to malicious websites. XSS works by having the server display input containing malicious JavaScript from a request. There are different types of XSS attacks, including non-persistent, persistent, and DOM-based attacks. Prevention methods include validating, sanitizing, and escaping all user input on the server-side and client-side. Web vulnerability scanners like Burp Suite can help test for XSS and other vulnerabilities.
Cross site scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications, but in proposing defensive measures for cross site scripting the websites validate the user input and determine if they are vulnerable to cross site scripting. The major considerations are input validation and output sanitization.
There are lots of defense techniques introduced nowadays and even though the coding methods used by developers are evolving to counter attack cross site scripting techniques, still the security threat persist in many web applications for the following reasons:
• The complexity of implementing the codes or methods.
• Non-existence of input data validation and output sanitization in all input fields of the application.
• Lack of knowledge in identifying hidden XSS issues etc.
This proposed project report will briefly discuss what cross site scripting is and highlight the security features and defense techniques that can help against this widely versatile attack.
Cross Site Scripting (XSS) is a type of vulnerability that allows attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users. There are three main types: persistent XSS saves the attack script on the server; reflected XSS executes a script based on user-supplied input; and DOM-based XSS occurs when active browser content processes untrusted user input. Attackers use XSS to steal session cookies or other private information that can be used to impersonate users.
OS command injection vulnerabilities occur when user input is not sanitized before being passed to a shell command interpreter. This allows attackers to inject arbitrary commands that will be executed by the server, potentially compromising the server or application data. Command injection vulnerabilities are serious because they may enable attackers to use the server as a platform for launching attacks against other systems. Commix is an open source tool that can detect and exploit command injection vulnerabilities.
Secure coding is the practice of developing software securely by avoiding security vulnerabilities. It involves understanding the application's attack surface and using techniques like input validation, secure authentication, access control, and encrypting sensitive data. The OWASP organization provides free tools and guidelines to help developers code securely, such as their Top 10 security risks and cheat sheets on issues like injection, authentication, and access control. Developers should use static and dynamic application security testing tools to identify vulnerabilities and continuously learn about secure coding best practices.
This presentation will provide an overview of what a penetration test is, why companies pay for them, and what role they play in most IT security programs. It will also include a brief overview of the common skill sets and tools used by today’s security professionals. Finally, it will offer some basic advice for getting started in penetration testing. This should be interesting to aspiring pentesters trying to gain a better understanding of how penetration testing fits into the larger IT security world.
Additional resources can be found in the blog below:
https://www.netspi.com/blog/entryid/140/resources-for-aspiring-penetration-testers
More security blogs by the authors can be found @
https://www.netspi.com/blog/
SSL and TLS are cryptographic protocols that provide secure communication on the internet. They use public/private key encryption to authenticate servers and establish encrypted connections. While similar, TLS is the standardized successor to SSL. Key differences include TLS using HMAC for integrity checking and having additional alert codes not found in SSL. Both protocols operate at the transport layer and provide data confidentiality, integrity, and server authentication.
Cross site scripting (xss) attacks issues and defense - by sandeep kumbharSandeep Kumbhar
Introduction
Impact of XSS attacks
Types of XSS attacks
Detection of XSS attacks
Prevention of XSS attacks
At client side
At Server-side
Conclusion
References
The document provides an overview of the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP). It discusses what OWASP is, the free resources it provides like publications, tools, and local chapters. It outlines some of OWASP's major publications like the OWASP Top 10 and Testing Guide. It also demonstrates the WebScarab and WebGoat tools. Finally, it describes the goals and offerings of the OWASP Cincinnati local chapter.
An XSS attack is a type of vulnerability that allows malicious scripts to be injected into web pages viewed by other users. There are three main types: reflected XSS occurs when a link containing malicious code is clicked; stored XSS injects code directly into a vulnerable website, potentially affecting many users; DOM-based XSS involves injecting code into a website hosted on a user's local system, allowing the attacker to access that user's browser privileges. The document provides examples of how XSS attacks work and can be used to hijack accounts, insert hostile content, steal cookies, and redirect users.
Do you understand how the Heartbleed bug works? This set of slides provides a simple explanation of the year's most critical Internet security flaw and explains how you can protect yourself.
This document provides an overview of cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks. It discusses how CSRF works, forcing victims to perform actions on a website without their knowledge. Common defenses like using nonces or CAPTCHAs are described. The document also covers how to validate if an issue is truly a CSRF vulnerability and lists some example attack vectors. Key takeaways emphasize the importance of validating any potential CSRF issue affects state, is sensitive, and has non-unique requests.
Introduction of Ethical Hacking, Life cycle of Hacking, Introduction of Penetration testing, Steps in Penetration Testing, Foot printing Module, Scanning Module, Live Demos on Finding Vulnerabilities a) Bypass Authentication b) Sql Injection c) Cross site Scripting d) File upload Vulnerability (Web Server Hacking) Countermeasures of Securing Web applications
Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing Report Rishabh Upadhyay
This document is Rishabh Upadhyay's bachelor's project on ethical hacking and penetration testing. It includes an acknowledgements section thanking those who provided guidance. The project aims to penetration test the local area network of the University of Allahabad, map the network, identify important hosts and services, and demonstrate some attacks. It also includes developing a simple network scanner program. The document is divided into multiple parts covering introductions to topics like hackers vs ethical hackers and penetration testing methodology, as well as a vulnerability assessment report from testing the university's network.
This document discusses DNS spoofing attacks. It defines DNS as the internet's equivalent of a phone book that translates domain names to IP addresses. It describes several types of DNS attacks including denial of service attacks and DNS amplification attacks. It explains how DNS spoofing works by introducing corrupt DNS data that causes the name server to return an incorrect IP address, diverting traffic to the attacker. The document also discusses ways to prevent DNS spoofing such as using DNSSEC to add cryptographic signatures to DNS records and verifying responses.
This whitepaper describes a vulnerability in older versions of the PHP upload module in FCKEditor (now CKeditor) that allows attackers to bypass file type checks and upload malicious PHP code. The vulnerability affects FCKEditor versions 2.6.4 and below. Attackers can exploit it by appending a null byte to the "current folder" parameter, which tricks the server into creating a PHP file instead of a text file. This allows execution of arbitrary code and full compromise of vulnerable servers. Updating to the latest FCKEditor version or modifying the "currentfolder" parameter are recommended to resolve the issue.
Eternal Blue was a cyberattack exploit developed by the NSA that was leaked in 2017 and used in several ransomware attacks. It allowed remote code execution via SMBv1 by exploiting three bugs related to incorrect data type casting, transaction parsing, and memory allocation. While patches were released, many systems remained unpatched, allowing the widespread use of Eternal Blue in attacks like WannaCry and NotPetya.
These slides were presented at GDG MeetUp in Bangalore which was held on 21st September 2013. Uploading the slides to help the people who wanted the slide Deck
This document discusses various web application security vulnerabilities including Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF), clickjacking, and open redirects. CSRF involves forcing unauthorized requests to a web application to perform actions on the user's behalf. Clickjacking involves tricking a user into clicking something different than what they see. Open redirects can allow attackers to redirect users to malicious sites.
Introduction to Web Application Penetration TestingNetsparker
These slides give an introduction to all the different things and stages that make a complete web application penetration test. It starts from the very basics, including how to define a Scope of Engagement.
These slides are part of the course Introduction to Web Application Security and Penetration Testing with Netsparker, which can be found here: https://www.netsparker.com/blog/web-security/introduction-web-application-penetration-testing/
SSL is an acronym for Secure Sockets Layer. It is a protocol used for authenticating and encrypting web traffic. For web traffic to be authenticated means that your browser is able to verify the identity of the remote server.
An introduction to The Heartbleed Vulnerability. Considered to be the worst horror of the internet age, this flaw and its discovery changed the way people thought about implementing Open source standards.
Heartbleed is a serious vulnerability in OpenSSL cryptographic software that allows stealing information protected by SSL/TLS encryption. It allows attackers to read portions of servers' memory, compromising private keys and stealing users' passwords and session cookies. The flaw was due to a mistake in Robin Seggelmann's 2011 implementation of the TLS Heartbeat Extension that failed to check for buffer overflows. It was not discovered until April 2014 and impacted around 17% of internet servers before being patched. The vulnerability, named Heartbleed, had the potential to compromise private communication data.
OS command injection vulnerabilities occur when user input is not sanitized before being passed to a shell command interpreter. This allows attackers to inject arbitrary commands that will be executed by the server, potentially compromising the server or application data. Command injection vulnerabilities are serious because they may enable attackers to use the server as a platform for launching attacks against other systems. Commix is an open source tool that can detect and exploit command injection vulnerabilities.
Secure coding is the practice of developing software securely by avoiding security vulnerabilities. It involves understanding the application's attack surface and using techniques like input validation, secure authentication, access control, and encrypting sensitive data. The OWASP organization provides free tools and guidelines to help developers code securely, such as their Top 10 security risks and cheat sheets on issues like injection, authentication, and access control. Developers should use static and dynamic application security testing tools to identify vulnerabilities and continuously learn about secure coding best practices.
This presentation will provide an overview of what a penetration test is, why companies pay for them, and what role they play in most IT security programs. It will also include a brief overview of the common skill sets and tools used by today’s security professionals. Finally, it will offer some basic advice for getting started in penetration testing. This should be interesting to aspiring pentesters trying to gain a better understanding of how penetration testing fits into the larger IT security world.
Additional resources can be found in the blog below:
https://www.netspi.com/blog/entryid/140/resources-for-aspiring-penetration-testers
More security blogs by the authors can be found @
https://www.netspi.com/blog/
SSL and TLS are cryptographic protocols that provide secure communication on the internet. They use public/private key encryption to authenticate servers and establish encrypted connections. While similar, TLS is the standardized successor to SSL. Key differences include TLS using HMAC for integrity checking and having additional alert codes not found in SSL. Both protocols operate at the transport layer and provide data confidentiality, integrity, and server authentication.
Cross site scripting (xss) attacks issues and defense - by sandeep kumbharSandeep Kumbhar
Introduction
Impact of XSS attacks
Types of XSS attacks
Detection of XSS attacks
Prevention of XSS attacks
At client side
At Server-side
Conclusion
References
The document provides an overview of the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP). It discusses what OWASP is, the free resources it provides like publications, tools, and local chapters. It outlines some of OWASP's major publications like the OWASP Top 10 and Testing Guide. It also demonstrates the WebScarab and WebGoat tools. Finally, it describes the goals and offerings of the OWASP Cincinnati local chapter.
An XSS attack is a type of vulnerability that allows malicious scripts to be injected into web pages viewed by other users. There are three main types: reflected XSS occurs when a link containing malicious code is clicked; stored XSS injects code directly into a vulnerable website, potentially affecting many users; DOM-based XSS involves injecting code into a website hosted on a user's local system, allowing the attacker to access that user's browser privileges. The document provides examples of how XSS attacks work and can be used to hijack accounts, insert hostile content, steal cookies, and redirect users.
Do you understand how the Heartbleed bug works? This set of slides provides a simple explanation of the year's most critical Internet security flaw and explains how you can protect yourself.
This document provides an overview of cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks. It discusses how CSRF works, forcing victims to perform actions on a website without their knowledge. Common defenses like using nonces or CAPTCHAs are described. The document also covers how to validate if an issue is truly a CSRF vulnerability and lists some example attack vectors. Key takeaways emphasize the importance of validating any potential CSRF issue affects state, is sensitive, and has non-unique requests.
Introduction of Ethical Hacking, Life cycle of Hacking, Introduction of Penetration testing, Steps in Penetration Testing, Foot printing Module, Scanning Module, Live Demos on Finding Vulnerabilities a) Bypass Authentication b) Sql Injection c) Cross site Scripting d) File upload Vulnerability (Web Server Hacking) Countermeasures of Securing Web applications
Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing Report Rishabh Upadhyay
This document is Rishabh Upadhyay's bachelor's project on ethical hacking and penetration testing. It includes an acknowledgements section thanking those who provided guidance. The project aims to penetration test the local area network of the University of Allahabad, map the network, identify important hosts and services, and demonstrate some attacks. It also includes developing a simple network scanner program. The document is divided into multiple parts covering introductions to topics like hackers vs ethical hackers and penetration testing methodology, as well as a vulnerability assessment report from testing the university's network.
This document discusses DNS spoofing attacks. It defines DNS as the internet's equivalent of a phone book that translates domain names to IP addresses. It describes several types of DNS attacks including denial of service attacks and DNS amplification attacks. It explains how DNS spoofing works by introducing corrupt DNS data that causes the name server to return an incorrect IP address, diverting traffic to the attacker. The document also discusses ways to prevent DNS spoofing such as using DNSSEC to add cryptographic signatures to DNS records and verifying responses.
This whitepaper describes a vulnerability in older versions of the PHP upload module in FCKEditor (now CKeditor) that allows attackers to bypass file type checks and upload malicious PHP code. The vulnerability affects FCKEditor versions 2.6.4 and below. Attackers can exploit it by appending a null byte to the "current folder" parameter, which tricks the server into creating a PHP file instead of a text file. This allows execution of arbitrary code and full compromise of vulnerable servers. Updating to the latest FCKEditor version or modifying the "currentfolder" parameter are recommended to resolve the issue.
Eternal Blue was a cyberattack exploit developed by the NSA that was leaked in 2017 and used in several ransomware attacks. It allowed remote code execution via SMBv1 by exploiting three bugs related to incorrect data type casting, transaction parsing, and memory allocation. While patches were released, many systems remained unpatched, allowing the widespread use of Eternal Blue in attacks like WannaCry and NotPetya.
These slides were presented at GDG MeetUp in Bangalore which was held on 21st September 2013. Uploading the slides to help the people who wanted the slide Deck
This document discusses various web application security vulnerabilities including Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF), clickjacking, and open redirects. CSRF involves forcing unauthorized requests to a web application to perform actions on the user's behalf. Clickjacking involves tricking a user into clicking something different than what they see. Open redirects can allow attackers to redirect users to malicious sites.
Introduction to Web Application Penetration TestingNetsparker
These slides give an introduction to all the different things and stages that make a complete web application penetration test. It starts from the very basics, including how to define a Scope of Engagement.
These slides are part of the course Introduction to Web Application Security and Penetration Testing with Netsparker, which can be found here: https://www.netsparker.com/blog/web-security/introduction-web-application-penetration-testing/
SSL is an acronym for Secure Sockets Layer. It is a protocol used for authenticating and encrypting web traffic. For web traffic to be authenticated means that your browser is able to verify the identity of the remote server.
An introduction to The Heartbleed Vulnerability. Considered to be the worst horror of the internet age, this flaw and its discovery changed the way people thought about implementing Open source standards.
Heartbleed is a serious vulnerability in OpenSSL cryptographic software that allows stealing information protected by SSL/TLS encryption. It allows attackers to read portions of servers' memory, compromising private keys and stealing users' passwords and session cookies. The flaw was due to a mistake in Robin Seggelmann's 2011 implementation of the TLS Heartbeat Extension that failed to check for buffer overflows. It was not discovered until April 2014 and impacted around 17% of internet servers before being patched. The vulnerability, named Heartbleed, had the potential to compromise private communication data.
The document discusses the Heartbleed vulnerability, which allowed stealing information protected by SSL/TLS encryption. It describes how Heartbleed worked by enabling attackers to read memory from vulnerable OpenSSL servers. The vulnerability was due to a programming mistake in OpenSSL's implementation of the TLS Heartbeat Extension, which was intended to keep connections alive. It explains how systems could be protected by upgrading OpenSSL and changing passwords and keys.
Impact of HeartBleed Bug in Android and Counter Measures ijcsa
Now a days smart phones revolving around the globe. The no of
Android users are also increasing day by
day, the main problem arises here. The Android operating syste
m based devices are more advance and also
prone to bugs when compared to other OS devices. Mainly Android co
mes with lot of Apps so in order to
provide the services to the user. So the App developers was i
n a hurry to release the Apps as per market
strategy which causes vulnerabilities. Some of them intentional
ly creates the Apps in order to hack the
device. When compared to other operating system Android is a ope
n source so everybody trys to perform
the reverse-engineering of Apks and perform some modification
s, release the Apks into the market. We
believe that our study will awaken the developers and researches
.
Day by day as the complexity in the Internet increasing the vulnerabilities about the security is also increasing. So the knowledge about these flaws has to be spread. So this report discuss about the one of the vulnerability that exists for a long time called ‘Heartbleed’. The purpose of this report is to create awareness about the Heartbleed vulnerability in OpenSSL Library, using which attackers can get access to passwords, private keys or any encrypted data. It explains how Heartbleed works, what code causes data leakage and explains the resolution with code fix. It also explains perform how to perform heartbeat attack.
This document summarizes three major security events that have been in the news over the last 12 months: the Heartbleed vulnerability, large-scale data breaches like the Target breach, and revelations about the NSA from documents leaked by Edward Snowden. For each event, key details are provided about what happened and potential implications for CIOs and companies. Perspective and best practices around data security, insider threats, and legal/policy issues are also discussed.
Day by day as the complexity in the Internet increasing the vulnerabilities about the security is also increasing. So the knowledge about these flaws has to be spread. So this report discuss about the one of the vulnerability that exists for a long time called ‘Heartbleed’. The purpose of this report is to create awareness about the Heartbleed vulnerability in OpenSSL Library, using which attackers can get access to passwords, private keys or any encrypted data. It explains how Heartbleed works, what code causes data leakage and explains the resolution with code fix. It also explains perform how to perform heartbeat attack.
My presentation in Control of Energy, Industrial and Ecological systems - International Symposium - IT Industry Section at Bankia, Bulgaria .
About The Heartbleed Bug Flaw in Servers and its reverse, Impact on Industry , fixing the problem and Security Best Practices .
The document discusses how to conduct a software exploitation attack using Metasploit Framework against a Windows XP system with Snort installed. It describes exploiting the Microsoft Graphics Rendering Engine vulnerability from 2006 using Metasploit to gain remote system access on the target. Snort's logs show it detected the attack as it occurred. The goal was to see how Snort would react to the attack.
OpenSSL is a cryptography library that provides SSL/TLS encryption. The Heartbleed bug was a serious vulnerability in OpenSSL that allowed stealing encrypted data. It exploited a programming mistake in OpenSSL versions 1.0 to 1.02 related to "heartbeat" requests, which could leak up to 64kb of memory from services using affected OpenSSL versions. Over 66% of web servers use OpenSSL and were vulnerable until fixes were released and deployed.
The document discusses various cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities including trojans, viruses, sniffing, SQL injection, intrusion detection systems, firewalls, and honeypots. It provides definitions and explanations of each topic over multiple paragraphs. Trojans and viruses are defined as malicious programs that can steal data, encrypt files, or allow unauthorized access. Sniffing involves monitoring network traffic using tools like Wireshark. SQL injection is an attack that exploits vulnerabilities to execute malicious SQL statements. Intrusion detection systems detect intrusions while intrusion prevention systems can block attacks. Firewalls regulate network connections and block unauthorized access. Honeypots are decoy systems that aim to study cyber attackers.
The document discusses Internet of Things (IoT) security challenges and countermeasures. It begins with basics of IoT and sensors, then discusses how IoT connects to the internet. It outlines several approaches to securing IoT, including restricted access, encryption of network and data, managing default APIs, addressing human elements of security, and learning from past exploits. Specific threats like denial of service attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, and brute force/dictionary attacks are examined. The document concludes that IoT security design must enable open yet secure infrastructure while respecting user privacy through individual policies.
This document summarizes the major security vulnerabilities that impacted the internet in 2014, including Heartbleed and Shellshock. It provides statistics on the number of records lost and breaches per industry. It also analyzes the technical details and impact of Heartbleed and Shellshock, such as the number of detected attacks and industries affected. Finally, it discusses planning for future vulnerabilities and maintaining security best practices.
The document discusses the Heartbleed bug, which was a vulnerability in the OpenSSL implementation of the TLS/SSL protocols. The bug allowed attackers to read portions of servers' memory, potentially leaking sensitive data like private keys and passwords. It was discovered in 2014 by a team at Codenomicon and Neel Mehta of Google. Around 17.5% of SSL-enabled sites were affected. To protect against attacks, system administrators were advised to remove the vulnerable OpenSSL heartbeat extension, upgrade to a patched version, and revoke old key pairs and force password changes.
This document provides an overview of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, including how they work, common techniques used, and strategies for mitigating them. It defines DDoS attacks as attempts to exhaust the resources of networks, applications, or services to deny access to legitimate users. The document discusses how botnets are commonly used to launch large-scale DDoS attacks from multiple sources simultaneously. It also outlines best practices for selecting DDoS protection devices, emphasizing the importance of up-to-date detection techniques, low latency, and customized hardware-based logic to withstand major attacks.
Cloud Computing Security :A broad set of policies, technologies, and controls deployed to protect data, applications, and the associated infrastructure of cloud computing.
Software Security (Vulnerabilities) And Physical SecurityNicholas Davis
The document discusses various types of software vulnerabilities including:
1. Vulnerabilities can result from weak passwords, software bugs, viruses, or insecure user input.
2. Common causes of vulnerabilities are password management flaws, operating system design flaws, software bugs, and unchecked user input.
3. There is debate around how vulnerabilities should be disclosed, with options including full disclosure, responsible disclosure, and limited disclosure.
Software security (vulnerabilities) and physical securityNicholas Davis
The document discusses various types of software vulnerabilities including:
1. Vulnerabilities can result from weak passwords, software bugs, viruses, or insecure user input.
2. Common causes of vulnerabilities are password management flaws, operating system design flaws, software bugs, and unchecked user input.
3. There is debate around how vulnerabilities should be disclosed, with options including full disclosure, responsible disclosure, and limited disclosure.
Lumbini, the birthplace of Preacher of peace lord Gautama Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) was born in Terai Region of Nepal in 623 BC. More than 400,000 Buddhists and non Buddhists visit Lumbini every year. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site (Culture) and holds immense archeological and religious importance. The nativity site is marked by a commemorative pillar erected by Mauryan Emperor Ashoka of India during his pilgrimage to the holy site in 249 BC.
software ecosystem, google, amazon, apple, microsoft, software ecosystem about googl, software ecosystem about amazon, software ecosystem about apple, software ecosystem about microsoft, history present and future about google, history present and future about apple, history present and future about amazon, history present and future about microsoft
dashain and tihar and their advantages , disadvantages, what should be added, what should be removed, their brief consequences for nation and nationality
1. The document provides guidelines on stretching exercises and dressing tips to appear taller. It lists touching toes, wall stretch, hanging, and cobra as effective stretching exercises to include in a daily routine.
2. For dressing taller, it recommends wearing dark colors, lighter fabrics, vertical stripes, monochromic outfits, shorter hair, tucked shirts, long overcoats, pants at the natural waistline, and avoiding baggy clothes. Proper fit is key to creating a height illusion.
This document discusses the requirement analysis and software development methodology selection for developing a ticketing system called the Snow City System. It analyzes the requirements of the system, which include scanning tickets, calculating charges based on time spent, notifying customers of charges, and generating reports. It evaluates various software development methodologies and determines that the fourth generation techniques methodology is most appropriate due to its features around non-procedural languages, report generation, data manipulation, and screen interaction that map well to the system requirements. The document also discusses various dependability measurement attributes that are relevant for the system, including reliability, efficiency, integrity, maintainability, and availability.
Fast food and junk food can negatively impact health in several ways. Junk food provides excess calories and fat but little nutritional value. Eating fast food more than twice a week is associated with increased risk of diabetes and weight gain. Junk food alters brain activity in ways similar to addictive drugs by desensitizing pleasure centers to require more food. A junk food diet while pregnant can increase offspring's preference for unhealthy foods later in life due to changes in brain development. However, omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil may help protect the brain from damage caused by a junk food diet.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Heartbleed
1.
2. • It is a critical bug in the OpenSSL's implementation of
the TLS/DTLS heartbeat extension that allows attackers
to read portions of the affected server’s memory,
potentially revealing users data, that the server did not
intend to reveal.
•
• After the story broke online, websites around the
world flooded with the heartbleed articles, explaining
how it works, how to protect, and exactly what it is. Yet
many didn’t get it right. So based on the queries of
Internet users, we answered some frequently asked
questions about the bug.
3. 1.) IS HEARTBLEED A VIRUS?
• Absolutely NO, It's not a virus. As described in
our previous article, The Heartbleed bug is a
vulnerability resided in TLS heartbeat
mechanism built into certain versions of the
popular open source encryption standard
OpenSSL, a popular version of the Transport
Layer Security (TLS) protocol.
4. 2.) HOW IT WORKS?
• For SSL to work, your computer needs to communicate to the
server via sending 'heartbeats' that keep informing the server that
client (computer) is online (alive).
• Heartbleed attack allows an attacker to retrieve a block of memory
of the server up to 64kb in response directly from the vulnerable
server via sending the malicious heartbeat and there is no limit on
the number of attacks that can be performed. [Technically
Explained by Rahul Sasi on Garage4hackers]
• It opens doors for the cyber criminals to extract sensitive data
directly from the server's memory without leaving any traces.
5. 3.) HEARTBLEED ATTACK RELIES ON
MAN-IN-THE-MIDDLE ATTACK?
• No, it has nothing to deal with a Man-in-the-
Middle (MitM) attack. But using Heartbleed
attack, one can manage to obtain the private
encryption key for an SSL/TLS certificate and
could set up a fake website that passes the
security verification.
• An attacker could also decrypt the traffic passing
between a client and a server i.e. Perfect man-in-
the-middle attack on HTTPS connection.
6. 4.) IS IT A CLIENT SIDE OR SERVER
SIDE VULNERABILITY?
• TLS heartbeats can be sent by either side of a TLS
connection, so it can be used to attack clients as
well as servers. An Attacker can obtain up to 64K
memory from the server or client as well that
uses an OpenSSL implementation vulnerable to
Heartbleed (CVE-2014-0160).
• Researcher estimated two-thirds of the world's
servers i.e. half a million servers are affected by
the Heartbleed Bug, including websites, email,
and instant messaging services.
7. 5.) HOW HEARTBLEED AFFECTS
SMARTPHONES?
• Smartphone is the best practical example of Client side attacks.
• All versions of Android OS include outdated versions of OpenSSL
library, but only Android 4.1.1 Jelly Bean has the vulnerable
heartbeat feature enabled by default. Blackberry also confirmed
that some of its products are vulnerable to Heartbleed bug,
whereas Apple's iOS devices are not affected by OpenSSL flaw.
•
• Google had patched the affected version Android 4.1.1, but it will
take long time to deliver updated Android version to the end
Smartphone users as updates to majority handsets are controlled
by phone manufacturers and wireless carriers. Until users running
the affected versions are vulnerable to the attacks, and hackers will
definitely take advantage of this public disclosure.
8. 6.) WHAT ELSE COULD BE
VULNERABLE TO HEARTBLEED?
• IP phones, Routers, Medical devices, Smart TV sets,
embedded devices and millions of other devices that rely
on the OpenSSL to provide secure communications could
also be vulnerable to Heartbleed bug, as it is not expected
for these devices to get the updates soon from Google’s
Android partners.
• Yesterday, Industrial Control Systems-CERT also warned the
critical infrastructure organizations (like energy, utilities or
financial services companies) to beef-up their systems in
order to defend against the Heartbleed attacks.
9. 7.) WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
HEARTBLEED?
• We actually can't blame anyone developer, specially who
are contributing to Open Source projects without money
motivations.
• Dr. Robin Seggelmann, a 31-year-old German developer
who actually introduced the Heartbeat concept to OpenSSL
on New Year's Eve, 2011, says it was just a programming
error in the code that unintentionally created the
“Heartbleed” vulnerability.
• "In one of the new features, unfortunately, I missed
validating a variable containing a length", went undetected
by the code reviewers and everyone else for over two
years. He claimed 'I did so unintentionally'.
10. 8.) WHO HAS EXPLOITED THIS BUG
YET?
• Bloomberg accused the National Security Agency (NSA) of knowing
the Heartbleed bug for the last two years. Not even this, the report
says the agency was using it continuously to gain information
instead of disclosing it to the OpenSSL developers. But if it is so,
then this would be one of the biggest developments in the history
of wiretapping ever. However, the agency denied it saying NSA was
not aware of Heartbleed until it was made public.
• But when it comes to exploit any known vulnerability, then Hackers
are most likely to be top on the list. As the flaw was so widely
spread that it affected half a million websites worldwide, so after
the public disclosure, the cybercriminals could reach the sites to
steal credentials, passwords and other data, before the site
operators apply the freely available patch.