These are the slides from the presentation that I gave at the Australian Association for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (AACBT) Conference in Queensland, Australia on the 17th of October, 2012.
The McKenzie method was developed in 1960’s by Robin McKenzie , a physical therapist in new Zealand and A central tenet of McKenzie Method is that self-healing and self-treatment are important for patient’s pain relief and rehabilitation.
Use of technology in rehabilitation - Lorna PaulMS Trust
Aims:
Overview of technology in Rehabilitation
Barriers and Drivers
Consider neurophysiological/scientific basis
Look at some examples
Robotics
Mobile and digital technology
Gaming and Virtual Reality
Evidence based practice (EBP) in physiotherapy Saurab Sharma
This presentation is the classroom lecture for undergraduate physiotherapy students whom I teach at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences in Nepal. This is an introductory lecture. Students carry on with steps of EBP in the years to come during the student life and use it for their presentations and clinical learning placement.
Other students too may benefit. I highly encourage other students, especially in some parts of India where EBP is not taught, and is reserved for Master's degree program. I completely disagree with this concept, as EBP is the pillar of a responsible physiotherapy practice. Early it starts, better it is.
The McKenzie method was developed in 1960’s by Robin McKenzie , a physical therapist in new Zealand and A central tenet of McKenzie Method is that self-healing and self-treatment are important for patient’s pain relief and rehabilitation.
Use of technology in rehabilitation - Lorna PaulMS Trust
Aims:
Overview of technology in Rehabilitation
Barriers and Drivers
Consider neurophysiological/scientific basis
Look at some examples
Robotics
Mobile and digital technology
Gaming and Virtual Reality
Evidence based practice (EBP) in physiotherapy Saurab Sharma
This presentation is the classroom lecture for undergraduate physiotherapy students whom I teach at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences in Nepal. This is an introductory lecture. Students carry on with steps of EBP in the years to come during the student life and use it for their presentations and clinical learning placement.
Other students too may benefit. I highly encourage other students, especially in some parts of India where EBP is not taught, and is reserved for Master's degree program. I completely disagree with this concept, as EBP is the pillar of a responsible physiotherapy practice. Early it starts, better it is.
satoshi kajiyama laudner presentation athletic training manual therapy kinesiology myofacial release and trigger point therapy illinois state university boston red sox orthopedic and sports enhancement center
Retraining of motor control basing on understanding of normal movement & analysis of motor dysfunction.
Emphasis of MRP is on practice of specific activities, the training of cognitive control over muscles & movt. Components of activities & conscious elimination of unnecessary muscle activity.
In rehabilitation programme involve – real life activities included.
Modern Principles of Osteopathy
The International Academy of Osteopathy provides osteopathic education in Europe and beyond.
Contact us for more information: info@osteopathy.eu
http://www.osteopathie.eu/en/publications
http://www.osteopathie.eu/en
satoshi kajiyama laudner presentation athletic training manual therapy kinesiology myofacial release and trigger point therapy illinois state university boston red sox orthopedic and sports enhancement center
Retraining of motor control basing on understanding of normal movement & analysis of motor dysfunction.
Emphasis of MRP is on practice of specific activities, the training of cognitive control over muscles & movt. Components of activities & conscious elimination of unnecessary muscle activity.
In rehabilitation programme involve – real life activities included.
Modern Principles of Osteopathy
The International Academy of Osteopathy provides osteopathic education in Europe and beyond.
Contact us for more information: info@osteopathy.eu
http://www.osteopathie.eu/en/publications
http://www.osteopathie.eu/en
Using the Mind To Change the Brain: Talks @Google - Rick Hanson, PhDRick Hanson
Jesus, Moses, the Buddha, and other great teachers were all born with a brain built essentially like anyone else's. Then they used their minds to change their brains in ways that changed history. With the new breakthroughs in neuroscience, combined with insights from thousands of years of contemplative practice, you, too, can shape your own brain for greater happiness, love, and wisdom.
Written with neurologist Richard Mendius, M.D., and with a Foreword by Daniel Siegel, M.D. and a Preface by Jack Kornfield, Ph.D., Buddha's Brain: The Practical Neuroscience of Happiness, Love, and Wisdom joins modern science with ancient teachings to show you how to have greater emotional balance in turbulent times, as well as healthier relationships, more effective actions, and greater peace of mind.
http://amzn.to/oLTD3B
A Mindful Way to Staying Mentally Healthy at UniversityBarry Tse
A deck prepared for an online talk given to the University of Liverpool students and staff in Feb 2022 Feel Good Month. The talk touched on common psychological issues identified in a recent study in the UK and explained some of the problems that plagued our modern lifestyle. Secular mindfulness is then introduced as a tool to regain control of our declining ability to focus and our stress response that has constantly been put on hyperdrive due to our evolution, neurological wiring, and psychological processes needed for our survival.
Buddha's Brain: The Practical Neuroscience of Happiness, Love and Wisdom - Ri...Rick Hanson
How mental activity sculpts neural structure; the benefits and pitfalls of integrating neuroscience and psychotherapy; the neural substrates of self-compassion; and how to activate the lateral networks of mindful awareness.
More resources are freely offered at http://www.rickhanson.net.
Paper Tiger Paranoia - Rick Hanson, PhDRick Hanson
How the brain’s “negativity bias” makes clients overestimate threats, underestimate opportunities, and underestimate inner and outer resources, leading to anxiety, anger, depression, and conflicts with others – and how to help clients overcome that bias, see the good facts about the others, the world, and themselves, and build resilience for happiness, healthy relationships, and occupational success.
More resources are freely offered at http://www.rickhanson.net.
Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski - Mental Health Issues in ASD-10.05.2019Vladimir Trajkovski
President of MSSA Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski presented this topic "Mental Health Issues in Autism Spectrum Disorders" at the mini simposyum in Voerandaal, Holland, organized by ReAttach Academy at May 10th 2019.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
1. Heart rate variability and
social dysfunction
Daniel S. Quintana, Andrew H. Kemp,
Adam J. Guastella
SCAN research & teaching unit,
School of Psychology
Brain & Mind Research Institute
3. Background
“I’ve been astonished to
notice the change in
patients suffering from
heart disease… They will
tell you that they have
suddenly become low
spirited, their sleep is
disturbed and they are
not able to take their
dinner”
- Henry Head (1901)
Brain (1901), 24(3).
3
4. Background
“…more than a third of the
world’s population is
affected by mental illness
at some point in life, with
social impairments being
one of the most prominent
and disabling features.”
- Mayer-Lindberg & Tost (2012)
Nature Neuroscience (2012), 15(5).
3
5. Background
Relationship between Relationship between
heart disease and poor social skills and
mood disorders mood disorders
Autonomic nervous system dysfunction
3
6. Background
Social dysfunction
Sheldon Cooper has problems with
the expression and the
comprehension of emotion
7. The autonomic nervous system
The vagus nerve is
part of a system
that
communicates
between the brain
and body
4
20. Is HRV is The autonomic nervous system
reduced in
depression?
Kemp, Quintana et al., (2010) Biological
Psychiatry, 34 (6); Kemp, Quintana et
al., (2012) PLoS One
21. Is HRV reduced in MDD?
*P > 0.01
Kemp, Quintana et al., (2012) PLoS One
22. Is HRV reduced in MDD with comorbid anxiety?
*P > 0.01
Kemp, Quintana et al., (2012) PLoS One
23. Is HRV is reduced in
alcohol dependence?
Quintana, Guastella, Kemp et al., (in
press) Alcoholism: Experimental &
Clinical research
24. Is HRV reduced in alcohol dependence?
Summary effect size
Quintana, Guastella, Kemp et al., (in press) Alcoholism: Experimental & Clinical research
33. Acknowledgements
Dr. Andrew Kemp A/Prof. Adam Guastella Prof. Iain McGregor
SCAN research and teaching unit BMRI School of Psychology
School of Psychology University of Sydney University of Sydney
University of Sydney
Prof. Gin Malhi Prof. Ian Hickie
Dr. Maree Abbott Gail Alvares
James Heathers Cristina Caccioti-Saija
Tim Outhred Nigel Chen
John Chalmers CJ Yatawara
17
34. Questions?
For more info on research or any questions:
Email - daniel.quintana@sydney.edu.au
Web – http://dsquintana.com
Editor's Notes
Before I begin I want to start with a quote from Martin Seligman who said… Today in next few moments that I have with you all I’ll be sharing the impact of this ‘below the neck’ activity on social dysfunction in mental illness.
Over a hundred years ago clinicians noticed that disorders of the CV system were associated with mood disorders
More recently, clinicians have noticed that social dysfunction commonly occur with illness
Something that is common to both of these associations is autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
Social dysfunction occurs across a range of disorders On a more global scale this impacts social relationships but on smaller level this is affected by problems in the expression and comprehension of emotion
Now anatomically the most important structure ‘below the neck’ that facilitates the expression and comprehension of emotion is the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve helps regulate autonomic nervous system activity through its influence on the heart and is a proposed mechanism for social dysfunction.
Heart rate is determined by the firing of the sinoatrial node – the heart’s pacemaker. The vagus nerve also acts like a brake which helps regulate social behavior
The vagus nerve.... Social cohesion was crucial for the survival of our ancestors Poor social behavior not ideal for survival The polyvagal theory proposes the ANS has evolved to support survival, reproduction and social engagement An important feature of this theory is the bidirectional influence of the brain on the body The most recent development of the ANS is vagus nerve The vagus nerve facilities engagement with the environment through its inhibitory influence on the sinoatrial node The vagus acts like a brake The vagus nerve also helps regulate social behavior As well as innervating the heart, the autonomic nervous system also innervates parts of the face that are crucial for social communication
Poor vagal control affects the ability to express emotions. Ever notice when your voice wavers when you ’re speaking in public? That’s due to reduced vagal control of your laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles which regulates the pitch and control of your voice Vagal tone is also important in the control of the middle ear muscles which help with the perception of mid-frequency sounds (i.e., human voices) Vagal control is also important for the expression of emotions via facial muscles. If you can ’t express emotions effectively, people around you can’t tell what you’re thinking or feeling or what your intentions are.
In a safe enviroment the vagus nerve promotes ‘ apporoach ’ behaviors and facilitates social interaction
Specifically, the PNS inhibits HR via the vagal brake. Greater PNS stimulation slows HR. This can be demonstrated by the simple act of breathing out slowly
However during threat situations, social interaction is near the bottom of the priority list
A release of the vagal brake stimulates HR which discourages social interaction
The vagus nerve....
We can also use a traditional electrocardiogram or a pulse oximiter – anything that can measure the cardiac cycle accurately and at a relatively high resolution
R-R intervals are a good approximation of the cardiac cycle More variation in R-R intervals is indicative of greater parasympathetic nervous system activity Healthy cardiac activity is associated with high variability But why is high variability a good thing? Let’s consider how a tall building is made…
Here ’s surfers paradise which isn’t too far away Right in the middle you can see the Q1 building – tallest building in the southern hemisphere If you ’ve ever been near the top of a tall structure you may notice a slight sway in high winds The top can sway up to 6 meters in any direction Without this sway the building would be put under some serious stress
If you ’ve ever been to the top of a tall structure
Social dysfunction commonly reported in depression So is HRV reduced in those without CVD? Some studies said yes, some studies said no… We conducted a meta-analysis to determine if HRV is reduced We found that HRV was reduced in depression and that is depression severity increases, HRV decreases. We published this finding in Biological Psychiatry Anxiety comorbidity can be as high as 50% in depression A follow-up study under review from our lab investigated the impact of comorbid anxiety on HRV
Consistent with our meta-analysis, HRV was reduced in MDD compared to controls However, 50% of MDD is comorbid with anxiety so we wanted to see if this was driving the association Perhaps the original findings were influenced by comorbid anxiety?
MDD with GAD significantly reduced We suggest that the greater reductions in MDD with GAD is due to ‘ruminative’ and chronic nature of GAD which may lead to more sympathetic activity PTSD and PD are generally more situational so stress on the ANS is occurring less Not due to MDD severity
Social dysfunction also common in alcohol dependence Some contradictory research in the literature on whether dependence reduced HRV or if it’s due to intake A group from the Netherlands argues that it ’s consumption (not dependence). Considering the role of HRV in self-regulation we hypothesized that HRV is still reduced in alcohol dependence Looking at the literature there ’s mixed results – some said yes and others said no Using meta-analysis we pooled together the results of 6 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria of our analysis
Overall, the summary effect size of 6 studies suggests that HRV is reduced in dependence Not due to CVD or consumption of alcohol
Now that we have established that a number of disorders, known for problems with social dysfunction, have reduced HRV we wanted to investigate if HRV was related to emotion recognition Specifically, we looked at the reading the mind in the eyes which indexes ‘mind reading’ of others, or figuring out the thoughts or intentions of others. According to the Polyvagal theory, those with greater parasympathetic dominance will display more ‘approach’ behaviors, which includes the ability to determine the emotions of others Originally developed for autism, this can also be used in healthy populations There are a number of covariates that can influence HRV including gender, age and physical activity. That is, older males tend to have lower HRV which is consistent with the epidemiology of CVDs
What do you think this man is thinking or feeling?
As you can imagine, interpreting and encoding social cues is an incredibly complex process that our brain ’ s accomplish without us even really consciously thinking too much. You didn ’ t really have to ‘ think ’ that this man is upset - one look and you just ‘ know ’ .
We found that after accounting for covariates known to influence HRV, HRV is associated with performance in the RMET First study to provide evidence that resting state ANS function is related to social cognition
Earlier work in our lab has established that OT increases emotion recognition so does a single spray of OT increase HRV To test this we performed a randomized double blind crossover trial of OT on HRV 12 participants were either randomized to OT or placebo, received the spray, then we measured HRV 45 minutes later Participants then came back a week later and received the opposite spray, follewed by and ECG recording 45 minutes later
Acute oxytocin administration appears to increase HRV in healthy controls This emerged after only after a single administration of oxytocin As well as using OT to increase HRV, we have also tested breathing biofeedback for the increase of HRV
Last year in the lab we had a student who was a semi-professional musician who wanted to investigate the efficacy of HRV BF on performance anxiety in musicians. It ’s not uncommon for musicians to take beta-blockers before performances to reduce nerves but these can have side-effects As well as OT, biofeedback breathing exercises has the potential to increase HRV. Involves slow breathing, 6 breaths per minute (normal, spontaneous breathing about 15 breaths per minute) Biofeedback involves training in deep abdominal breathing and practice Known to reduce anxiety and depression in early studies People either did biofeedback or ‘sham’ breathing
As well as increasing HRV, measures of anxiety in the intervention group reduced. This emerged after only after a week of treatment