This document discusses hearing impairment, including the different types, causes, symptoms, and treatments. It provides details on: - The three main types of hearing impairment - conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. - Common causes like earwax buildup, infections, abnormalities. - Symptoms include muffled sounds and difficulty understanding speech. - Treatments depend on the cause and severity, and may include removing earwax, using hearing aids, or cochlear implants.

3. Sana Hassan Janjua
Sarah Majeed
Zahra Jabeen
Waheeda Bano

4. HEARING :
Hearing refers to the reception of sound by
the ear, its analysis, and its transmission to
the brain.

5. IMPAIRMENT:
An impairment is any loss or abnormality of
psychological, physiological or anatomical
structure or function.

7. TYPES OF
HEARING
IMPAIRMENT

8. TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
hearing loss
• Mixed hearing
loss

10. CONDUCTIVE HEARING
IMPAIRMENT:
• A conductive loss refers to
a decrease in sound
caused by a problem in the
outer or middle ear.

11. Sensorineural
Hearing
Loss

12. SENSORINEURAL HEARING IMPAIRMENT:
• A sensorineural loss refers
to a problem located in the
inner ear or along the nerve
pathway between the inner
ear and the brain.

15. MIXED HEARING IMPAIRMENT:
• A mixed loss refers
to a conductive loss
and a sensorineural
loss occurring at the
same time.

16. AGE OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT:
Pre lingual :is the loss of
hearing before speech and
language developed
Post lingual: is loss of hearing
after spontaneous speech and
language has developed.

17. DEGREE
AND TYPES
OF HEARING
IMPAIRMENT

20. HOW HEARING IMPAIRMENT
OCCURS

21. Causes:
Hearing impairment includes:
a) A gradual buildup of earwax.
b)Ear infection and abnormal bone growths or
tumors.
c)Ruptured eardrum.
d)Damage to the inner ear.

23. SYMPTOMS
• Muffling of speech and other
sounds.
• Difficulty understanding words,
especially against background noise
or in a crowd of people.
• Frequently asking others to speak
more slowly, clearly and loudly.
• Needing to turn up the volume of the
television or radio.
• Withdrawal from conversations.
• Avoidance of some social settings.

24. RISK
FACTORS IN
HEARING
LOSS

25. RISK FACTORS:
• Aging.
• Heredity.
• Occupational noises.
• Some medications.
• Some illness,

26. PSYCHOLOGICAL
EFFECTS

27. • Depression
• Anxiety
• An often false sense that others are
angry with you.
• Shame, guilt and anger.
• Lack of concentration.
• Worry and frustration.
• Insecurity.
• Embarrassment
• Self-criticism and low self confidence
• Adjustment problems.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS:

28. COPING AND SUPPORT:
These tips can help you to communicate
more easily despite your hearing loss.
• Position yourself to hear:
Face the person with whom you're having
a conversation.
• Turn off background noise:
For example, noise from a television may
interfere with conversation.
• Ask others to speak clearly:
Most people will be helpful if they know
you're having trouble hearing them.

29. • Choose quiet settings: In public,
such as in a restaurant or at a
social gathering, choose a place
to talk that's away from noisy
areas.
• Consider using an assistive
listening device: Hearing
devices, such as TV-listening
systems or telephone-amplifying
devices, can help you hear better
while decreasing other noises
around you.

30. BENEFITS OF TREATMENT
• Greater self-confidence
• Closer relationships with loved ones
• Improved outlook on life

31. PREVENTION FOR HEARING
IMPAIRMENT

32. Protect your ears in the workplace:
• Specially designed
earmuffs that resemble
earphones can protect
your ears by bringing
most loud sounds down to
an acceptable level.
Foam, pre-formed, or
custom-molded earplugs
made of plastic or rubber
also can effectively protect
your ears from damaging
noise.

33. Have your hearing tested:
. Consider regular hearing
tests if you work in a noisy
environment. Regular testing
of your ears can provide
early detection of hearing
loss. Knowing you've lost
some hearing means you're
in a position to take steps to
prevent further hearing loss.

34. Avoid recreational risks:
• Some activities, hunting and
listening to extremely loud
music for long periods of time,
can damage your hearing.
• Wearing hearing protectors or
taking breaks from the noise
during loud recreational
activities can protect your
ears.
• Turning down the volume
when listening to music can
help you avoid damage to
your hearing.

35. TEST AND
DIAGNOSIS

36. GENERAL SCREENING TEST:
• Doctor may ask to cover
one ear at a time to see
how well hear words
spoken at various
volumes and you
respond to other
sounds.

37. TUNING FORK :
• Tuning forks are two-pronged,
metal instruments that produce
sounds when struck.
• A tuning fork evaluation may
reveal whether hearing loss
caused by damage to the
vibrating part of middle ear,
damage to sensors or nerve of
inner ear or both.

38. AUDIOMETRY TEST
• Test conducted by an
audiologist, you wear earphones
and hear sounds directed to one
ear at a time. The audiologist
presents a range of sounds of
various tones and asks you to
indicate each time you hear the
sound.
• The audiologist will also present
various words to determine your
hearing ability,

39. TREATMENTS:
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of your
hearing loss.
Options include:
• Removing wax blockage.
• Hearing aids.
• Cochlear implants.

40. REMOVING WAX BLOCKAGE:
Cleaning the outside of the
ear by wiping with a cloth.
• Putting cerumenolytic
solutions (solutions to
dissolve wax) into the ear
canal.
• Irrigating or syringing the
ear.
• Removing the wax manually
using special instruments.

41. HEARING AIDS:
A hearing aid is a small
electronic device that you
wear in or behind your ear.
It makes some sounds
louder. A hearing aid can
help people hear more in
both quiet and noisy
situations.

42. Hearing aid parts:
• Microphone: detects the
sound.
• Amplifier: make the
sound stronger.
• Battery: provides power
to the electronic parts
• Volume control:
increases or decreases
the volume of the sound.

45. Technologies
• Closed captioned DVD’s and videos
• TCD
• Microphone system
• Sign language interpreter
• Partner with better hearing
• Audio- visual lab with headphones

46. ACCOMMODATION
• Qualified sign language interpreters for public
programming,
• A staff person knowledgeable for sign language.
• Telephones
• Instant messaging
• Video calling

47. MANAGEMENT
• Clear signs
• Visual alert
• Equal accessibility to all programs and
services.
• Paper and pencil
• Assistive listening devices
• Amplification system
• Headsets and neck loops
• Compatible hearing aids.

48. EDUCATIONAL OPTIONS
• Where should deaf students be taught?
• How should the deaf students be taught?
• What should the deaf students be taught?

50. INSTITUTIONS
• Deewa in Islamabad.
• Hamza foundation for the deaf.
• Govt school for special children Ravi road
Lahore.
• Govt school for hearing impairment Sahiwal.

51. How should the deaf students be
taught?

52. CUED SPEECH

53. ASL

54. PSL

55. INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
• Circular seating
• Desk arrange in rows
• Repeat the questions of students
• Teamwork for assignments
• Assist the students
• Transcripts of audio information
• Avoid interruption
• Visual information
• Be Flexible

56. What should deaf students be taught?
• General education subject content.
(English , Math, Science, general knowledge etc)
• Special curriculum features for the deaf.
(Rhythm, auditory training, speech & language)

57. Teaching strategies:
• Get the attention before signing.
• Keep your hand and face toward the deaf while
speaking.
• Make sure your signs and finger spelling are
clearly visible.
• Adjust your signs according to the level of the
deaf.
• Use of flash cards
• Charts
• Dioramas & models

58. FLASH CARDS

59. MODELS

60. DIORAMAS