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Hearing impairment

This document discusses hearing impairment, including the different types, causes, symptoms, and treatments. It provides details on: - The three main types of hearing impairment - conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. - Common causes like earwax buildup, infections, abnormalities. - Symptoms include muffled sounds and difficulty understanding speech. - Treatments depend on the cause and severity, and may include removing earwax, using hearing aids, or cochlear implants.

Education◦
Sana Hassan Janjua Sarah Majeed Zahra Jabeen Waheeda Bano
HEARING : Hearing refers to the reception of sound by the ear, its analysis, and its transmission to the brain.
IMPAIRMENT: An impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function.
TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT
TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT • Conductive • Sensorineural hearing loss • Mixed hearing loss
CONDUCTIVE HEARING IMPAIRMENT: • A conductive loss refers to a decrease in sound caused by a problem in the outer or middle ear.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
SENSORINEURAL HEARING IMPAIRMENT: • A sensorineural loss refers to a problem located in the inner ear or along the nerve pathway between the inner ear and the brain.
MIXED HEARING IMPAIRMENT: • A mixed loss refers to a conductive loss and a sensorineural loss occurring at the same time.
AGE OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT: Pre lingual :is the loss of hearing before speech and language developed Post lingual: is loss of hearing after spontaneous speech and language has developed.
DEGREE AND TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT
HOW HEARING IMPAIRMENT OCCURS
Causes: Hearing impairment includes: a) A gradual buildup of earwax. b)Ear infection and abnormal bone growths or tumors. c)Ruptured eardrum. d)Damage to the inner ear.
SYMPTOMS • Muffling of speech and other sounds. • Difficulty understanding words, especially against background noise or in a crowd of people. • Frequently asking others to speak more slowly, clearly and loudly. • Needing to turn up the volume of the television or radio. • Withdrawal from conversations. • Avoidance of some social settings.
RISK FACTORS IN HEARING LOSS
RISK FACTORS: • Aging. • Heredity. • Occupational noises. • Some medications. • Some illness,
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
• Depression • Anxiety • An often false sense that others are angry with you. • Shame, guilt and anger. • Lack of concentration. • Worry and frustration. • Insecurity. • Embarrassment • Self-criticism and low self confidence • Adjustment problems. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS:
COPING AND SUPPORT: These tips can help you to communicate more easily despite your hearing loss. • Position yourself to hear: Face the person with whom you're having a conversation. • Turn off background noise: For example, noise from a television may interfere with conversation. • Ask others to speak clearly: Most people will be helpful if they know you're having trouble hearing them.
• Choose quiet settings: In public, such as in a restaurant or at a social gathering, choose a place to talk that's away from noisy areas. • Consider using an assistive listening device: Hearing devices, such as TV-listening systems or telephone-amplifying devices, can help you hear better while decreasing other noises around you.
BENEFITS OF TREATMENT • Greater self-confidence • Closer relationships with loved ones • Improved outlook on life
PREVENTION FOR HEARING IMPAIRMENT
Protect your ears in the workplace: • Specially designed earmuffs that resemble earphones can protect your ears by bringing most loud sounds down to an acceptable level. Foam, pre-formed, or custom-molded earplugs made of plastic or rubber also can effectively protect your ears from damaging noise.
Have your hearing tested: . Consider regular hearing tests if you work in a noisy environment. Regular testing of your ears can provide early detection of hearing loss. Knowing you've lost some hearing means you're in a position to take steps to prevent further hearing loss.
Avoid recreational risks: • Some activities, hunting and listening to extremely loud music for long periods of time, can damage your hearing. • Wearing hearing protectors or taking breaks from the noise during loud recreational activities can protect your ears. • Turning down the volume when listening to music can help you avoid damage to your hearing.
TEST AND DIAGNOSIS
GENERAL SCREENING TEST: • Doctor may ask to cover one ear at a time to see how well hear words spoken at various volumes and you respond to other sounds.
TUNING FORK : • Tuning forks are two-pronged, metal instruments that produce sounds when struck. • A tuning fork evaluation may reveal whether hearing loss caused by damage to the vibrating part of middle ear, damage to sensors or nerve of inner ear or both.
AUDIOMETRY TEST • Test conducted by an audiologist, you wear earphones and hear sounds directed to one ear at a time. The audiologist presents a range of sounds of various tones and asks you to indicate each time you hear the sound. • The audiologist will also present various words to determine your hearing ability,
TREATMENTS: Treatment depends on the cause and severity of your hearing loss. Options include: • Removing wax blockage. • Hearing aids. • Cochlear implants.
REMOVING WAX BLOCKAGE: Cleaning the outside of the ear by wiping with a cloth. • Putting cerumenolytic solutions (solutions to dissolve wax) into the ear canal. • Irrigating or syringing the ear. • Removing the wax manually using special instruments.
HEARING AIDS: A hearing aid is a small electronic device that you wear in or behind your ear. It makes some sounds louder. A hearing aid can help people hear more in both quiet and noisy situations.
Hearing aid parts: • Microphone: detects the sound. • Amplifier: make the sound stronger. • Battery: provides power to the electronic parts • Volume control: increases or decreases the volume of the sound.
Technologies • Closed captioned DVD’s and videos • TCD • Microphone system • Sign language interpreter • Partner with better hearing • Audio- visual lab with headphones
ACCOMMODATION • Qualified sign language interpreters for public programming, • A staff person knowledgeable for sign language. • Telephones • Instant messaging • Video calling
MANAGEMENT • Clear signs • Visual alert • Equal accessibility to all programs and services. • Paper and pencil • Assistive listening devices • Amplification system • Headsets and neck loops • Compatible hearing aids.
EDUCATIONAL OPTIONS • Where should deaf students be taught? • How should the deaf students be taught? • What should the deaf students be taught?
INSTITUTIONS • Deewa in Islamabad. • Hamza foundation for the deaf. • Govt school for special children Ravi road Lahore. • Govt school for hearing impairment Sahiwal.
How should the deaf students be taught?
CUED SPEECH
ASL
PSL
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES • Circular seating • Desk arrange in rows • Repeat the questions of students • Teamwork for assignments • Assist the students • Transcripts of audio information • Avoid interruption • Visual information • Be Flexible
What should deaf students be taught? • General education subject content. (English , Math, Science, general knowledge etc) • Special curriculum features for the deaf. (Rhythm, auditory training, speech & language)
Teaching strategies: • Get the attention before signing. • Keep your hand and face toward the deaf while speaking. • Make sure your signs and finger spelling are clearly visible. • Adjust your signs according to the level of the deaf. • Use of flash cards • Charts • Dioramas & models
FLASH CARDS
MODELS
DIORAMAS
Hearing impairment