Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
Indicator is a variable which gives an indication of a given situation or a reflection of that situation.
Health Indicator is a variable, susceptible to direct measurement, that reflects the state of health of persons in a community.
Indicators help to measure the extent to which the objectives and targets of a programme are being attained.
Definition and Historical Glimpse of Public Health
Ancient Greece (500-323 BC)
Roman Empire (23 BC – 476 AD)
Middle Ages (476-1450 AD)
Birth of Modern Medicine (1650-1800 AD)
Great Sanitary Awakening (1800s-1900s)
Modern Public Health (1900 AD & onward)
In this presentation you will get the knowledge about changing concepts of health.
the changing concepts of health has been categorised as follows:
1.Biomedical concept
2.Ecological concept
3.Psychological concept
4.Holistic concept
Public health concept, i ketut swarjanaswarjana2012
Pemahaman tentang konsep kesehatan masyarakat atau public health concept sangat penting dalam rangka memahami lebih awal dasar dari konsep kesehatan masyarakat itu sendiri, sebelum lebih jauh belajar tentang IKM yang mencakup epidemiologi, manajemen kesehatan, promosi kesehatan dan lain-lain
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
Indicator is a variable which gives an indication of a given situation or a reflection of that situation.
Health Indicator is a variable, susceptible to direct measurement, that reflects the state of health of persons in a community.
Indicators help to measure the extent to which the objectives and targets of a programme are being attained.
Definition and Historical Glimpse of Public Health
Ancient Greece (500-323 BC)
Roman Empire (23 BC – 476 AD)
Middle Ages (476-1450 AD)
Birth of Modern Medicine (1650-1800 AD)
Great Sanitary Awakening (1800s-1900s)
Modern Public Health (1900 AD & onward)
In this presentation you will get the knowledge about changing concepts of health.
the changing concepts of health has been categorised as follows:
1.Biomedical concept
2.Ecological concept
3.Psychological concept
4.Holistic concept
Public health concept, i ketut swarjanaswarjana2012
Pemahaman tentang konsep kesehatan masyarakat atau public health concept sangat penting dalam rangka memahami lebih awal dasar dari konsep kesehatan masyarakat itu sendiri, sebelum lebih jauh belajar tentang IKM yang mencakup epidemiologi, manajemen kesehatan, promosi kesehatan dan lain-lain
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH AND PRIMARY HEATH CARE (PHC) ?
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (PHC) ?
The lecture focuses on the evolution of health promotion as well as of the social context of health in postmodern societies. This topic reflects the most commonly used approaches and concepts which are useful for health promotion practice. Finally, the principles and methods of health needs assessment are presented.
Using experience maps to improve the human experienceVoltaire Miran
Experience maps — graphical representations of the interactions an individual may have with a product or service — are invaluable tools in visitor-centered web design. Experience mapping can lead to numerous insights by illustrating what audiences think, feel, and do at various stages in a process.
The utility of an experience map stretches beyond web design. By revealing existing gaps and potential opportunities in the overall user experience, these maps can educate stakeholders and drive positive changes and improvements across an entire engagement lifecycle.
Applications of GIS in Public Health EngineeringVignesh Sekar
GIS is used to support decision making for planning and management of land use, natural resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other administrative records. Remote sensing and GIS makes easier to get valuable information about the study area. GIS enables us to integrate different layers and to manage large database. It gives more accurate results when compared to conventional methods. Hence GIS is proved to be a powerful tool in managing spatial and non spatial databases in suitability evaluation.
This Presentation was given to Mr.Wasif Ali Waseer lecturer of Sociology at UMT,Lahore. In the class of Medical Sociology.The presentation covers the history about how Indigenous Health system emerged in the Pakistan. and what types of Indiginous treatments and treaters are available and followed by the people of Pakistan. And How they become victim of them
Definition and concepts of public healthVIJAY KUMAR
Whats is public health.
Brief history of public health - Sanitary awakening, Germ theory of disease, etc
What are the current definitions :- WHO, CDC etc
Basic components of public health :- health promotion, Prevention, Multisectoral coordination
And tools of public health :- surveillance, monitoring, indicators etc
THEORIES OF DISEASE, ICEBERG PHENOMENON OF DISEASE, HEALTH & ITS CONCEPTS, CHANGING CONCEPTS IN PUBLIC HEALTH, LANDMARK COMMITTEES IN THE HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN INDIA, RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
*videos, animations may not play
Presentation for the Grand European Symposium: Training, Research and Innovation in the Europe of Health”, on September 30th 2021, The Sorbonne Grand Amphitheater
210923 middletonj sorbonne vr2
Dr. Dasen Brajkovic MD:- The goal of public health is the prevention of heath crises through education and awareness. Preventative measures, based on research, are taken in order to avoid spreading disease amongst a population.
Globalization, Global Health and Public Health.
Changing Concepts of Public Health.
Causes, Aspects and Types of Globalization.
Social Changes due to Globalization.
How Globalization affects Public Health.
Globalization of Public Health.
Threats to Global Health.
A lecture on global health delivered during the Think Global Asia-Pacific Workshop on Global Health in Medical Education, December 19, 2011, University of the Philippines Manila
This presentation describes what is new public health with adapted components from the previous eras of public health. Health promotion and evolution of public health is covered here.
Introduction to public health, definition, Preventive medicine vs public health, social medicine, community medicine, role of public health, public health practices, core activities
Die Zukunft ist rosig, die Zukunft ist die öffentliche GesundheitJohn Middleton
The future's bright, the future is public health. Presentation to the MPH students introductory course Bielefeld University School of public Health, October 11th 2021. 211011 2 middleton j bielefeld main
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. CHANGING
CONCEPTS IN
PUBLIC HEALTH
Dr SAKSHI KAUR CHHABRA
2nd YR PG STUDENT
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
PACIFIC DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, DEBARI
4. INTRODUCTION
Public health refers to all organized measures (whether public or
private) to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among
the population as a whole.
Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be
healthy and focus on entire populations, not on individual patients or
diseases.
Thus, public health is concerned with the total system and not only
the eradication of a particular disease.
5. DEFINITION
Public health, as defined by C. E. A, Winslow, a leading figure in the history of
public health is defined as ‘the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging
life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community efforts
for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the
education of the individual in personal health, the organization of medical and
nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and
the development of the social machinery which will ensure to every individual in
community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance or improvement of
the health’.
6. PHASES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
In the history of public health, four distinct phases may be demarcated :
1. Disease control phase (1880 – 1920)
2. Health promotional phase (1920 – 1960)
3. Social engineering phase (1960 – 1980)
4. ‘Health for All’ phase (1981 – 2000 AD)
7. [1] DISEASE CONTROL
PHASE (1880-1920)
Public health during the 19th century was largely a matter of sanitary
legislation and sanitary reforms aimed at the control of man's physical
environment, e.g., water supply, sewage disposal, etc.
Clearly these measures were not aimed at the control of any specific disease, for
want of the needed technical knowledge.
However, these measures vastly improved the health of the people due to
disease and death control.
8. [2] HEALTH PROMOTIONAL
PHASE (1920-1960)
At the beginning of the 20th century, a new concept, the concept of
"health promotion" began to take shape.
It was realized that public health had neglected the citizen as an
individual, and that the State had a direct responsibility for the health
of the individual. Consequently, in addition to disease control
activities, one more goal was added to public health, that is, health
promotion of individuals.
It was initiated as personal health services such as mother and child
health services, school health services, industrial health services,
mental health and rehabilitation services.
9.
10. Public health nursing was a direct offshoot of this concept. Public
health departments began expanding their programs towards health
promotional activities.
C.E.A. Winslow - one of the leading figures in the history of public,
health, in 1220 defined public health as "the science and art of
preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and
efficiency through organized community effort". This definition
summarizes the philosophy of public health, which remains largely
true even today.
11. Since the State had assumed direct responsibility for the health of the
individual, two great movements were initiated for human
development during the first halt of the present century, namely
(a) Provision of "basic health services" through the medium of primary
health centres and sub centres for rural and urban areas evolution of
health centres is an important development in the history of public
health.
(b) The second great movement was the Community Development
Programme to promote village development through the active
participation of the whole community and on the initiative of the
community.
12. [3] SOCIAL ENGINEERING
PHASE (1960-1980)
With the advances in preventive medicine and practice of public
health, the pattern of disease began to change in the developed
world. Many of the acute illness problems have been brought under
control.
However, as old problems were solved, new health problems in the
form of chronic diseases began to emerge, e.g., cancer, diabetes,
cardiovascular diseases, alcoholism and drug addiction etc.
especially in the affluent societies.
13. A new concept, the concept of "risk factors" as determinants of these
diseases came into existence.
The consequences of these diseases, unlike the swift death brought by
the acute infectious diseases, was to place a chronic burden on the
society that created them. These problems brought new challenges to
public health which needed reorientation more towards social
objectives.
14. Public health entered a new phase
in the 1960s, described as the
"social engineering" phase
15. NEW PRIORITY WERE GIVEN TO
Social and behavioural aspects of disease
and health .
Public health moved into the preventive and
rehabilitative aspects of chronic diseases and
behavioural problems.
16. In short, although the term "public
health" is still used, its original
meaning has changed.
In view of its changed meaning and
scope, the term "community
health" has been preferred by some
leaders in public health.
17. [4] ‘HEALTH FOR ALL’ PHASE
(1981 -2000 AD)
As the centuries have unfolded, the glaring contrasts in the picture of
health in the developed and developing countries came into a sharper
focus, despite advances in medicine.
Most people in the developed countries, and the elite of the
developing countries, enjoy all the determinants of good health -
adequate income, nutrition, education, sanitation, safe drinking water
and comprehensive health care.
In contrast, only 10 to 20 per, cent of the population in developing
countries enjoy ready access to health services of any kind
18. Death claims 60-250 of every 1000 live births within the first year of
life, and the life expectancy is 30 per cent lower than in the developed
countries .
John Bryant in the introduction to his book: "Health and the
Developing World" presented a gloomy picture and a challenge of
inequalities in health by saying: "Large numbers of the world's people,
perhaps more than half, have no access to health care at all, and for
many of the rest the care they receive does not answer the problems
they have".
19. The global conscience was stirred leading to a new awakening that the
health gap between rich and poor within countries and between
countries should be narrowed and ultimately eliminated.
It is conceded that the neglected 80 per cent of the world's population
too have an equal claim to health care, to protection from the killer
diseases of childhood, to primary health care for mothers and children,
to treatment for those ills that mankind has long ago learnt to control,
if not to cure.
20. Against this background, in 1981, the members of the
WHO pledged themselves to an ambitious target to
provide Health for All by the year 2000, that is
attainment of a level of health that will permit all
peoples "to lead a socially and economically productive
life" .
21. 5 FAMOUS PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICIALS
WHO CHANGED THE WORLD
Below are mentioned some of the known health care officials who
under their supervision paid to the cause of public health.
1) Mc Namara
2) Lee Jong WooK
3) Dr. Mirta Roses Periago
4) Sir Edwin Chadwick
5) Dr. Margarat Chan
22. Mc Namara
Robert Strange McNamara was an
American business executive and the eighth
Secretary of defence.
Following that, he served as President of
THE WORLD BANK from 1968 to 1981.
McNamara was responsible for the institution
of systems analysis in public policy, which
developed into the discipline known today
as policy analysis.
23. Lee Jong WooK
LEE Jong-wook was nominated on 28
January 2003 by the World Health
Organization's Executive Board for the
post of Director-General of the agency
and elected to the post on 21 May by the
Member States of WHO for a five-year
term.
24. Dr. Mirta Roses Periago
Dr Mirta Roses Periago, from
Argentina, took office as Director
of the Pan American Health
Organization (PAHO) and WHO
Regional Director for the Americas
(AMRO) in 2003 and is currently
in her second term.
Director of the Pan American
Health Organization (PAHO)
25. Sir Edwin Chadwick
He was an English social reformer,
noted for his work to reform the Poor
Laws and improve sanitary conditions
and public health.
26. Dr. Margarat Chan
Dr Margaret Chan is the Director-General of
WHO and was first appointed by the World
Health Assembly on 9 November 2006. The
Assembly appointed Dr Chan for a second five-
year term at its sixty-fifth session in May 2012.
Dr Chan's current term began on 1 July 2012
and will continue until 30 June 2017.
27. 16 SURPRISING FACTS ABOUT PUBLIC
HEALTH
1. Public health systems are typically divided into three
major categories: epidemiology, biostatistics and
health services. The health services arena is the one
most of us are most familiar with.
2. Subfields of these major categories include
environmental, social, behavioral and occupational
health are subfields of the major categories.
28. 3. The focus of public health intervention should
always be the prevention of disease before the
treatment of it.
4. The UN’s World Health Organization is the
world’s most recognized health organization that
seeks to improve public health throughout the
world.
5. The head of the public health system in the US is
the Surgeon General.
29. 6. In 2000, the US government spent $4500 per capita on
public health.
7. In contrast, in many African nations, government
spending on public health is less than $10 per person.
8. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in
Atlanta, Georgia is one of the most widely recognized
public health organizations. Many people do not realize
that they work on health problems all over the world –
not just US health problems.
30. 9. One of the earliest examples of a public health system was
during the Roman times, when a system for disposing of
diversion of human waste was developed in order to prevent the
population from disease.
10. One of the biggest accomplishments of worldwide public
health programs is immunizations, and the eradication of
diseases like polio because of immunization.
11. One of the first examples of immunization came as early as
100 BC in China. Children were “inoculated” against smallpox
by putting the pus from a lesion of an infected individual into a
scratch on their arm to prevent them from contracting the
disease.
31. 12. Another example of early public health programs was in the 14th
century during the “Black Death” in Europe. Officials found that they
could stem the spread of the disease by burning portions of the cities
where infestations had been so prevalent. We now know that the disease
was rodent borne. So, burning the cities killed off the infestations of rats
that were spreading the disease.
13. The idea of quarantining those with infectious diseases came about
during the medieval period. This was also an early example of a public
health measure.
14. Even the development of regular garbage collection programs as cities
grew is an example of a public health program. Scientists quickly
discovered how dangerous garbage was to public health.
32. 15. One of the primary reasons that average life expectancy
across much of the world has increased so dramatically in the
last few years is the development of public health systems,
which have brought vaccinations, public health departments and
health education programs to the masses.
16. Today’s public health departments focus their efforts on
broadening public health’s reach through education in addition
to the work they’ve always performed. For example, newer
public health programs often educating the public about risky
behaviors, such as obesity, alcoholism and unsafe sex. These
programs seek to reduce the number of health issues related to
behavior.
33. REFERENCES
Marion Willard Eavans Jr, Chapter – 2, Basic concepts in public health, Jones
and Barlett.
WHO website.
www.googleimages.com
Park K (2015). Park’s Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine. 23RD
ed. M/s Banarasidas Bhanot publishers. Jabalpur.
The Healthy Public 2016