Head First to Container&Kubernetes
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Introduction what is container and how to use it. staring from the comparison to virtual machine and also show how to use the persistent storage and port mapping in containers. In the last part, shows what is kubernetes and what kind of problems kubernetes want to solve and how it solves.
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Head First to Container&Kubernetes
- 2. hung-wei chiu Microsoft MVP Devops @ Thundertoken Co-organizer of SDNDS-TW Co-organizer of CNTUUG Network/Kubernetes/SDN https://blog.hwchiu.com
- 4. Container ?
- 5. What ? Why ? How ?
- 12. Relationship between VMs/Containers ✖Containers Are More Agile then VMs ✖Containers Enable Hybrid and Multi- Cloud Adoption ✖Integrate Containers with Your Existing IT Process ✖Containers Save on VM Licensing ✖What About Bare Metal ✖What About Security https://blog.docker.com/2018/08/containers-replacing- virtual-machines/
- 14. How Docker Works ✖Mount namespaces ✖IPC namespaces ✖PID namespaces ✖Network namespace ✖User namespaces ✖UTS namespaces
- 15. How to start ✖Prepare docker image ○ Pull from internet ○ Build by yourself ✖Create container based on image.
- 16. How to start ✖Prepare docker image ○ Pull from internet ○ Build by yourself ✖Create container based on image.
- 18. Docker run ✖docker run -d --name ubuntu hwchiu/netutils ✖docker run -d -p 6379:6379 --name redis redis:5.0 ✖ sudo bash kubeDemo/docker/run.sh
- 19. Docker exec ✖sudo docker exec –it ubuntu bash ✖Process ○ Ps auxw ✖Mount ○ Mount ✖Network ○ Ifconfig
- 20. Connect to other container. ✖ping 172.18.0.3 ✖Ping 172.18.0.2 ✖Ping 172.18.0.1 ✖redis-cli -h 172.18.0.2 ○ Connect to container directly ✖redis-cli -h 172.18.0.1 ○ Connect to host and forward by iptables
- 21. Storage ✖Mount data from outside ○ -v source:dest ✖ sudo docker run -d --name test -v ~/kubeDemo/:/kubeDemo hwchiu/netutils ✖sudo docker exec –it test bash ○ ls /kubeDemo
- 22. How to use docker ✖Prepare the image you want ✖Run container from the image ✖Connect to container by network ✖Mount directory/file
- 23. How Container Works ?
- 24. OS Docker BusyBox b1 Docker run --name b1 hwchiu/netutils OS Docker BusyBox b2 touch … apk add … empty Docker run --name b2 hwchiu/netutils
- 25. We Need To Know How Container Works First
- 26. Image, series of read-only layers
- 27. DockerFile Image RUN APK add …. COPY RUN Yarn … a1b2c3d3xxxxx a1b2c3d3xxxxx a1b2c3d3xxxxx
- 28. Image Container 902b87aaaec9 4dcef5c50d60 c34ce3c1fcc0c 9a61b6b1315e Read Only 902b87aaaec9 4dcef5c50d60 c34ce3c1fcc0c 9a61b6b1315e https://docs.docker.com/glossary/?term=Union%20file %20system Container Layer Read Write Storage Driver Storage Driver Storage Driver Storage Driver
- 29. Container https://docs.docker.com/glossary/?term=Union%20file %20system Container Layer Container Container Layer Container Container Layer Read Write Read Write Read Write Read Only 902b87aaaec9 4dcef5c50d60 c34ce3c1fcc0c 9a61b6b1315e
- 30. When the container is deleted, the writable layer is also deleted.
- 31. The underlying image remains unchanged
- 32. So, Persistent Data ?
- 34. Docker volume create vol Docker run –d –v vol:/app nginx Docker run –d -v /home/nginx:/app nginx
- 35. How about advance storage functions ?
- 36. Storage feature ✖Snapshot ? ✖Dedup (de duplicated) ✖Replica ✖Redundant (RAID?) ✖FileSystem (EXT4/BTRFS/ZFS?) ✖Read/Write Cache ? ✖LVM ?
- 37. Networking
- 38. Container -> WAN WAN -> Container Container -> Container
- 40. Docker Use Bridge Network To Provide Network Connectivity by default.
- 42. br0 br0 br0br0br0 Container vth1 vth1vth1 Linux Host Linux Host Linux Host Linux HostLinux HostLinux Host ContainerContainerContainer vth0vth0vth0
- 43. Network namespace demo ns ns eth0eth0 br0vth0 vth0 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.1 1.2.3.5
- 44. Docker run –p 6379:6379 nginx
- 45. ✖Sudo iptables-save –t nat | grep DOCKER
- 46. How About Advanced Networking Features?
- 47. Docker provides the basic functionality of storage/network
- 48. Docker-compose
- 49. Docker compose ✖Use a YAML to configure your application’s services. ✖Running multi-container applications. ✖Friendly for VCS/CI/CD
- 50. Docker-compose up version: '3' services: app: image: hwchiu/netutils:latest networks: - redis-net depends_on: - redis redis: image: redis:5.0 hostname: redis networks: - redis-net networks: redis-net:
- 53. OS Docker Nginx OS Docker Redis OS Docker Backend 1 OS Docker Backend 2 Shared Storage Data Sync
- 56. Access Control Service Discovery Computing Resources (CPU/GPU) Service Mesh Container Deployment ……
- 59. Kubernetes is becoming the Linux of the cloud Jim Zemlin, Linux Foundation
- 60. Before kubernetes ✖Google has been running containerized workloads in production. ○ Virtually everything runs as a container. ✖Borg: The predecessor to Kubernetes ○ Long-rumored internal container- oriented cluster-management system. ○ Pod ○ Services ○ Label https://kubernetes.io/blog/2015/04/borg-predecessor-to- kubernetes/
- 61. Kubernetes architecture Users Control Plane Nodes https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/boy_145867 API Server Scheduler Controller Node (VM) Node (Bare Metal) Node (Container) CLI DISPATCH
- 62. Kubernetes architecture Users Control Plane Nodes https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/boy_145867 API Server Scheduler Controller Node (VM) Node (Bare Metal) Node (Container) CLI DISPATCH I want to deploy a container
- 63. Kubernetes architecture Users Control Plane Nodes https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/boy_145867 API Server Scheduler Controller Node (VM) Node (Bare Metal) Node (Container) CLI DISPATCH Find a target node
- 64. Kubernetes architecture Users Control Plane Nodes https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/boy_145867 API Server Scheduler Controller Node (VM) Node (Bare Metal) Node (Container) CLI DISPATCH Dispatch Container
- 65. Kubernetes architecture Users Control Plane Nodes https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/boy_145867 API Server Scheduler Controller Node (VM) Node (Bare Metal) Node (Container) CLI DISPATCH Running Container
- 66. Scheduler
- 67. Host 1 Host 2 Host 3 Host 4 Host 5 Host 6 Host 7 Host 1 Host 2 Host 3 Host 4 Host 5 Host 6 Host 7 Host 2 Host 3 Host 4 Host 5 Host 6 Host 6 Predicate Priority Select
- 69. Core Primitives
- 71. Workloads ✖Pod ✖Deployment ✖Daemon Set ✖Job ✖Cron Job ✖Stateful Set ✖Replica Set
- 72. pod ✖A single instances of application in Kubernetes ✖Group of containers ✖Those containers shares ○ IP address ○ File System ○ Network namespace
- 74. Pod ✖cd kubeDemo/services/application ✖kubectl apply –f ubuntu.yml ✖kubectl get pods –o wide ○ Get the IP address of that pod. ✖kubectl describe pod ubuntu ○ Show pod detail ✖kubectl exec –it ubuntu bash ○ Like `docker exec …` ✖kubectl delete pod ubuntu ○ kubectl get pods
- 75. replica Set ✖Maintain a stable set of replica Pods running at any given time. ✖Guarantee the availability of a specified number of identical Pods.
- 76. Replica Set replica=3 Node Node Node Node Pod Pod Pod
- 77. deployment ✖Rollouts as a Service ✖Update ○ Rolling update ○ Recreate ✖Manage Replica Set and Pod
- 78. Deployment - replicas: 3 - version: v1 Replica Set replica=3 Pod Pod Pod Deployment
- 79. Deployment - replicas: 3 - version: v1 Replica Set replica=3 Pod Pod Pod Deployment Deployment - replicas: 0 - version: v2 Replica Set replica=0 Deployment
- 80. Deployment - replicas: 3 - version: v1 Replica Set replica=3 Pod Pod Pod Deployment Deployment - replicas: 1 - version: v2 Replica Set replica=1 Pod Deployment
- 81. Deployment - replicas: 2 - version: v1 Replica Set replica=2 Pod Pod Deployment Deployment - replicas: 1 - version: v2 Replica Set replica=1 Pod Deployment
- 82. Deployment - replicas: 2 - version: v1 Replica Set replica=3 Pod Pod Deployment Deployment - replicas: 2 - version: v2 Replica Set replica=2 Pod Pod Deployment
- 83. Deployment - replicas: 1 - version: v1 Replica Set replica=1 Pod Deployment Deployment - replicas: 2 - version: v2 Replica Set replica=2 Pod Pod Deployment
- 84. Deployment - replicas: 1 - version: v1 Replica Set replica=1 Pod Deployment Deployment - replicas: 3 - version: v2 Replica Set replica=3 Pod Pod Pod Deployment
- 85. Deployment - replicas: 0 - version: v1 Replica Set replica=0 Deployment Deployment - replicas: 3 - version: v2 Replica Set replica=3 Pod Pod Pod Deployment
- 86. Deployment ✖cd kubeDemo/services/deployment ✖kubectl apply –f redis.yml ✖kubectl get pods –o wide ○ Get the IP address of all pod. ✖kubectl exec –it redis-xxx bash ○ Like `docker exec …` ✖kubectl delete pod redis-xxxx ○ kubectl get pods ✖kubectl get pods –o wide ○ Get the IP address of all pod.
- 87. Network
- 88. network ✖Network Connectivity ○ Container to Container (Same Node) ○ Container to Container (Cross Node) ✖Service ○ Wan to Container ✖Ingress ○ Wan to Container ✖Network Policy
- 89. Network connectivity ✖Container Network Plugin (CNI) ✖Container to Container (Same Node) ○ Simplest approach is bridge mode ○ Same as Docker default network ✖Container to Container (Cross Node) ○ Overlay Network (VXLAN/GRE) ○ L3 Routing ○ … etc
- 90. Pod network ✖Group of Containers share same network environment ✖Communicate by localhost ○ Use same IP address ○ Port conflict ✖How does it works ?
- 93. Pod infrastructure Pod 172.17.17.2 PID/Network/UTC Namespace Container Pause eth0 Container Nginx Container Redis All user-defined containers are attached to Pause container.
- 96. Before We Talk About Service, We Must Know Why Service Exist.
- 97. Deployment Node1 Nginx Node2 Nginx Node3 Nginx Kubernetes Cluster ✖Deployment: ○ Ngnix ○ Replica: 3 10.123.234.56 10.123.234.57 10.123.234.58
- 98. Access ✖How does application access those Nginx servers? ✖IP address ○ 10.123.234.56:80 ○ 10.123.234.57:80 ○ 10.123.234.58:80
- 99. Deployment Node1 Nginx Node2 Nginx Node3 Nginx Kubernetes Cluster ✖Deployment: ○ Ngnix ○ Replica: 3 10.123.234.56 10.123.234.57 10.123.234.58
- 100. Deployment Node1 Nginx Node2 Nginx Node3 Nginx Kubernetes Cluster ✖Deployment: ○ Ngnix ○ Replica: 3 10.123.234.56 10.123.234.57 10.123.234.75
- 101. That’s Why We Need Service
- 102. Service Node1 Nginx Node2 Nginx Node3 Nginx Kubernetes Cluster 10.123.234.56 10.123.234.57 10.123.234.58 App Service Nginx
- 103. Service ✖Application to Service ○ We use the DNS to access the service. ○ $(service).$(namespace).cluster.local ✖Service to Pods ○ Service maintains all IP addresses of all Pods. ○ We call it endpoints
- 104. services ✖cd kubeDemo/services/service ✖kubectl apply –f redis-cluster ✖kubectl get svc ○ Get service detail ✖kubectl exec –it ubuntu bash ○ Like `docker exec …` ○ nslookup redis-cluster
- 105. summary ✖Kubernetes use CNI to provide the basic network function for Pods ✖Service provide a DNS entry for all backend servers
- 107. Ask Yourself Before Using it
- 108. Do I Really Need Kubernetes ?
- 109. How Powerful Kubernetes Is ?
- 110. Flexible Infrastructure ✖Plugin Based ○ Container Runtime Interface ○ Device Plugin ○ Container Storage Interface ○ Container Network Interface ✖Developing life cycle ✖Support by third-party
- 113. CRI ✖Is container omniscient ? ✖Containerlized applications ○ Dockerfile ? ○ Refactor? ✖Treat container as Virtual Machine ✖Micro Service ?
- 114. Device Plugin ✖Third-party plugin ○ Nvidia GPU ○ RDMA ○ SRIOV ○ AMD GPU ○ Intel GPU/FPGA/Quick-Assist ✖Are those plugin production-ready ? ○ Stable?
- 115. GPU ✖GPU Device Plugin ✖GPU virtualization ✖GPU Dispatches ○ Node1: 1 ○ Node2: 1 ○ Node3: 0 ✖Pod require 2 GPU ○ ? ✖Two Pods use 1 GPU in Node 1 ○ ?
- 117. Storage ✖Container Storage Interface ✖Connect to storage provider ✖Can kubernetes handle all storage issues ?
- 118. Storage ✖FileSystem ○ Zfs/ext4/btrfs/…etc ✖Block Device ✖Distributed FS ○ Ceph/GlusterFS/BeeGFS ✖RAID/LVM ✖Read/Write Cache
- 120. Summary ✖Kubernetes doesn’t provide any storage function. ✖It rely on backend storage provider. ✖Choose a proper storage to meet your requirement ✖Learn the concept/knowledge about storage
- 121. Network ✖Container Container Interface ✖A binary to setup the networking function ✖Can kubernetes handle all networking issues ?
- 122. Network ✖Network Topology ○ Fat-Tree, Leaf-Spine, ○ LAG, MC-LAG, Bonding ✖Routing related ○ BGP, OSPF, DSR, RIP ○ ECMP ✖Network protocol ○ IPv4/IPv6/Multicast/Broadcast/TCP/UDP /MPTCP/STCP/QUIC ✖Network tools ○ Iptables/tun/tap
- 123. Network ✖SDN concept ○ Switch ○ Controller ✖Logical Network ○ VLAN/VXLAN/GRE/NVGRE ✖High Performance Network ○ DPDK/RDMA/Smart NIC
- 124. What you want? ✖IPv4 Address ○ Multiple addresses? ✖Connect to Host ○ Veth ○ Host-local ○ SRIOV ? ✖Routing ○ Static/Dynamic ✖Overlay network
- 125. summary ✖CNI provide the network connectivity ✖Service/Ingress may conflict with CNI ✖Need experience to debug networking issues
- 127. summary ✖Know what you want first ✖Evaluation ✖Check third-party solution ○ Production Ready? ○ Testing? ✖Check your resources