Hazard Communication Training Program

© 2006 RiskAnalytics, LLC Page 1
Hazard Communication
Training Program
© 2006 RiskAnalytics, LLC

Disclaimer
The information, suggestions and recommendations contained herein are for
general informational purposes only. This information has been compiled from
sources believed to be reliable. No warranty, guarantee, or representation,
either expressed or implied, is made as to the correctness or sufficiency of any
representation contained herein. Reliance upon, or compliance with, any of
the information, suggestions or recommendations contained herein in no way
guarantees the fulfillment of your obligations under your insurance policy or as
may otherwise be required by any laws, rules or regulations. This Information
should not be construed as business, risk management or legal advice, or
legal opinion.
Page 2

Learning Objectives
 Describe the basic principles of the Hazard Communication
Standard
 Describe basic elements of chemicals and how they can enter
the body
 Categorize the types of chemical hazards
 Describe the health and safety effects of exposure to hazardous
chemicals
 Describe the GHS labeling and placarding requirements for
chemicals
 Describe the basic information on a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Introduction
 About 32 million workers work with and are potentially
exposed to one or more chemical hazards
 Millions of chemicals and chemical products exist today, and
hundreds of new ones introduced annually
 Chemical exposure may cause or contribute to many serious
health effects such as heart ailments, CNS damage, kidney
and lung damage, sterility, cancer, burns, and rashes
 Some chemicals may also be safety hazards and have the
potential to cause fires and explosions and other serious
accidents

Why a HazCom Program?
 Employees have both a need and a right to know the
hazards and identities of the chemicals to which they are
exposed
 Employees have both a need and a right to know the
necessary protective measures to prevent injury or illness.
 Federal and State Regulations Require it!
 Three of the top 25 violations are in Hazard Communication
0
50
100
150
200
250
No
Written
Plan
Inadequate
Information /
Training
No
Labeling
AnnualNumberof
Violations

First, a little Chemistry - Three States of Matter
 Solid - A solid has a definite shape and volume
regardless of the container into which it is placed.
 Liquid - A quantity of liquid has a definite volume, but
takes on the shape of its container.
 Gas - A quantity of gas has the shape and volume of the
container it occupies.
Solid Liquid Gas
Sulfur
dioxide

Physical & Chemical Properties
 Boiling Point: Temperature at which a liquid changes to gas
 Example: Water boils at 212 ｡
F
 Importance: It determines whether a substance will be a liquid
or gas at ambient temperature
 Corrosiveness: A compound that can quickly damage skin,
metal, or other solids
 Example: If strong acids or bases are stored in metal
containers, they will rapidly eat through the container
 Importance: Corrosives can harm skin, lungs, eyes,
mouth and stomach
 Solubility: The measure of how readily a chemical
dissolves in water
 Example: Alcohol readily mixes with water; motor oil does not
 Importance: If a liquid spills into a waterway and is not soluble,
it will either float or sink

Physical & Chemical Properties, continued
 Viscosity: Having relatively high resistance to flow.
 Example: Water has a low viscosity, while heavy crude oil has a much
greater viscosity
 Importance: Highly viscous materials may become less viscous at
higher temperatures and spread rapidly
 Vapor Pressure: The pressure characteristic at any given
temperature of a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid
form
 Example: Vapor pressure of acetone is 400mm; that of Xylene is
6.72mm. The higher the number the faster it will evaporate
 Importance: Materials with high vapor pressure can create toxic
atmospheres within work areas
 Volatility: This refers to how readily a liquid will vaporize or
evaporate
 Example: Gasoline is a volatile liquid
 Importance: A volatile liquid can give off vapors which may be toxic,
explosive and/or be an asphyxiant.

 Vapor Density: Relative weight of gas or vapor as compared
to air which has a vapor density of 1
 Example: Methane gas has a vapor density of 0.6, and will rise, while
FREON 113 has vapor density of 1.6
 Importance: Vapors / gases may be toxic, explosive and / or
asphyxiant
 Flammability: The ease in which a material (gas, liquid or
solid) will ignite
 Example: Gasoline and acryolnitrile are flammable liquids, while
propane is a flammable gas
 Importance: The flammability of a substance is important to know to
determine potential for a fire
 Flash Point: Minimum temperatures at which a liquid or
volatile solid will produce gases/vapors to form ignitable
mixture
 Example: Gasoline has a flash point of -45 degree F while diesel fuel
has a flash point of 120 degree F.

Flammable and Explosive Limits
 Lower Flammable Limit (LFL), or lower explosive limit
(LEL), is the lowest concentration of air-fuel mixture at
which a gas or vapor can ignite.
 Upper Flammable Limit (UFL), or upper explosive limit
(UEL), is the highest concentration of air-fuel mixture that
can be ignited.

Chemical Effects – Health Hazards
 The degree of harm caused by exposure to a toxic chemical
generally increases with exposure level, but is also
dependent upon the length of exposure, and the person’s
fitness
 Acute effect - An adverse effect resulting from a single exposure with
symptoms shortly after exposure occurs
 Chronic effects - An adverse effect resulting from repeated low level
exposure, with symptoms that develop slowly over a long period of time
or that recur frequently
 Types of adverse reactions:
 Irritants
 Corrosives
 Allergic Sensitizers
 Asphyxiants
 Systemic Poisons
 Blood Toxins, Neurotoxins, Hepatotoxins, Nephrotoxins

Chemical Exposure Limits
 Regulations require that the maximum quantity of a chemical
that a person can be exposed to without suffering adverse
health effects be established
 Generally defined two ways:
 Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) – is a legal limit in the United
States for exposure of an employee to a substance or physical agent.
 Established by OSHA
 Expressed in in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per cubic
meter (mg/m3)
 Threshold limit value (TLV) – defines the reasonable level to which a
worker can be exposed without adverse health effects.
 Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)
 Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL)
 Ceiling (TLV-C)

Routes of Entry
 Absorption through contact with the skin or eyes
 Rate of absorption is influenced by the health of the
skin and the properties of the chemical
 Skin that is dry or cracked or has lacerations offers less
resistance
 Inhalation through breathing gases, vapors,
mists or dusts
 Chemicals enter and irritate the nose, air passages and
lungs
 Can become deposited in the airways or be absorbed
through the lungs into the bloodstream.
 Ingestion
 Chemicals get in or on food, cigarettes, utensils or
hands and are swallowed.
 Substances can be absorbed into the blood and then
transported to the rest of the body.
 The route of exposure can determine whether or
not the chemical substance has an effect


Control Strategies
Hazardous materials can be used safely in workplaces if
adequate control strategies are implemented to prevent
exposure to those chemicals.
Hierarchy of Controls:
 Elimination or Substitution – seeks to eliminate the
hazard using such strategies as removal from the
workplace or substitution of a safer chemical
 Engineering Controls – seeks to control the hazard at
the source by using such strategies as total enclosure
or ventilation
 Administrative or Work Practice Controls - changes
work practices to reduce or eliminate exposure
through work breaks and rotating work shifts
 Personal Protective Equipment – PPE is the last
choice because it does nothing to reduce the levels of
contamination
More
Effective
More
Effective
Less
Effective
Less
Effective

Hazard Communication Program Requirements
 Identify and list hazardous chemicals in the workplace
 Obtain Safety Data Sheets (SDS's) and labels for each
hazardous chemical as required by the Global
Harmonized System (GHS)
 Implement a written HazCom program, including labels,
SDS's, and employee training
 Communicate hazard information to employees
CHEMICALS LIST
PRODUCTNAME SIGNAL WORD
(Danger, Warning, Caution,
Corrosive, Irritant, etc.)
LOCATIONOF USE
(Shop, Field, Milkhouse,
Farmequipment, etc.)
Example: Gasoline Danger/Flammable Shop and Farm Equipment
SIGNAL WORD
(Danger, Warning, Caution,
LOCATIONOF USE
(Shop, Field, Milkhouse,
Farmequipment, etc.)
Written
Hazard
Communication
Program

Label and Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
Guiding Principles
 Information should be conveyed in more than one way
 Comprehensibility of the components of the system
should take into account existing studies and evidence
gained from testing
 Phrases used to indicate the degree (severity) of hazard
should be consistent across different hazard types
 Format and Color of the label elements, and SDS
format should be standardized

Labels
 The Working Group identified approximately 35 different
types of information currently required on labels by
different systems
 To harmonize, key information elements need to be
identified
 Additional harmonization may occur on other elements
in time, in particular, for precautionary statements

Labels
Required Elements
Page 18
 Symbols & Pictograms
 Signal Words
 Physical, Health, Environmental Hazard Statements
 Precautionary Statements
 Product Name or Identifier
 Supplier Information (Name, Address, Phone)

Labels
Symbols & Pictograms
 Convey health, physical and environmental hazard
information, assigned to a GHS hazard class and category
 Pictograms include harmonized hazard symbols plus
other graphic elements, such as borders, background
patterns or colors, which are intended to convey specific
information
 A black frame may be used for shipments within one
country
 Where a transport pictogram appears, the GHS
pictogram for the same hazard should not appear
Page 19

Labels
GHS Symbols & Pictograms
Page 20

Labels
Page 21
 Explosives
 Self Reactive
 Organic Peroxides
 Flammables
 Self Reactive
 Pyrophoric
 Self-Heating
 Emits Flammable Gas
 Oxidizers

Labels
Page 22
 Gases Under Pressure
 Corrosives
 Carcinogen
 Respiratory Sensitizer
 Reproductive Toxicity
 Target Organ Toxicity
 Mutagenicity
 Aspiration Toxicity

Labels
Page 23
 Acute Toxicity
 Irritant
 Dermal Sensitizer
 Acute Toxicity (Harmful)
 Narcotic Effects
 Respiratory Tract Irritation
 Environmental Toxicity (Aquatic)

Labels
Transport Symbols & Pictograms
Page 24

Labels
Page 25
 Explosive Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
 Explosive Division 1.5

Labels
Page 26
 Flammable Liquid
 Flammable Gas
 Flammable Aerosol
 Substances, which in contact with water, emit
flammable gases (Dangerous When Wet)
 Oxidizing Gases
 Oxidizing Liquids
 Oxidizing Solids
 Compressed Gases

Labels
Page 27
 Acute Toxicity (Poison) – Oral, Dermal,
Inhalation
 Pyrophoric (Spontaneously Combustible)
 Self-Heating Substances
 Corrosive

Labels
Signal Words
 The signal word indicates the relative degree of severity
of a hazard. The signal words used in GHS are:
 "Danger" for the more severe hazards
 "Warning" for the less severe hazards
 Signal words are standardized and assigned to hazard
categories within endpoints
 Some lower level hazard categories do not use signal
words
Page 28

Labels
Hazard Statements
 Hazard statements are standardized and assigned
phrases describing the hazard(s) as determined by
hazard classification
 An appropriate statement for each GHS hazard should
be included on the label for products possessing more
than one hazard
 Examples:
 “Highly flammable liquid and vapor”
 “Toxic in contact with skin”
 “Harmful to aquatic life”
Page 29

Labels
Precautionary Statements
 Phrases (and/or pictograms) describing recommended
measures required to minimize or prevent adverse
effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous product,
or improper storage or handling of a hazardous product
 Five types of precautionary statements:
 General
 Prevention
 Response (in case of spillage or exposure)
 Storage
 Disposal
Page 30

Labels
Product Name or Identifier
 Chemical identity of the substance
 For mixtures and alloys, chemical identities of all
ingredients/alloying elements contributing to the hazard
of the mixture/alloy (as specified by the competent
authority)
 Proper shipping name (for substances/mixtures covered
by the UN Model Regulations)
 For substances/mixtures used exclusively in the
workplace, a competent authority may authorize
chemical identities to be included only in the SDS
Page 31

Labels
Supplier Identification
 Name, address and telephone number of the
manufacturer or supplier of the chemical
substance/mixture
Page 32

Labels
Arrangement
 The GHS hazard pictograms, signal word and hazard
statements should be located together on the label
 The actual label format or layout is not specified in GHS
 National authorities may choose to specify where
information should appear on the label or allow supplier
discretion
Page 33

Labels
Example of Arrangement (1)
Page 34

Labels
Example of Arrangement (2)
Page 35

Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
 Provide comprehensive information of a
substance/mixture for use in the workplace
 Information provided enables the employer:
 To develop worker protection measures specific to the
exposures and workplace environment
 To consider measures to protect the environment
 Applies to:
 All mixtures/substances meeting GHS criteria
 Other substances not meeting GHS criteria but containing
hazardous substances in certain concentrations (as
required by competent authority)
Page 36

Safety Data Sheets
Sections
 The following 16 categories should be presented:
Page 37

Safety Data Sheets
Section 1 – Identification
 Identification of the substance of mixture
 GHS identifier
 Other unique identifiers
 Supplier details
 Name, full address and phone number(s)
 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on
use
 Emergency contact information
Page 38

Safety Data Sheets
Section 2 – Hazard Identification
 Classification of the substance or mixture and any
national or regional information
 GHS labels elements, including precautionary
statements
 Other hazards which do not result in classification
Page 39

Safety Data Sheets
Section 3 - Composition/Information on Ingredients
 Substances
 Chemical identity
 Common name, synonyms
 CAS number and/or other unique identifiers
 Impurities and stabilizing additives which are themselves
classified and which contribute to the classification of the
substance
 Mixtures (for all hazardous ingredients)
 Chemical identity
 Identification number
 Concentration range
Page 40

Safety Data Sheets
Section 4 - First Aid Measures
 Description
 Should be subdivided by the different routes of exposure
(i.e. inhalation, absorbsion, and ingestion)
 Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed
 If needed, indication of,
 Immediate medical attention
 Special treatment
Page 41

Safety Data Sheets
Section 5 – Firefighting Measures
 Suitable (and unsuitable) extinguishing media
 Specific hazards arising from the chemical (i.e. nature
of any hazardous combustion products)
 Special protective equipment and precautions for
firefighters
Page 42

Safety Data Sheets
Section 6 – Accidental Release Measures
 Personal precautions, protective equipment and
emergency procedures
 Environmental precautions
 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Page 43

Safety Data Sheets
Section 7 – Handling and Storage
 Precautions for safe handling
 Conditions for safe storage, including any
incompatibilities
Page 44

Safety Data Sheets
Section 8 – Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
 Control parameters (i.e. occupational exposure limit
values or biological limit values)
 Appropriate engineering controls
 Individual protection measures including personal
protective equipment (PPE)
Page 45

Safety Data Sheets
Section 9 – Physical and Chemical Properties
Page 46

Safety Data Sheets
Section 10 – Stability and Reactivity
 Reactivity
 Chemical stability
 Possibility of hazardous reactions
 Conditions to avoid
 Incompatible materials
 Hazard decomposition products
Page 47

Safety Data Sheets
Section 11 – Toxicological Information
 Concise but complete and comprehensible
description of the various toxicological (health)
effects and available data used to identify those
effects, including:
 Information on likely routes of exposure (inhalation,
ingestion, absorbsion)
 Symptoms related to physical, chemical and toxicological
characteristics
 Delayed and immediate effects and also chronic effects
from short and long-term exposure
 Numerical measures of toxicity (such as acute toxicity
estimates)
Page 48

Safety Data Sheets
Section 12 – Ecological Information
 Ecotoxicity (aquatic and terrestrial, where available)
 Persistence and degradability
 Bio-accumulative potential
 Mobility in soil
 Other adverse effects
Page 49

Safety Data Sheets
Section 13 – Disposal Considerations
 Disposal methods
 Description of waste residues and information on their
safe handling and methods of disposal, including
disposal of any contaminated packaging
Page 50

Safety Data Sheets
Section 14 – Transport Information
 UN number
 UN proper shipping name
 Transport hazard classes
 Packing group, if applicable
 Marine pollutant (Yes/No)
 Special precautions which a user needs to be aware of
or needs to comply with in connection with transport or
conveyance either within or outside their premises
Page 51

Safety Data Sheets
Section 15 – Regulatory Information
 Any regulatory information not provided elsewhere in
the SDS
 Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for
the chemical/mixture in question
Page 52

Safety Data Sheets
Section 16 – Other Information
 Date of preparation of the latest version of the SDS
 Any indication of changes made to the previous revision
 Key/legend to abbreviations and acronyms used within
the SDS
 Key literature references and sources for data use to
compile the SDS
Page 53

In The Event of Exposure
 Always read the label and MSDS for every
chemical you work with
 Emergency procedures may include
 Eyes: Flush with water for 15 minutes
 Skin: Remove contaminated clothing and wash
affected areas with soap and water,
 Inhalation: Move to fresh air
 Swallowing: Get immediate emergency
medical assistance
 Do you know where eyewash stations,
emergency showers, and first-aid kits are
located?
 Do you know how to use them?

Summary
 The HazCom Standard requires a written program, material safety
data sheet, proper chemical labeling and training
 Chemical can enter the body through absorption, inhalation, and
ingestion and at excessive levels have severe toxic effects
 Hazard control strategies include elimination or substitution,
engineering and administrative controls and personal protective
equipment
 PPE is the last choice because it does nothing to reduce the
hazard or level of potential contamination
 Safety Data Sheets must include information on physical and
chemical characteristics, health effects, exposure limits,
carcinogenicity, and identification of the organization responsible
for preparing the sheet
 Safety Data Sheets must be readily accessible to all employees in
their work area/work site
 Chemical labels must include the identity of the chemical, specific
health hazards including target organs

GHS Implementation Worldwide
 United States OSHA - http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/global.html
 Health Canada - http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/intactiv/ghs-
sgh/index-eng.php
 European Union -
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/chemicals/classification/index_en.ht
m
 Safe Work Australia -
http://safeworkaustralia.gov.au/safetyinyourworkplace/HazardousSubstanc
esAndDangerousGoods/GHS/Pages/GHS.aspx
 United Kingdom HSE - http://www.hse.gov.uk/ghs/
 Other Countries -
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/implementation_e.html
Page 56

Information Sources
 United Nations -
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_welco
me_e.html
 United States OSHA -
http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/ghs.html

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