This document discusses various chemical hazards found in pharmaceutical industries. It describes hazards associated with sulphonating agents like fuming sulphuric acid which can cause corrosion. Organic solvents like acetone, acetonitrile, toluene and xylene are commonly used but pose health risks if inhaled or absorbed in high quantities. Control measures for chemical hazards include designated areas, engineering controls like ventilation, exhaust systems and fume hoods. Personal protective equipment including protective clothing, gloves and respirators are also recommended. Proper storage, labeling and limiting lone work with hazardous chemicals can help manage risks.

1. Presenter:
Amruta Balekundri
M.Pharm 2ND semester,
Department of Pharmaceutical Quality
Assurance,
KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi.
1

2. Contents
• Introduction to chemical hazard
• Sulphonating Hazard
• Organic solvent hazard
• Control Measure for chemical hazards
2

3. Chemical hazards
• A chemical hazard is a type of occupational hazard caused
by exposure to chemicals in the workplace. Exposure
to chemicals in the workplace can cause acute or long-term
detrimental health effects.
3

4. Types of Chemical Hazards
• Irritant chemicals
• Sensitizers
• Toxic Chemicals
• Asphyxiates
• Anesthetic and Narcotic
• Systematic poisons
• Respiratory fibro gens
• Carcinogens
4

5. Sulphonating hazard
• The introduction of sulphonic acid group in benzene ring is
called sulphonation.
• When benzene is heated with fuming sulphuric acid or
concentrated sulphuric acid it yields benzene sulphonic acid.
• The sulphonating hazard is due to the corrosive natur of six-
membered ring structure and fumes of Sulphur trioxide.
5

6. Ethyl methanesulfonate
6
• Ethyl methanesulfonate is sulphonating agent.
• Ethyl methanesulfonate is a mutagenic, teratogenic, and
carcinogenic organic compound.
• It produces random mutations in genetic material by
nucleotide substitution

7. Organic Solvent Hazard
• ORGANIC SOLVENTS are one of the most trivialized
hazards. They are used for a million purposes in chemical
reactions.
• Some of the regularly used organic solvents are Acetone,
Acetonitrile, Cyclohexane, and Ethanol, Methyl alcohol,
Toluene and xylene.
7

8. • Almost every organic solvent is health hazard if swallowed or
inhaled more than the listed quantity. Most of the organic
solvents are skin irritants if came contact with the skin.
• The Impact will be based on the Concentration of the solvent
and duration of exposure and the toxicity of the solvent.
• Signs and symptoms suggestive of CNS involvement range
from headaches, tiredness, and dizziness to behavioural
changes, unconsciousness, and death.
8

9. Acetonitrile
• Acetonitrile is a harmful substance that has unfriendly
wellbeing impacts and can prompt Death.
• The potential for Acetonitrile danger relies on upon the sum,
course, time and recurrence of exposure;
• By inward breath of Acetonitrile vapors or by the retention of
the fluid or vapors through the skin and eyes the introduction
occurs in human body.
• Indications are typically stomach torment, writhing’s, worked
breathing, shortcoming, obviousness and redness in the skin
and eyes
9

10. Toluene
• The CNS is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in
both humans and animals for acute and chronic exposures.
• The individuals exposed to toluene for longer durations suffer
CNS disorders and narcosis showing following symptoms
Headache, Nausea, and drowsiness. Exposure at higher
concentrations result Cardiac arrhythmia.
10

11. Xylene
• Xylene is a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon widely used
pharmaceutical industries and research agencies as solvent.
• Xylene threshold limit value in the working environment is
100ppm.Xylene vapour is absorbed rapidly through the lungs,
and xylene liquid and vapour are absorbed slowly through the
skin.
11

12. Control methods for chemical hazards
A. Designated Area
B. Engineering Controls –
1. Dilution Ventilation
2. Local Exhaust Ventilation
3. Fume Hoods
12

13. Control methods for chemical hazards
C. Work Practice Controls
1. Chemical Transportation
2. No Eating, Drinking and Smoking
3. Pipetting( No oral pippetting)
4. Personal Hygiene
5. Housekeeping
D . Standard Operating Procedure
13

14. Control methods for chemical hazards
E. Personal Protective equipments
Examples:-
• Protective clothing
• Gloves
• Eye Protection
• Respirators
• Face Shields
14

15. Management of Over Exposure to Chemicals:
• Removal from Exposure
• Resuscitation
• Decontamination
• Symptomatic Treatment.
15

16. Chemical Safety: Ten Basic Rules
1.Know the hazards of chemicals in use.
2.Label all chemicals & their waste properly.
3.Use PPE while handling hazardous chemicals.
4.Work with volatile & hazardous chemicals in a fume hood.
5.Store flammables properly.
16

17. Chemical Safety: Ten Basic Rules
6.Do not work alone with hazardous chemicals.
7.Maintain clear access to exits, showers & eyewashes.
8.Keep work areas free to clutter.
9.Wash promptly when chemical contacts skin.
10.Do not eat, drink, and apply cosmetics in lab.
17

18. References
•PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING UNIT OPERATIONS PART 2
BY- C.V.SUBRAMANYAM.EDITION 2
• ASIAN JOURNAL OF PAHERMACEUTICAL AND CLINICAL
RESEARCH ,Vol 11, Issue 2, 2018 Online - 2455-3891 Print - 0974-2441
CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: AN
OVERVIEW PRINCY AGARWAL*, ANJU GOYAL, RAJAT VAISHNAV
• http://www.rroij.com/open-access/health-hazards-of-organic-
solvents.php?aid=57418 for organic solvent
• https://studylib.net/doc/13197366/chemical-hazards---
recognition--evaluation-and-control
18

19. 19