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HANDLING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY.pptdfgdfg
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- 2. 2 HANDLING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY REF.HSE-OH-ST09
- 3. 3 Chemical & BiologicalHazards and Risk Control
- 4. 4 Classification of Occupational HealthHazards Physical: Machinery, Electricity, Heat, Noise Chemical: Acids, Alkalis, Asbestos Biological: HIV Virus, Legionella, Bacteria Ergonomic: Posture problems, Fatigue Psychological: Stress, Shock, Anxiety
- 5. 5 Classification of HealthHazards Health Hazard Workplace health hazard Health effect of exposure Physical Noise Noise Induced Hearing Loss(NIHL) Chemical Asbestos Asbestosis Biological Rats urine Leptospirosis / Weil’s Disease Ergonomic Repetitive tasks Work Related Upper Limb Disorders (WRULD)
- 6. 6 PHYSICAL FORMS OF HAZARDOUSSUBSTANCES • Gases (CO2) • Vapour (toluene) • Mists and aerosols (deodorant) • Smoke (coal burning) • Fumes (welding) • Dusts (floor mill dust) • Liquids (chemicals) • Solids (Lead ingot)
- 7. 7 Hazardous Substances Symbols(1) Irritant: Inflammation on contact with skin, eyes or mucous membrane may cause inflammation e.g. adhesives and detergents Corrosive: Destruction of living tissue at point of contact (skin). Strong acids or alkalis i.e. H2SO4, Caustic, Ammonia
- 8. 8 Hazardous Substances Symbols(2) Harmful: Substances which if swallowed, inhaled or penetrate the skin may cause damage to health e.g. Trichloroethylene Very Toxic: Poisonous substances which in very low quantities may cause death, acute chronic damage to health e.g. cyanide
- 9. 9 Hazardous Substances Symbols(3) Toxic: Poisonous substances which in low quantities may cause death, acute chronic damage to health e.g. Lead, Mercury, Arsenic Carcinogenic: Substances which cause disorders in cell growth that may lead to cancer or increase its incidence e.g. Benzene
- 10. 10 Hazardous Substances Symbols(3) Mutagenic: Substances which induce hereditable genetic defects or increase their incidence. Teratogenic: Toxic for reproduction. Substances which produce or increase the incidence of non-heritable effects in progeny.
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- 14. 14 Ill-health Effect: Definitions Acute: Is an immediate or rapidly produced adverse effect, following a single or short-term exposure to a hazardous substance, usually with a rapid or immediate response which is normally reversible. Chronic: Adverse health effect resulting from prolonged, repeated exposure to a hazardous substance the response being gradual (often unrecognised for a long time) may get worse with no further exposure and is often irreversible.
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- 17. 17 Routes of Entry a)Inhalation b) Ingestion c) Absorption d) Injection (Direct Entry)
- 18. 18 Routes of Entry Inhalation •mostimportant route of entry •substances can directly attack lung tissue •responsible for 90% of all cases of industrial poisoning Ingestion •via the mouth •often accidental •poor hygiene Absorption •through the skin •solvents may penetrate unbroken skin Injection •when skin is damaged •puncture of the skin •contact with liquid or gas under pressure
- 19. 19 BODY’S DEFENCES The body’sdefences to hazardous substances are: • Respiratory (Inhalation) • Gastrointestinal (Ingestion) • Skin (Absorption) • Cellular mechanism (Injection)
- 20. 20 BODY’S DEFENCES Respiratory (Inhalation) Defences •NOSE : Wetness & nasal hair • RESPIRATORY TRACT : Natural reflexes activate sneezing and coughing • CILIARY ESCALATOR – A barrier against infection. Pushes mucus and foreign bodies out through throat
- 21. 21 Body Defences againstdust The nasal hairs Coughing and sneezing Eyes watering The ciliary escalator
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- 23. 23 Body’s Defences (2) Gastrointestinal(Ingestion) Defences Taste and smell Saliva Acid, enzymes and bacteria Vomit and diarrhoea Skin Defences Sebum Sensory nerves Melanin Blisters, rashes, inflammation
- 24. 24 Body’s Defences (3) CellularMechanisms (Injection) • Scavenging Action • Secretion of defensive substances • Prevention of excessive blood loss • Repair of damaged tissues • The Lymphatic system Other Defences • Tears and blinking of the eyes • Pain • Hormones e.g. adrenalin
- 25. 25 Assessing the risk SoHow do I determine the Hazard & Risk of a material?
- 26. 26 Hazardous Substance Assessment 1)IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS How much of the substance is in use or produced by the process What is the activity at risk How long and how often is the exposure Who can be exposed and how How can the substance enter the body In what form is of the substance What is the concentration of the substance Is the substance assigned an exposure limit Are there any ill-health reports Look at the results of health surveillance
- 27. 27 Hazardous Substance Assessment 2)Decide who might be harmed and how Operators, Others, Pregnant and young worker 3) Evaluate the Health risk & existing precautions Likelihood and Severity Existing control measures Judgement about need for further control measures 4) Record the significant findings Number of affected people Adequacy of existing controls Further precautions, if necessary
- 28. 28 Hazardous Substance Assessment 5)Review the Assessment New process or substance is introduced Exposure limit is changed Someone contracts a disease Complaints of ill health from workforce New guidance is published on control measures Increase in use of hazardous substance
- 29. 29 Prevention and Controlof Exposure 1) Eliminate the hazard 2) Reduce the risk by substitution 3) Isolate the people from the hazard Total enclosure, Segregate the people 4) Control Maintenance of controls, Change the work pattern, Hygiene, Housekeeping 5) Personal protective equipment 6) Discipline 7) Also information, Instruction, Training Remember - ERIC PD
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- 31. 31 New SDSs –16 Categories 1.Identification 2.Hazard(s) Identification 3.Composition/information on ingredients 4.First-aid measures 5.Fire-fighting measures 6.Accidental release measures 7.Handling and storage 8.Exposure controls/personal protection (PELs) 9.Physical and chemical properties 10.Stability and reactivity 11.Toxicological information 12.Ecological information 13.Disposal considerations 14.Transport information 15.Regulatory information 16.Other information
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- 34. 34 Occupational Exposure Limits(OEL) The maximum concentration of an airborne substance averaged over a reference period to which an employee may be exposed by inhalation • Threshold Limit Values (TLV) USA • Indicative Limit Values (ILV) Europe • Workplace Exposure Limits (WEL) UK High risk substances Other hazardous substances
- 35. 35 Exposure limits Long-Term ExposureLimit – 8 hrs (LTEL) Short-Term Exposure Limit - 15 minutes (STEL)
- 36. 36 Action if OELExceeded 1) Stop the process 2) Remove employees from area 3) Make area safe 4) Investigate cause 5) Assess existing controls 6) Monitor procedures 7) Check workers health 8) Record incident
- 37. 37 Prevention and Controlof Exposure 1) Eliminate the hazard 2) Reduce the risk by substitution 3) Isolate the people from the hazard Total enclosure, Segregate the people 4) Control Maintenance of controls, Change the work pattern, Hygiene, Housekeeping 5) Personal protective equipment 6) Discipline 7) Also information, Instruction, Training Remember - ERIC PD
- 38. 38 Local Exhaust Ventilation Dischargeto atmosphere Hood Ducting Filter Fan
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- 46. 46 Dilution Ventilation Contaminant Air drawn fromclean air supply Fan Vent Extract or Fan
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- 48. 48 When Dilution Ventilationmay be used? 1. Very low toxicity substance 2. Steady rate of release 3. Small quantity of contaminant 4. Not practicable to use LEV 5. Rate of evolution known 6. Non specific point of release 7. Type of contaminant (not dust) 8. Heat loss or gain not a problem
- 49. 49 Asbestos Types White (Chrysotile) Brown (Amosite) Blue(Crocidolite) Diseases Asbestosis (Lung tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue) Mesothelioma (Causes tumors) Lung cancer (Growth of malignant cells in lung) Blue and brown asbestos are more hazardous than white
- 50. 50 Asbestos Uses Blue asbestoscloth on a boiler flue Asbestos insulating board in a wall partition Protective Clothing Insulation boards Pipework Lagging Cement Boards Gaskets, Filters Brake Linings Plasterwork Sprayed for Insulation Workers at risk: Maintenance, & Demolition workers
- 51. 51 Other Agents (1) Ammonia:A colourless gas with a pungent odour • Irritation to the eyes and upper respiratory tract • Used in printing and fertilisers Chlorine: A greenish gas with a pungent odour • Irritant to respiratory tract, abdominal pain, nausea (sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach) • Used as a disinfectant in drinking water and swimming pool water
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- 53. 53 Other Agents (3) Isocyanates:Volatile organic compounds Irritation of skin and mucous membrane, asthma Spray painting vehicles, manufacture of footwear Lead: A heavy, soft and easily worked metal Nausea, headaches, nervous system, death Batteries, Plumbing and roofing work
- 54. 54 Other Agents (4) Silica:Found in sand, sandstone, granite Silicosis Building industry Organic solvents: Dissolve other substances Irritant to the eyes, skin, throat and lungs, headaches, nausea, dizziness Used as a base in paint manufacturing, PVC, etc
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- 56. 56 AIRBORNE DUST Respirable dust: Airbornedust of such a size about 0.5 to 10 microns that it is able to enter the lungs during normal breathing Respiratory diseases: • Asbestosis (chronic inflammatory medical condition affecting the tissue of the lungs) • Silicosis (occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust) • Asthma chronic …the airways occasionally constrict • Bronchitis (an acute inflammation of the air passages within the lungs) • Lung Cancer • Farmer’s lung (a disease of dairy farmers who handle contaminated hay)
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- 58. 58 Indicators of DustProblems Visible signs Complaints by employees Monitoring Health problems Equipment problems Blocked filters
- 59. 59 Control Measures toReduce Exposure to Dust Eliminate at source Substitute with pellets Change process Use liquid process Enclose the complete process Ventilation Control by suppression Housekeeping Maintenance
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- 61. 61 THANKS FOR YOURPARTICIPATION