Epicurus: His famous writing was Ethics He believed that nature is made up of atoms (compounds of atoms) developed by natural selection. The universe is unbounded; the soul is bound and distributed throughout the body and disintegrate at death. Epicurean ethics confused with the hedonism of Cyrenaic (believe that pleasure is the greatest good) The emphasized ethics are calm and tranquil life based on soul not the pleasure of the body. Happiness is based on the reduction of pain and fear of practical reasoning. Happiness is empirically identified with pleasure  egoistic hedonism

1. Chapter 19
Pleasure is the Good
By Epicurus
Harisa Mardiana

2. About the Author
• Born in the generation after Plato and Aristotle (341-271 BCE)
• He spent his early years in the Athenian colony of Sámos, in Athenian
military service in Lampsacus
• He studied the philosophy of Plato and Democritus while developing
an empiricist mechanistic materialism.
• He moved to Athens and established school “The Garden” with the
subjects of physics, ethics, and religion.

3. Epicurus’ work…
• His famous writing was Ethics
• He believed that nature is made up of atoms (compounds of atoms)
developed by nature selection.
• Universe is unbounded; the soul is bound and distributed throughout
body and disintregates at death.
• Epicurean ethics confused with hedonism of Cyrenaic (believe that
pleasure is the greatest good)
• The emphasized of ethics are calm and tranquil life based on soul not
pleasure of body.
• Happiness is based on reduction of pain and fear practical reasoning.
• Happiness is empirically identified with pleasure  egoistic hedonism

4. How does the Virtue Ethics obtain pleasure?
1. Find from the character of human being;
2. Look at the ethics, moral, value and norm of the human being;
3. Virtue ethics is ethics that directs the focus on the attention of
human being, not to focus on what human being doing.
4. Human being should be focus on basic moral of human being
5. Will find the value of human being

5. Human being as an Actor to get pleasure
• Virtue ethics is a state which possessed people to function in a whole manner.
• The excellence is usually embedded from the quality of reason and are
awakened from practice and habits.
• This virtue becomes a moral principle, as well as a qualitative characteristic
inherent in a person  makes the person become good character, thoughts,
actions.
• Virtue ethics is an ethics that examines the virtues of character, excellence
possessed by virtuous persons.

6. Virtue Ethics is not Attributive
Virtue ethics studies goodness as a virtue or elements.
The good that is studied is not the good attributive, which
often makes people easily trapped into moral subjectivism
because it justifies the goodness of something based on
one's subjective taste.
As an expression of personal pleasure and choice, but a
kindness that is prediction, which is broader so as to form
certain claims and views about the world.

7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHNcz-M_E4M

8. Human being as moral object
In the sense of being a moral object, which is the party
that is subject to (the object) of the predicate of good
or bad.
Something that can get a good or bad predicate is a
human being, a group of humans, human attitudes and
character, disposition or character, emotions, motives,
intentions, etc. human).
This is different from non-moral objects that cannot be
subject to moral ties, such as physical objects, human
soul experiences such as pleasure and sadness, or
forms of government such as democracy and others.
This object is only instrumental and extrinsic, does not
contain intrinsic goodness.
https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/mor
ality/what-is-objective-morality-what-
can-it-teach-us/
https://aquestionersjourney.wordpress.com/2018/03/
21/what-is-moral-subjectivism-about/

9. Conclusion
• Virtue Ethics is to find the prudence of life which make
the human being happy.
• Pleasure is not happiness but pleasure will accustom
to happiness if the human being find the virtue of life.
• Human being is able to overcome negative obstacles
such as anxiety, fear by understanding and upholding
virtue of ethics.
• The realization of virtue morality is the behavior that is done repeatedly,
and again becomes a character, not a behavior that follows certain
principles for certain conditions and is pragmatic. (to be not to do)