INTRODUCTION
A business plan is an important document for any business and it can be written for a variety of reasons.
Internally, it can help owners and managers crystallise their ideas, focus their efforts and monitor performance against established objectives.
Externally, the business plan can act as a medium for attracting finance for start-ups or expansion.
INTRODUCTION
For many people, the experience of raising finance is a new one.
Many opportunities presented to financiers are subsequently rejected.
It is essential, therefore, that the entrepreneur prepares a quality document.
The objective of this work-pack is to help you prepare just such a document by providing you with the headings which need to be covered.
CONTENTS
The business plan should summarise the proposed activity and the prospects for success for the venture, paying particular attention to factors that are critical to success or failure.
The contents should be tailored to the particular individual requirements, circumstances or characteristics of the proposal.
In general, they have the following categories:
CONTENTS
Executive Summary
Current position
Objectives
Product/Service and Operations
Marketing and Sales Plan
Competition
Management and Staff
Financial plan
Information and control
Risk factors and mitigation
INTRODUCTION
A business plan is an important document for any business and it can be written for a variety of reasons.
Internally, it can help owners and managers crystallise their ideas, focus their efforts and monitor performance against established objectives.
Externally, the business plan can act as a medium for attracting finance for start-ups or expansion.
INTRODUCTION
For many people, the experience of raising finance is a new one.
Many opportunities presented to financiers are subsequently rejected.
It is essential, therefore, that the entrepreneur prepares a quality document.
The objective of this work-pack is to help you prepare just such a document by providing you with the headings which need to be covered.
CONTENTS
The business plan should summarise the proposed activity and the prospects for success for the venture, paying particular attention to factors that are critical to success or failure.
The contents should be tailored to the particular individual requirements, circumstances or characteristics of the proposal.
In general, they have the following categories:
CONTENTS
Executive Summary
Current position
Objectives
Product/Service and Operations
Marketing and Sales Plan
Competition
Management and Staff
Financial plan
Information and control
Risk factors and mitigation
In today’s workplaces, human resources professionals often take on the role of ethics advisors to managers and employees in the company. When workplace misconduct surfaces, the HR team may be called upon to assist in internal investigations and spread awareness of ethics issues to help prevent future code of ethics violations. HR professionals need to be able to recognize when ethical issues need to be addressed and understand how to develop techniques for resolving them.
Join Angela Reddock-Wright, employment attorney, author and speaker, as she discusses practical strategies for identifying and resolving ethics issues in the workplace.
Webinar attendees will learn:
When to escalate ethics issues and to whom
How to identify early warning signals of conflict between personal and work values
How to address specific employment-related ethical issues and conflicts
Leading strategies for handling ethical issues in the workplace
Key elements of an organizational code of ethics
How ethics affect a company’s bottom line
In what ways stakeholders related to business activities. Give examples of stakeholders
Differentiate between primary and secondary stakeholders in a business situation. Give examples of each by selecting companies known to you.
Illustrate what are the examples around you from your observation or read where companies that act in irresponsible manner towards the society/stakeholders. Give examples
What opportunities and challenges does business encounter with the stakeholders in their day to day relationship?
In today’s workplaces, human resources professionals often take on the role of ethics advisors to managers and employees in the company. When workplace misconduct surfaces, the HR team may be called upon to assist in internal investigations and spread awareness of ethics issues to help prevent future code of ethics violations. HR professionals need to be able to recognize when ethical issues need to be addressed and understand how to develop techniques for resolving them.
Join Angela Reddock-Wright, employment attorney, author and speaker, as she discusses practical strategies for identifying and resolving ethics issues in the workplace.
Webinar attendees will learn:
When to escalate ethics issues and to whom
How to identify early warning signals of conflict between personal and work values
How to address specific employment-related ethical issues and conflicts
Leading strategies for handling ethical issues in the workplace
Key elements of an organizational code of ethics
How ethics affect a company’s bottom line
In what ways stakeholders related to business activities. Give examples of stakeholders
Differentiate between primary and secondary stakeholders in a business situation. Give examples of each by selecting companies known to you.
Illustrate what are the examples around you from your observation or read where companies that act in irresponsible manner towards the society/stakeholders. Give examples
What opportunities and challenges does business encounter with the stakeholders in their day to day relationship?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. Egoism
Definition:
An action is morally right if the decision maker freely decides in
order to pursue either their (short term) desires or their (long
term) interest.
3. Egoism Ethics
• Focus on the outcomes for the decision maker
• Important to distinguish egoism based on desire from selfishness
• Within moral philosophy, an important criticism of egoism based on
desire is that it render patently different approaches to life ass being
equivalent
• This theory works fine if there is a mechanism society that makes sure
that no individual egoist pursues his or her own interests at other
egoists’ expense.
4. Egoism Ethics
• Ethical egoism or egotism (also called simply egoism) is the normative
ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own
self-interest.
5. Formulations of ethical egoism
Ethical Egoism
Individual
Ethical egoist
Personal
Ethical egoist
Universal
Ethical egoist
All people should do
whatever benefits them
He or she should act in
his or her own self –
interest, but would
make no claims about
what anyone else ought
to do
Everyone should act in
ways that are in their
own interest
6. Utilitarianism ethics
• Also known as Teleological ethical systems
• Emphasize the end, the product, the consequences of a decision
• The morally correct decision is one that produces the greatest good
• Systems that assume that everything has a purpose
• These theory are interested in the outcome or consequence of an
action
• In reaching an ethical decision, good is the weighed against evil
• A decision that maximizes the ration of good over evil for all those
concerned is the ethical course.
7. Branches of Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism
Act - utilitarianism Rule - utilitarianism
One’s goal is to identify the
consequences of a particular act
to determine whether it is right or
wrong
Requires one to adhere to all the
rules of conduct by which society
reaps the greatest value
When faced with a choice, we must
first consider the likely consequences
of potential actions and , from that,
choose to do what we believe will
generate most pleasure.
May be forced to shun a particular act
that would result in greater
immediate good in favour of
upholding a broader rule that result in
the greater total good over time.
To determine whether a rule should
be followed, he looks at what would
happen if it were constantly followed.
8. Deontology ethics
• Also known as Kantian Ethics / Formalism
• To the deontologist, principle is the primary and consequence is
secondary or even irrelevant.
• Maximizing right rather than good is the deontological standard
• Is an approach to ethics that holds that acts are inherently good or
evil, regardless of the consequences of the acts
• Our obligation or duty is to take the right action, even if the
consequences of a given act may be bad.
9. Deontology ethics
• The deontologist might well refuse to lie event if doing so would
maximize good.
• Deontology derived from Greek word meaning “duty”
• It is directed towards ‘what ought to be’ & ‘what is right’
• Relationship among people are important because they give rise to
duties.
• Deontology considers motives, and focus on the act itself while
disregards consequences
10. Deontology ethics
• The German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1974-1804) develop
perhaps the most persuasive and fully articulated vision of ethics as
measured not by consequence (teleological) but by the rightness of
rules
• Kant believed in the key moral concept of goodwill
• The moral person is a person of goodwill and that person renders
ethical decisions based on what is right, regardless of the
consequences of the decision.
11. Deontology ethics (examples)
• A father may be morally committed to saving his son from a burning
building, rather than saving another person who might well do more
total good for society.
• Why a crime was committed may be more important than the actual
consequences of the crime
• The students who refuses to cheat on exams is morally worthy if his
or her decision springs from duty. But it will morally unworthy if the
decision is merely one born of self-interest, such as fear to be caught.
12. Comparison between egoism, utilitarianism &
deontology
EGOISM UTILITARIANISM DEONTOLOGY
CONTRIBUTIORS Adam Smith Jeremy Bentham,
John Stuart Mill
Immanuel Kant
FOCUS Individual desires or
interest
Collective welfare Duties
RULES Maximization of desires/
self interest
Act/ rule utilitarianism Categorical imperative
CONCEPT OF HUMAN
BEING
Man as an actor with
limited knowledge and
objectives
Man is controlled by
avoidance of pain and
gain of pleasure
Man is rational
Moral actor
13. Ethics form religious perspectives
• Islamic Ethics : Ethics of the Soul
• Islam is derived from an Arabic word Salema which means, peace, purity
submission and obedience.
• Islamic ethics takes a God-centred view and emphasizes on the importance of
integrating worldly affairs with religion
• The Five Pillars of Islam:
Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality of the prophet hood of
Muhammad (shahadah)
Establishment of the daily prayers (5 times a day)
Concern for and almsgiving to the needy (zakat)
Self-purification through fasting (fasting in the month of Ramadhan)
The pilgrimage to Makkah for those who are able
14. Ethics form religious perspectives
• Islamic Ethics : Ethics of the Soul
• The Six Pillars of Iman (Faith or belief)
Belief in Allah
Belief in the angels
Belief in the revealed books
Belief in the commissioned Messengers (peace be upon them)
Belief in the predestination by Allah of all things, both the (seemingly) good
and the (seemingly) bad
Belief in the resurrection and the events of Qiyamah
15. Ethics form religious perspectives
• Buddhist Ethics
• Buddhism comes from the word budhi which means to awaken.
• The foundation of Buddhism is the Pancasila
• The basic concepts of Buddhism can be summarized by the Four Noble Truths
and the Noble Eightfold Path.
• Four Noble Truths:
Life is suffering – buddhist ethics explain how suffering can be avoided in
order to achieve true happiness
Suffering is caused by craving and aversion – instead of constantly struggling
to get what we want, we should try to modify our wants.
16. Ethics form religious perspectives
Suffering can be overcome and happiness can be attained; that happiness
and contentment in the true sense are thus possible. When we give up
useless craving and learn to live each day at a time (not dwelling in the past or
the imagined future), then we can become happy and free. We then have
more time and energy to help others. This is Nirvana.
The Noble Eightfold Paths is the path which leads to the end of suffering. The
threading of the Noble Eightfold Path is essential to self-deliverance.
17. Ethics form religious perspectives
• Buddhist Ethics
• Noble Eightfold Path:
1. Right views or preliminary understanding
2. Right aims or motives
3. Right speech
4. Right acts
5. Right livelihood
6. Right effort
7. Right concentration or mind development
8. Right Samadhi, leading to full enlightenment.
18. Ethics form religious perspectives
• Christian Ethics
• Christianity vies humans as unique products of a divine intervention that have been
endowed with consciousness and the ability to love.
• Christian ethics stress on the need for love, grace, mercy and forgiveness because of
sin.
• The key principles of Christianity (i.e. the Kingdom of Heaven where Christ is King
according to Scripture) are based on the following:
Humility or faith and trust in God
Communication with God through prayer and self-denial
Observance of The Law which is written in Scripture and in the hearts of those who
love the truth
The offering of sacrifice of God and partaking of the sacrificial offering (various
animal and bird offering in the Old Testament, the Lamb of God in the New
Testament, the sacrifice of the Mass in the Catholic Church)
19. Ethics form religious perspectives
• Hindu Ethics
• Hinduism is related to reincarnation, a way of expressing the need for
reciprocity.
• Hindu ethics places emphasis on one’s intention, summarized as the doctrine
of karma yoga.
• Kindness and hospitality are key Hindu values.
• The basic philosophy of Hinduism is that God is Omnipresent and
Omnipotent, God appears in everything, living and non-living.
20. Ethics form religious perspectives
• Hindu Ethics
• Hinduism has different strata of spirituality.
Hindu goes to a temple and worships the idol
Level when one prays to Him with prayers in
any language and sings His praise
One renounces all these ‘guides’ to reaching
Him and directly meditates thinking of the
Supreme Divine or Brahman
The highest level
The middle level
The lowest level
21. The importance of Managing Businesses
Ethically
• To keep existing customers
• To attract new customers
• To avoid lawsuits
• To reduce employee turnover
• To please customers, employees and society