Hard drives are hardware devices used to store files and software on a computer. The primary hard drive in a PC is often called the C drive. Hard drives organize data onto tracks and sectors to maximize storage capacity. Backing up data to other storage devices helps protect files in case of hard drive failure.

1. Hard Drives
A hard disk drive is a hardware device that's used to store
information like software and files. The primary hard disk
in a PC is often called the C drive.
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2. Storage Systems
• Hard Drives
– 2 Types: SCSI and IDE
• IDE drives-
– originally developed as alternative to more expensive SCSI
drives.
– Modern versions called EIDE drives.
– Support up to 4 multigigabyte drives.
– If you want more devices, use SCSI or USB
– Low-level formatted at the factory

3. Hard Drive

4. How Data is Organized on Hard Drive Disk
• Tracks-
– circular areas of the disk
– Length of a track one circumference of disk
– Over 1000 on a hard disk
– Data first written to outer most track
• Sectors-
– Divides tracks sections
– On a floppy 9 sectors exits
• Cylinders-
– Logical groupings of the the same track on each disk surface in a disk
unit
• Clusters-
– Groups of sectors used by operating system
– 64 sectors in one cluster

5. Tracks and sectors
Can store
512 bytes
Sector = Track=
small arc concentric
of track circle

6. Backing up data
• Archival: full backup- contains everything
from the hard disk
• Incremental: contains only files that have been
modified since last (previous) backup
• Differential: backs up all the data modified
since last full backup
• Copy backup: copy duplicate of file, directory,
or disk to another disk

7. Backing up data
• Archival: full backup- contains everything
from the hard disk
• Incremental: contains only files that have been
modified since last (previous) backup
• Differential: backs up all the data modified
since last full backup
• Copy backup: copy duplicate of file, directory,
or disk to another disk