This document provides an overview of hallux valgus, including its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, evaluation, classification systems, non-operative and operative treatment options. Key points include:
- Hallux valgus is a common foot deformity involving the big toe. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more common in females.
- Causes include biomechanical instability, arthritic/metabolic conditions, and trauma. The deformity progresses as the abductor hallucis muscle becomes unopposed.
- Evaluation involves assessing angles on weight-bearing radiographs and classifying severity.
- Treatment ranges from footwear modifications and orthoses to various osteotomy procedures depending on deform
This document discusses hallux valgus, a deformity of the big toe. It begins by describing the clinical presentation and anatomy involved, including lateral deviation of the big toe, overriding of the other toes, and bunion formation. Radiographic findings like increased intermetatarsal angle are also detailed. Non-surgical treatments are outlined first, followed by indications for various surgical procedures to correct the deformity. Common procedures discussed include bunionectomy techniques like the McBride method as well as different osteotomies of the first metatarsal bone. Complications of recurrence and hallux varus are also mentioned.
This document discusses high tibial osteotomy (HTO), a procedure that corrects knee alignment to relieve pressure from arthritic areas. It was first described in 1961 and involves cutting and reshaping the tibia to transfer weight from an arthritic to a healthier area of cartilage. The document outlines indications, contraindications, techniques like closing wedge and opening wedge osteotomy, management of the fibula, fixation methods, advantages and disadvantages of different techniques, expected results, and potential complications. HTO is a well-established procedure for unicompartmental knee arthritis with typical satisfactory results in 80% of cases.
This document provides an overview of hallux valgus, including its anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. Key points include:
- Hallux valgus is a lateral deviation of the great toe and medial deviation of the first metatarsal. It can cause pain over the bunion.
- Risk factors include heredity, footwear, ligament laxity, and pes planus. Diagnosis involves examining range of motion, deformity, and taking x-rays to measure angles.
- Treatment progresses from footwear modifications and stretching to various surgical procedures depending on severity, including distal soft tissue procedures, osteotomies, and joint fusion or replacement in severe cases.
The document discusses hallux valgus, also known as a bunion deformity. It is characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe and medial deviation of the first metatarsal. Risk factors include hereditary factors and wearing narrow, high-heeled shoes. Treatment involves conservative options like orthotics or wider shoes initially. For more severe cases, surgical options aim to correct the deformity and relieve pain, such as soft tissue procedures, osteotomies to realign the bone, or fusing joints in advanced cases. Post-operative care focuses on reducing swelling and maintaining correction of the deformity.
CORA (center of rotation of angulation)Morshed Abir
This document discusses the concept of the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) in orthopedic surgery. The CORA is the point about which a deformed bone may be rotated to achieve correction of an angular deformity without introducing a translational deformity. Proper identification of the CORA allows selection of the optimal correction axis and type of osteotomy, such as opening, closing, or dome osteotomy, to realign the bone. Correction along the bisector line passing through the CORA ensures pure angular correction without residual translation. Identification of multiple CORAs indicates more complex multi-apical or translational deformities requiring different surgical techniques.
SLIPPED CAPITAL FEMORAL EPIPHYSIS - By Dr. Lokesh SharoffLokesh Sharoff
This document provides information on slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), including:
- Incidence is highest in obese boys aged 13-15 and girls aged 11-13.
- Presentation includes hip or knee pain that increases with activity, limping, and limited range of motion.
- Treatment aims to prevent further slipping, reduce the degree of slippage, and provide salvage options.
- Methods include hip spica casting, pinning or screwing, closed manipulation, and osteotomies depending on stability and severity.
- Complications include osteonecrosis from reduced blood flow and chondrolysis from joint damage.
Hallux valgus is a deformity of the big toe characterized by lateral deviation of the toe and medial deviation of the first metatarsal. It is caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and can cause pain, difficulty wearing shoes, and cosmetic issues. Treatment involves conservative measures like wider shoes initially, with surgical correction considered for more severe or symptomatic cases. Surgery aims to correct angles, realign the joint, and restore normal mechanics, and may involve soft tissue procedures, osteotomies, or arthrodesis in severe cases. Proper patient selection and technique are important for achieving good outcomes.
This document provides an overview of hallux valgus, including its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, evaluation, classification systems, non-operative and operative treatment options. Key points include:
- Hallux valgus is a common foot deformity involving the big toe. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more common in females.
- Causes include biomechanical instability, arthritic/metabolic conditions, and trauma. The deformity progresses as the abductor hallucis muscle becomes unopposed.
- Evaluation involves assessing angles on weight-bearing radiographs and classifying severity.
- Treatment ranges from footwear modifications and orthoses to various osteotomy procedures depending on deform
This document discusses hallux valgus, a deformity of the big toe. It begins by describing the clinical presentation and anatomy involved, including lateral deviation of the big toe, overriding of the other toes, and bunion formation. Radiographic findings like increased intermetatarsal angle are also detailed. Non-surgical treatments are outlined first, followed by indications for various surgical procedures to correct the deformity. Common procedures discussed include bunionectomy techniques like the McBride method as well as different osteotomies of the first metatarsal bone. Complications of recurrence and hallux varus are also mentioned.
This document discusses high tibial osteotomy (HTO), a procedure that corrects knee alignment to relieve pressure from arthritic areas. It was first described in 1961 and involves cutting and reshaping the tibia to transfer weight from an arthritic to a healthier area of cartilage. The document outlines indications, contraindications, techniques like closing wedge and opening wedge osteotomy, management of the fibula, fixation methods, advantages and disadvantages of different techniques, expected results, and potential complications. HTO is a well-established procedure for unicompartmental knee arthritis with typical satisfactory results in 80% of cases.
This document provides an overview of hallux valgus, including its anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. Key points include:
- Hallux valgus is a lateral deviation of the great toe and medial deviation of the first metatarsal. It can cause pain over the bunion.
- Risk factors include heredity, footwear, ligament laxity, and pes planus. Diagnosis involves examining range of motion, deformity, and taking x-rays to measure angles.
- Treatment progresses from footwear modifications and stretching to various surgical procedures depending on severity, including distal soft tissue procedures, osteotomies, and joint fusion or replacement in severe cases.
The document discusses hallux valgus, also known as a bunion deformity. It is characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe and medial deviation of the first metatarsal. Risk factors include hereditary factors and wearing narrow, high-heeled shoes. Treatment involves conservative options like orthotics or wider shoes initially. For more severe cases, surgical options aim to correct the deformity and relieve pain, such as soft tissue procedures, osteotomies to realign the bone, or fusing joints in advanced cases. Post-operative care focuses on reducing swelling and maintaining correction of the deformity.
CORA (center of rotation of angulation)Morshed Abir
This document discusses the concept of the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) in orthopedic surgery. The CORA is the point about which a deformed bone may be rotated to achieve correction of an angular deformity without introducing a translational deformity. Proper identification of the CORA allows selection of the optimal correction axis and type of osteotomy, such as opening, closing, or dome osteotomy, to realign the bone. Correction along the bisector line passing through the CORA ensures pure angular correction without residual translation. Identification of multiple CORAs indicates more complex multi-apical or translational deformities requiring different surgical techniques.
SLIPPED CAPITAL FEMORAL EPIPHYSIS - By Dr. Lokesh SharoffLokesh Sharoff
This document provides information on slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), including:
- Incidence is highest in obese boys aged 13-15 and girls aged 11-13.
- Presentation includes hip or knee pain that increases with activity, limping, and limited range of motion.
- Treatment aims to prevent further slipping, reduce the degree of slippage, and provide salvage options.
- Methods include hip spica casting, pinning or screwing, closed manipulation, and osteotomies depending on stability and severity.
- Complications include osteonecrosis from reduced blood flow and chondrolysis from joint damage.
Hallux valgus is a deformity of the big toe characterized by lateral deviation of the toe and medial deviation of the first metatarsal. It is caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and can cause pain, difficulty wearing shoes, and cosmetic issues. Treatment involves conservative measures like wider shoes initially, with surgical correction considered for more severe or symptomatic cases. Surgery aims to correct angles, realign the joint, and restore normal mechanics, and may involve soft tissue procedures, osteotomies, or arthrodesis in severe cases. Proper patient selection and technique are important for achieving good outcomes.
This document discusses hallux valgus, a deformity of the great toe. It begins by describing the anatomy and pathophysiology, noting that hallux valgus has no single cause but can be due to conditions like flat feet or footwear. Clinical presentation includes bunion pain that worsens with footwear. Treatment involves modifying footwear, splinting, and surgery if conservative measures fail. Surgical options correct soft tissues like tendons and ligaments as well as bony procedures like osteotomies of the toe bone or metatarsal. Complications of surgery include recurrence of the deformity or issues like nerve damage.
This case report describes a 21-year old female patient with a 10-year history of habitual left patellar dislocation. Examination found lateral subluxation of the patella in flexion and reduced range of motion. X-rays showed patella baja on the left side and lateral dislocation of the patella. The patient underwent a proximal and distal soft tissue realignment procedure involving lateral release, medial reinforcement, and partial medialization of the patellar tendon. Post-operatively, the patella was centrally located with improved range of motion and stability. Habitual patellar dislocation is rare in adults and can be treated with soft tissue realignment surgery to reinforce the medial structures and release tight
Osteotomies around the hip are surgical procedures used to correct biomechanical alignment and load transmission across the hip joint. They involve removing a portion of bone. The goals are to improve femoral head coverage, containment, motion, relieve pain, and correct leg length discrepancies. Different types of osteotomies target the proximal femur or pelvis. Proximal femoral osteotomies are classified based on anatomical location and degree of displacement. Pelvic osteotomies aim to redirect the acetabulum and include Salter, Sutherland, Steel/Tonnis, and Ganz/Bernese procedures. Key considerations for each procedure include indications, approach, osteotomy cuts made, advantages/disadv
Femoro-acetabular impingement syndrome is a condition where the femoral head and acetabulum rub abnormally in the hip joint, causing damage. It is commonly caused by activities involving repetitive hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. Diagnosis involves physical exam maneuvers to reproduce pain and imaging to identify bony abnormalities and cartilage/labral damage. Common findings on x-ray include an alpha angle >70 degrees, coxa profunda, and crossover sign indicating retroversion. MRI can confirm labral tears or cartilage damage.
This document discusses hallux valgus, a deformity of the foot where the big toe points away from the midline of the body. It covers relevant anatomy, biomechanics, etiology, signs and symptoms, physical exam findings, pathological changes, and radiographic assessment. Key factors that contribute to hallux valgus include heredity, flat feet, ligament laxity, and wearing narrow shoes with high heels. Physical exam assesses deformities, joint motion, and gait. Radiographs are important to evaluate bone and joint alignment as well as arthritis.
This document discusses femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI), which occurs when the femoral head and neck abnormally contact the acetabular rim, causing damage. There are two main types: cam impingement from an abnormal femoral head-neck junction; and pincer impingement from acetabular overcoverage. Accurate diagnosis using clinical exams and imaging of the alpha angle and offset ratios is important for determining treatment, which may include hip arthroscopy, osteochondroplasty, or periacetabular osteotomy. FAI is commonly seen in young, active individuals and certain athletic activities increase risk.
This document summarizes a seminar on hallux valgus (bunions). It provides details on the relevant anatomy, biomechanics, causes, symptoms, physical exam findings, radiographic assessment, classification, and treatment options for hallux valgus. Conservative treatments include footwear modifications and stretching exercises. Surgical treatments aim to correct the structural deformities and include soft tissue procedures, distal and proximal metatarsal osteotomies, phalangeal osteotomies, fusions, and resection arthroplasty. The Mitchell and Chevron osteotomies are described as common distal metatarsal osteotomy techniques.
This document provides an overview of hip osteotomies and femoral acetabular impingement (FAI). It discusses various types of osteotomies used to treat conditions like developmental dysplasia of the hip, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and avascular necrosis. Key points include that pelvic osteotomies are best for primary acetabular dysplasia, while femoral and combined procedures are often needed in older children. The document also outlines common radiographic findings associated with pincer and cam FAI, including pistol grip deformity, acetabular retroversion, and decreased femoral head-neck offset. Risk factors and typical patient presentations are also summarized.
Hallux rigidus:
A condition characterized by loss of motion of first MTP joint in adults due to degenerative arthritis
second most common condition affecting the big toe after hallux valgus
most common arthritic condition in the foot.
This document discusses slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), beginning with its history and definitions. It describes the anatomy and pathophysiology, presenting typical age and sex distributions. Risk factors include growth hormones, sex hormones, and trauma. Clinical presentations range from pre-slip to acute/chronic stages. Radiographic findings and grading systems are outlined. Differential diagnoses and treatment approaches like pinning, osteotomies, and epiphysiodesis are summarized. Surgical techniques like the Dunn and Kramer procedures aim to reduce displacement and prevent further slipping through fixation.
This document discusses tarsal coalition, which is a partial or complete union between bones in the midfoot or hindfoot that can cause rigid pes planus. It notes that tarsal coalition increases strain on the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and subtalar joint, causing peroneal muscle spasm. The document describes the different types of tarsal coalition and lists the typical ages at which each type becomes symptomatic. It provides details on calcaneonavicular and talocalcaneal coalition, including their clinical features, diagnosis via x-ray, and treatment options.
Hallux valgus, or a deviated great toe, is a common foot deformity. It involves the lateral deviation of the great toe with valgus of the first metatarsal. It can cause pain and make shoe wearing difficult. While small deformities may be treated with proper shoes, surgery is often needed for more severe cases to realign bones and tissues. The document discusses the anatomy, causes, classifications, symptoms, investigations and various surgical procedures used to treat hallux valgus.
Hallux valgus is a lateral deviation of the great toe with medial deviation of the first metatarsal. It is often accompanied by lesser toe deformities and is more common in women. Risk factors include genetic predisposition and shoes that are too narrow. Pathologically, the deforming forces cause changes to the joint capsule and sesamoid complex.
Presentation includes pain with shoe wear and prominence over the first MTP joint. Exam evaluates the first ray and associated deformities. Radiographs measure angles to guide treatment and assess for degenerative changes.
Management begins conservatively with shoe modifications. Surgical options range from soft tissue procedures for mild cases to osteotomies or fusions for more severe
This document provides information on tibial plateau fractures, including:
- The tibial plateau is the proximal end of the tibia including the articular surfaces.
- Tibial plateau fractures most often involve the lateral plateau and are commonly associated with soft tissue injuries.
- Surgical treatment aims to restore the joint surface and provide stability to allow early mobilization.
- Surgical approaches include anterolateral, posteromedial, and anterior. Fixation methods include plates, screws, and external fixators.
- Arthroscopic techniques are increasingly used to directly visualize and treat the articular surface with minimal soft tissue disruption.
The document provides information on recurrent patellar dislocation, including:
- Anatomy of the patella and its attachments
- Static and dynamic stabilizers of the patella
- Causes of patellar instability such as trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, increased Q angle
- Mechanisms of injury for acute vs recurrent dislocations
- Evaluation methods like the apprehension test, patellar glide test, and imaging views
This document discusses the management of acute ankle fractures. It begins with the incidence, clinical features, evaluation and initial management of ankle fractures. It then describes the radiographic assessment including different x-ray views. Classification systems for ankle fractures are discussed. The document outlines indications and techniques for surgical management of ankle fractures including fixation of the lateral and medial malleoli, posterior malleolus and syndesmosis. Post-operative care is also summarized.
This document discusses various osteotomies around the hip joint. It begins with defining osteotomy and providing a brief history of important developments. It then explains the biomechanics of the hip joint and why osteotomies are effective. Several types and classifications of osteotomies are outlined. Specific procedures like McMurray's displacement osteotomy, Pauwel's varus osteotomy, and Schanz angulation osteotomy are described in detail. Contraindications and postoperative care are also mentioned.
This document discusses slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), a condition where the femoral head is displaced from the femoral neck through the growth plate. SCFE is most common in obese boys aged 10-16 years. It presents with hip or thigh pain and limping. Radiographs show the femoral head displaced posteriorly and inferiorly with widening of the growth plate. Treatment depends on the severity and includes pinning the growth plate in situ, reducing the slip and pinning, or osteotomy. The goals are to prevent further slipping and restore normal hip anatomy.
This document discusses nonunion of femoral neck fractures, which have a higher incidence in young patients compared to elderly patients. It defines nonunion and outlines the vascular anatomy and causes of nonunion. Classification systems for femoral neck fractures are described. Symptoms, investigations, and radiographic signs of nonunion are provided. Treatment options are discussed, including head-salvaging versus head-sacrificing procedures based on factors like patient age and viability of the femoral head. The Sandhu classification system for staging nonunion is presented along with recommended treatment approaches for each stage.
This document discusses hallux valgus, a deformity of the great toe. It begins by describing the anatomy and pathophysiology, noting that hallux valgus has no single cause but can be due to conditions like flat feet or footwear. Clinical presentation includes bunion pain that worsens with footwear. Treatment involves modifying footwear, splinting, and surgery if conservative measures fail. Surgical options correct soft tissues like tendons and ligaments as well as bony procedures like osteotomies of the toe bone or metatarsal. Complications of surgery include recurrence of the deformity or issues like nerve damage.
This case report describes a 21-year old female patient with a 10-year history of habitual left patellar dislocation. Examination found lateral subluxation of the patella in flexion and reduced range of motion. X-rays showed patella baja on the left side and lateral dislocation of the patella. The patient underwent a proximal and distal soft tissue realignment procedure involving lateral release, medial reinforcement, and partial medialization of the patellar tendon. Post-operatively, the patella was centrally located with improved range of motion and stability. Habitual patellar dislocation is rare in adults and can be treated with soft tissue realignment surgery to reinforce the medial structures and release tight
Osteotomies around the hip are surgical procedures used to correct biomechanical alignment and load transmission across the hip joint. They involve removing a portion of bone. The goals are to improve femoral head coverage, containment, motion, relieve pain, and correct leg length discrepancies. Different types of osteotomies target the proximal femur or pelvis. Proximal femoral osteotomies are classified based on anatomical location and degree of displacement. Pelvic osteotomies aim to redirect the acetabulum and include Salter, Sutherland, Steel/Tonnis, and Ganz/Bernese procedures. Key considerations for each procedure include indications, approach, osteotomy cuts made, advantages/disadv
Femoro-acetabular impingement syndrome is a condition where the femoral head and acetabulum rub abnormally in the hip joint, causing damage. It is commonly caused by activities involving repetitive hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. Diagnosis involves physical exam maneuvers to reproduce pain and imaging to identify bony abnormalities and cartilage/labral damage. Common findings on x-ray include an alpha angle >70 degrees, coxa profunda, and crossover sign indicating retroversion. MRI can confirm labral tears or cartilage damage.
This document discusses hallux valgus, a deformity of the foot where the big toe points away from the midline of the body. It covers relevant anatomy, biomechanics, etiology, signs and symptoms, physical exam findings, pathological changes, and radiographic assessment. Key factors that contribute to hallux valgus include heredity, flat feet, ligament laxity, and wearing narrow shoes with high heels. Physical exam assesses deformities, joint motion, and gait. Radiographs are important to evaluate bone and joint alignment as well as arthritis.
This document discusses femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI), which occurs when the femoral head and neck abnormally contact the acetabular rim, causing damage. There are two main types: cam impingement from an abnormal femoral head-neck junction; and pincer impingement from acetabular overcoverage. Accurate diagnosis using clinical exams and imaging of the alpha angle and offset ratios is important for determining treatment, which may include hip arthroscopy, osteochondroplasty, or periacetabular osteotomy. FAI is commonly seen in young, active individuals and certain athletic activities increase risk.
This document summarizes a seminar on hallux valgus (bunions). It provides details on the relevant anatomy, biomechanics, causes, symptoms, physical exam findings, radiographic assessment, classification, and treatment options for hallux valgus. Conservative treatments include footwear modifications and stretching exercises. Surgical treatments aim to correct the structural deformities and include soft tissue procedures, distal and proximal metatarsal osteotomies, phalangeal osteotomies, fusions, and resection arthroplasty. The Mitchell and Chevron osteotomies are described as common distal metatarsal osteotomy techniques.
This document provides an overview of hip osteotomies and femoral acetabular impingement (FAI). It discusses various types of osteotomies used to treat conditions like developmental dysplasia of the hip, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and avascular necrosis. Key points include that pelvic osteotomies are best for primary acetabular dysplasia, while femoral and combined procedures are often needed in older children. The document also outlines common radiographic findings associated with pincer and cam FAI, including pistol grip deformity, acetabular retroversion, and decreased femoral head-neck offset. Risk factors and typical patient presentations are also summarized.
Hallux rigidus:
A condition characterized by loss of motion of first MTP joint in adults due to degenerative arthritis
second most common condition affecting the big toe after hallux valgus
most common arthritic condition in the foot.
This document discusses slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), beginning with its history and definitions. It describes the anatomy and pathophysiology, presenting typical age and sex distributions. Risk factors include growth hormones, sex hormones, and trauma. Clinical presentations range from pre-slip to acute/chronic stages. Radiographic findings and grading systems are outlined. Differential diagnoses and treatment approaches like pinning, osteotomies, and epiphysiodesis are summarized. Surgical techniques like the Dunn and Kramer procedures aim to reduce displacement and prevent further slipping through fixation.
This document discusses tarsal coalition, which is a partial or complete union between bones in the midfoot or hindfoot that can cause rigid pes planus. It notes that tarsal coalition increases strain on the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and subtalar joint, causing peroneal muscle spasm. The document describes the different types of tarsal coalition and lists the typical ages at which each type becomes symptomatic. It provides details on calcaneonavicular and talocalcaneal coalition, including their clinical features, diagnosis via x-ray, and treatment options.
Hallux valgus, or a deviated great toe, is a common foot deformity. It involves the lateral deviation of the great toe with valgus of the first metatarsal. It can cause pain and make shoe wearing difficult. While small deformities may be treated with proper shoes, surgery is often needed for more severe cases to realign bones and tissues. The document discusses the anatomy, causes, classifications, symptoms, investigations and various surgical procedures used to treat hallux valgus.
Hallux valgus is a lateral deviation of the great toe with medial deviation of the first metatarsal. It is often accompanied by lesser toe deformities and is more common in women. Risk factors include genetic predisposition and shoes that are too narrow. Pathologically, the deforming forces cause changes to the joint capsule and sesamoid complex.
Presentation includes pain with shoe wear and prominence over the first MTP joint. Exam evaluates the first ray and associated deformities. Radiographs measure angles to guide treatment and assess for degenerative changes.
Management begins conservatively with shoe modifications. Surgical options range from soft tissue procedures for mild cases to osteotomies or fusions for more severe
This document provides information on tibial plateau fractures, including:
- The tibial plateau is the proximal end of the tibia including the articular surfaces.
- Tibial plateau fractures most often involve the lateral plateau and are commonly associated with soft tissue injuries.
- Surgical treatment aims to restore the joint surface and provide stability to allow early mobilization.
- Surgical approaches include anterolateral, posteromedial, and anterior. Fixation methods include plates, screws, and external fixators.
- Arthroscopic techniques are increasingly used to directly visualize and treat the articular surface with minimal soft tissue disruption.
The document provides information on recurrent patellar dislocation, including:
- Anatomy of the patella and its attachments
- Static and dynamic stabilizers of the patella
- Causes of patellar instability such as trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, increased Q angle
- Mechanisms of injury for acute vs recurrent dislocations
- Evaluation methods like the apprehension test, patellar glide test, and imaging views
This document discusses the management of acute ankle fractures. It begins with the incidence, clinical features, evaluation and initial management of ankle fractures. It then describes the radiographic assessment including different x-ray views. Classification systems for ankle fractures are discussed. The document outlines indications and techniques for surgical management of ankle fractures including fixation of the lateral and medial malleoli, posterior malleolus and syndesmosis. Post-operative care is also summarized.
This document discusses various osteotomies around the hip joint. It begins with defining osteotomy and providing a brief history of important developments. It then explains the biomechanics of the hip joint and why osteotomies are effective. Several types and classifications of osteotomies are outlined. Specific procedures like McMurray's displacement osteotomy, Pauwel's varus osteotomy, and Schanz angulation osteotomy are described in detail. Contraindications and postoperative care are also mentioned.
This document discusses slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), a condition where the femoral head is displaced from the femoral neck through the growth plate. SCFE is most common in obese boys aged 10-16 years. It presents with hip or thigh pain and limping. Radiographs show the femoral head displaced posteriorly and inferiorly with widening of the growth plate. Treatment depends on the severity and includes pinning the growth plate in situ, reducing the slip and pinning, or osteotomy. The goals are to prevent further slipping and restore normal hip anatomy.
This document discusses nonunion of femoral neck fractures, which have a higher incidence in young patients compared to elderly patients. It defines nonunion and outlines the vascular anatomy and causes of nonunion. Classification systems for femoral neck fractures are described. Symptoms, investigations, and radiographic signs of nonunion are provided. Treatment options are discussed, including head-salvaging versus head-sacrificing procedures based on factors like patient age and viability of the femoral head. The Sandhu classification system for staging nonunion is presented along with recommended treatment approaches for each stage.
The document summarizes a presentation on insights into diabetic foot and ankle injuries from Dr. Tahir Ögüt from Istanbul University. It notes that diabetes impairs bone healing and increases healing times for fractures. It outlines risks of complications for diabetic patients, including infection, delayed healing, and Charcot neuroarthropathy. The presentation discusses guidelines for nonoperative and operative treatment of fractures in diabetic patients, emphasizing immobilization, restricted weight bearing, soft tissue management, and rigid fixation to reduce complication rates. It presents several case studies in diabetic foot fracture treatment.
Hallux valgus contiene; definición, etiología, anatomía, características, diagnóstico, tratamento, cirugía, anatomía patológica y sus características. De igual forma, incluye los factores desencadenantes, clasificación roger mann y sus complicaciones.
1. HALLUX VALGUS TEDAVİ ALGORİTMASI
Op. Dr. Tahir Öğüt
İ.Ü.
CERRAHPAŞA TIP FAKÜLTESİ
ORTOPEDİ ve TRAVMATOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
2. KONSERVATİF Mİ? CERRAHİ Mİ?
• Aşırı deformiteler hariç önce konservatif tedavi.
• Özellikle uzun süre ayakta çalışanlarda ve sporcularda
cerrahi son seçenektir.
• Deformitenin ilerlemesini durdurmak gibi bir cerrahi
endikasyon yoktur.
• Kriterimiz estetik kaygılardan ziyade ağrı ve işlemsel
kaygılar olmalıdır.
10. KLİNİK DEĞERLENDİRME
• Genel ayak yapısı
• Medial ark
• Ayak arkası postürü ve fonksiyonu
• 1.MTK eklemde hipermobilite ve ağrı
• Ayak önü genişliği ve postürü
• Metatarsus primus varus mevcudiyeti
• HV derecesi, bunyon
• İkinci parmağın durumu
• Bası noktaları ve hiperkeratozite
• Eklem mobilitesi, krepitasyon ve ağrı
• Sinovit varlığı
24. CERRAHİ TEDAVİDE AMAÇ
• Eklem hizalanımını kalıcı olarak düzeltmek.
• Ağrısız ve hareketli bir 1. MP eklem.
• Medial ark yük taşıma kapasitesini bozmamak.
25. HV CERRAHİSİNDE KARAR VERME
UYUMLU EKLEM
Problem: Genişlemiş medial eminens ve/veya
Halluks Valgus İnterfalangeus
Çözüm: Distal osteotomi (Chevron) ve/veya
Akın prosedürü+Bunyonektomi
Problem: Artmış DMAA ise
Çözüm: İki düzlemli osteotomi
(Chevron + medialden kama çıkartma)
26. HV CERRAHİSİNDE KARAR VERME
UYUMLU OLMAYAN EKLEM
HVA IMA
Hafif < 300 < 130
Deformite
Orta Deformite 200-400 130-200
İleri Deformite > 400 > 200
27. HV CERRAHİSİNDE KARAR VERME
UYUMLU OLMAYAN EKLEM
Hafif Sublüksasyon: HVA: <300 IMA:<130
Distal Yumuşak Doku Prosedürü
+/-
Distal osteotomi
28. HV CERRAHİSİNDE KARAR VERME
UYUMLU OLMAYAN EKLEM
Orta Sublüksasyon: HVA: 200-400 IMA:130-200
Distal Yumuşak Doku Prosedürü
+/-
Proksimal osteotomi
29. HV CERRAHİSİNDE KARAR VERME
UYUMLU OLMAYAN EKLEM
İleri Deformite: HVA: >400 IMA: >200
Distal Yumuşak Doku Prosedürü
+
Proksimal osteotomi
veya
Füzyon
30. HV CERRAHİSİNDE KARAR VERME
ÖZET
• Eklem uyumlu ise bu uyumu korumalıyız.
(Distal osteotomi: Chevron veya kama veya ikisi birden)
• Eklem uyumlu değil, sublükse ise, uyumlu
hale getirilip normal dizilim sağlanmalıdır.
(Distal yumuşak doku prosedürü: Çoğu zaman
proksimal osteotomi ile kombine edilir.)
31. HV CERRAHİSİNDE KARAR VERME
ÖZET
• IMA normalse proksimal osteotomi yapılmaz.
• IMA < 140 ise distal osteotomi yapılır.(Gerekirse
yumuşak doku prosedürü eklenir.)
• IMA > 140 ise dydp ile birlikte proksimal oseotomi
yapılır.
32. HV CERRAHİSİNDE KARAR VERME
ÖZET
Artrodez Yapılan Durumlar:
• IMA > 200 ve/veya aşırı HVA (> 400?) varsa
• İleri derecede artroz varsa
• 1. MK eklem patolojisi varsa
33. HALLUX VALGUS
Uyumlu Uyumsuz Yaşlı Hasta Dejeneratif
Eklem Eklem Muhtemel Medial Eklem
Cilt Sorunu Hastalığı
Chevron Akın
Bunyonektomi
Keller Füzyon
Orthopaedic
Knowledge
Chevron
Akın
IM Açısı ≤ 14o
Chevron ( > 50 yaş, kemik
kalitesini kontrol et )
Update,
HV Açısı < 30o Distal YDP +/-
Proksimal Hilal Osteotomi
AOFAS,
Biplan
Chevron
veya
AAOS
IM Açısı ≤ 15o
Distal YDP +
Proksimal Hilal Osteotomi
HV Açısı < 40o
veya
Distal YDP +
IM Açısı > 20o Proksimal Hilal Osteotomi
HV Açısı >40o MP Eklem Füzyonu
veya
Hipermobil
1. MK Eklem Füzyonu +
1. MK Eklem
Distal YDP
34. TEŞEKKÜR EDERİM !
XVIII. MİLLİ TÜRK
ORTOPEDİ ve TRAVMATOLOJİ
KOGRESİ
İSTANBUL, 2003