The document discusses various hacking techniques for Cisco networks, including reconnaissance attacks like port scanning and sniffing, active attacks like password cracking and trust exploitation, and external attacks like IP spoofing and denial of service. It then covers defenses like authentication, encryption, access control lists, rate limiting, DHCP snooping, and storm control to mitigate risks from these hacking methods.
Network security is important to protect vital information while allowing authorized access. Key aspects of network security include identifying vulnerabilities, threats like hackers and methods of attack, and implementing appropriate countermeasures. Common attacks include password attacks, viruses, and packet sniffing. Effective countermeasures include firewalls to control access, intrusion detection systems to monitor for exploits, IPsec and encryption to secure communications, and user education to address social engineering vulnerabilities. Comprehensive security requires backups, encryption, virus protection, firewalls, monitoring, training, and testing defenses.
The EternalBlue Exploit: how it works and affects systemsAndrea Bissoli
The purpose of this report is to focus on one particular aspect of a WannayCry malware in order to understand which vulnerability it ex- ploited and how it is spread into the internet. In the report it will be shown EternalBlue attack and how it is possible to take the pc control thanks to DoublePulsar attack and Meterpreter session. Than it is shown a study case in which it is performed a pivoting attack. In the end it is injected simple keyloggers in the machines attacked in order to take some useful informations.
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, 3rd Edition, by Mark Ciampa
Knowledge and skills required for Network Administrators and Information Technology professionals to be aware of security vulnerabilities, to implement security measures, to analyze an existing network environment in consideration of known security threats or risks, to defend against attacks or viruses, and to ensure data privacy and integrity. Terminology and procedures for implementation and configuration of security, including access control, authorization, encryption, packet filters, firewalls, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
CNIT 120: Network Security
http://samsclass.info/120/120_S09.shtml#lecture
Policy: http://samsclass.info/policy_use.htm
Many thanks to Sam Bowne for allowing to publish these presentations.
Introduction of Ethical Hacking, Life cycle of Hacking, Introduction of Penetration testing, Steps in Penetration Testing, Foot printing Module, Scanning Module, Live Demos on Finding Vulnerabilities a) Bypass Authentication b) Sql Injection c) Cross site Scripting d) File upload Vulnerability (Web Server Hacking) Countermeasures of Securing Web applications
This presentation describes penetration testing with a Who, What, Where, When, and How approach. In the presentation, you may discover the common pitfalls of a bad penetration test and you could identify a better one. You should be able to recognize and differentiate both looking at the methods (attitude) and result.
The Presentation is about the Basic Introduction to Cybersecurity that talks about introduction and what is security means. Also the presentation talks about CIA Triad i.e confidentiality, integrity and availability
This document discusses security issues in operating systems. It outlines various program and system threats like buffer overflows, viruses, and denial of service attacks. It also covers user authentication methods and explains how authentication using passwords works to identify users before allowing access. The security problem is defined as systems not being fully secure under all circumstances due to intruders trying to breach security through attacks or accidental misuse.
Vulnerabilities in modern web applicationsNiyas Nazar
Microsoft powerpoint presentation for BTech academic seminar.This seminar discuses about penetration testing, penetration testing tools, web application vulnerabilities, impact of vulnerabilities and security recommendations.
Network security is important to protect vital information while allowing authorized access. Key aspects of network security include identifying vulnerabilities, threats like hackers and methods of attack, and implementing appropriate countermeasures. Common attacks include password attacks, viruses, and packet sniffing. Effective countermeasures include firewalls to control access, intrusion detection systems to monitor for exploits, IPsec and encryption to secure communications, and user education to address social engineering vulnerabilities. Comprehensive security requires backups, encryption, virus protection, firewalls, monitoring, training, and testing defenses.
The EternalBlue Exploit: how it works and affects systemsAndrea Bissoli
The purpose of this report is to focus on one particular aspect of a WannayCry malware in order to understand which vulnerability it ex- ploited and how it is spread into the internet. In the report it will be shown EternalBlue attack and how it is possible to take the pc control thanks to DoublePulsar attack and Meterpreter session. Than it is shown a study case in which it is performed a pivoting attack. In the end it is injected simple keyloggers in the machines attacked in order to take some useful informations.
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, 3rd Edition, by Mark Ciampa
Knowledge and skills required for Network Administrators and Information Technology professionals to be aware of security vulnerabilities, to implement security measures, to analyze an existing network environment in consideration of known security threats or risks, to defend against attacks or viruses, and to ensure data privacy and integrity. Terminology and procedures for implementation and configuration of security, including access control, authorization, encryption, packet filters, firewalls, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
CNIT 120: Network Security
http://samsclass.info/120/120_S09.shtml#lecture
Policy: http://samsclass.info/policy_use.htm
Many thanks to Sam Bowne for allowing to publish these presentations.
Introduction of Ethical Hacking, Life cycle of Hacking, Introduction of Penetration testing, Steps in Penetration Testing, Foot printing Module, Scanning Module, Live Demos on Finding Vulnerabilities a) Bypass Authentication b) Sql Injection c) Cross site Scripting d) File upload Vulnerability (Web Server Hacking) Countermeasures of Securing Web applications
This presentation describes penetration testing with a Who, What, Where, When, and How approach. In the presentation, you may discover the common pitfalls of a bad penetration test and you could identify a better one. You should be able to recognize and differentiate both looking at the methods (attitude) and result.
The Presentation is about the Basic Introduction to Cybersecurity that talks about introduction and what is security means. Also the presentation talks about CIA Triad i.e confidentiality, integrity and availability
This document discusses security issues in operating systems. It outlines various program and system threats like buffer overflows, viruses, and denial of service attacks. It also covers user authentication methods and explains how authentication using passwords works to identify users before allowing access. The security problem is defined as systems not being fully secure under all circumstances due to intruders trying to breach security through attacks or accidental misuse.
Vulnerabilities in modern web applicationsNiyas Nazar
Microsoft powerpoint presentation for BTech academic seminar.This seminar discuses about penetration testing, penetration testing tools, web application vulnerabilities, impact of vulnerabilities and security recommendations.
The document discusses operating system (OS) security. It begins by defining an OS and explaining that OS security refers to protecting information and data used on a computer system. It then lists some key OS security issues like physical security, authentication, software vulnerabilities, and malware. Several main security threats to OS are described such as unauthorized access, unauthorized resource use, data theft, and denial of service attacks. The document provides precautions to improve OS security like setting BIOS passwords, using strong user account passwords, encrypting data, installing antivirus software, and using a personal firewall. It states that Linux and other UNIX-based systems are generally more secure than Windows due to fewer viruses and malware. The conclusion emphasizes that security depends on the
What is Penetration & Penetration test ?Bhavin Shah
Penetration testing (also called pen testing) is the practice of testing a computer system, network or Web application to find vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit.
Basic awareness in cybersecurity.After study people become aware in cyber security.The understand what is cyber security .They understand about some common threats. They also become aware that how to protect theirs data and devices from some common cyber attack.
Understanding Penetration Testing & its Benefits for OrganizationPECB
This topic will cover the most important part related the penetration testing and the importance of its implementation on the organization. Considering it as a good tool for companies to deal with information security vulnerabilities, it is becoming significant part for companies to develop it.
Main point that will be covered:
• Overview of Penetration Testing
• Purpose of Penetration testing and benefits
• What are the Rules of Engagement (White, Black and Grey Box Testing)
• Penetration Testing and Phases
Presenter:
Christie Oso is Managing Principal Information Security consultant and trainer at Intex IT. She is also responsible for Risk Management, Vulnerability Assessment, and Penetration Testing. She holds certification on CISSP, CISM, CEH, ISO 27001 LA, ISO 27005 Risk Manager,
Link of the recorded session published on YouTube: https://youtu.be/lyqOJmC94vg
Password Cracking is a technique to gain the access to an organisation.
In this slide, I will tell you the possible ways of cracking and do a live example for Gmail Password Cracking.
The document discusses SQL injection, including its types, methodology, attack queries, and prevention. SQL injection is a code injection technique where a hacker manipulates SQL commands to access a database and sensitive information. It can result in identity spoofing, modifying data, gaining administrative privileges, denial of service attacks, and more. The document outlines the steps of a SQL injection attack and types of queries used. Prevention methods include minimizing privileges, coding standards, and firewalls.
The document discusses SQL injection attacks. It explains that SQL injection works by tricking web applications into treating malicious user input as SQL code rather than data. This allows attackers to view sensitive data from the database or make changes by having the application execute unintended SQL commands. The key to preventing SQL injection is using prepared statements with bound parameters rather than concatenating user input into SQL queries. Other types of injection attacks on different interpreters are also discussed.
Phishing Attacks - Are You Ready to Respond?Splunk
Phishing and Spear Phishing attacks are the number one starting point for most large data breaches. But there is currently no efficient prevention technology available to mitigate this risk. Learn what capabilities organizations need to have in order to respond to phishing attacks and lower the risk.
- Learn how to detect and respond to phishing attacks
- Understand how an average user behaves when faced with a phishing attack and why they are so successful
- Get insight into the questions that you will need to answer if a phishing campaign is running against your organisation
- Learn the capabilities organisations will need to have in order to answer those questions and protect against phishing attacks
- Learn how you improve your incident response capabilities
This document discusses phishing and prevention techniques. It defines phishing as techniques used by cybercriminals to trick users into revealing sensitive information or installing malware. There are various types of phishing attacks, including email, text, phone calls, and USB devices. Phishing can be mass, spear, or target senior executives. To prevent phishing, the document recommends two-factor authentication, keeping systems updated, scrutinizing links and attachments, and being wary of requests for sensitive information.
This document discusses distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It begins by defining a DDoS attack as an attempt to make an online service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources. It then explains how DDoS attacks work by exploiting vulnerable systems to create large networks of compromised devices that can be directed by an attacker to target a specific system or server. Finally, it discusses different types of DDoS attacks including volumetric attacks, protocol attacks, and application layer attacks and some famous DDoS incidents like attacks on the Church of Scientology and various websites.
This document discusses cyber security fundamentals and social engineering. It covers the need for security due to increasing technology use and cyber criminals. It defines hacking and different types of hackers like white hat, black hat, and grey hat hackers. The document also discusses networking fundamentals like IP addresses, types of IP addresses, and Trojans. It defines viruses, worms, direct connection Trojans, and reverse connection Trojans. Finally, it introduces social engineering as the use of deception to manipulate individuals into revealing private information, and discusses techniques and the human element as the weakest link in security.
The document discusses security concepts including authentication, authorization, confidentiality, integrity, accountability, availability, and non-repudiation. It provides examples of how these concepts apply to physical, technological, and policy/procedural security. It also summarizes how these concepts would work in a scenario where Bob orders parts from a DVD factory website.
The document discusses common security threats such as URL spoofing, man-in-the-middle attacks, cross-frame scripting, SQL injection, rainbow table matching, denial of service attacks, cross-site scripting, cross-site request forgery, brute force attacks, and dictionary attacks. For each threat, it describes variations, prevention methods such as input validation, access control, and encryption, and detection techniques like monitoring for anomalous behavior.
This document provides an introduction to Metasploit, a penetration testing platform used to find, exploit, and validate vulnerabilities. It discusses how to create an Android payload file using msfvenom, send it to a target device, and use Metasploit to interact with the device after payload execution. The document also lists some advantages and disadvantages of Metasploit and references used.
The document describes a procedure for using batch scripting and common tools to identify intrusions on a Microsoft Windows system. The script generates trending data by checking for unusual processes, services, accounts, files and connections. It analyzes the operating system version, registry entries, scheduled tasks, event logs and more. The final summary is a sample batch script that automates running various commands to collect security-related data and output it to log files for administrator review.
The document discusses analyzing SSL traffic and decrypting SSL connections. It provides an overview of cryptographic techniques used in SSL like symmetric and asymmetric encryption, hashing, digital signatures, and certificates. It then covers the SSL/TLS protocol structure, analyzing SSL handshakes and record layers, decrypting SSL using private keys, and tools like SSLstrip for man-in-the-middle attacks.
The document discusses operating system (OS) security. It begins by defining an OS and explaining that OS security refers to protecting information and data used on a computer system. It then lists some key OS security issues like physical security, authentication, software vulnerabilities, and malware. Several main security threats to OS are described such as unauthorized access, unauthorized resource use, data theft, and denial of service attacks. The document provides precautions to improve OS security like setting BIOS passwords, using strong user account passwords, encrypting data, installing antivirus software, and using a personal firewall. It states that Linux and other UNIX-based systems are generally more secure than Windows due to fewer viruses and malware. The conclusion emphasizes that security depends on the
What is Penetration & Penetration test ?Bhavin Shah
Penetration testing (also called pen testing) is the practice of testing a computer system, network or Web application to find vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit.
Basic awareness in cybersecurity.After study people become aware in cyber security.The understand what is cyber security .They understand about some common threats. They also become aware that how to protect theirs data and devices from some common cyber attack.
Understanding Penetration Testing & its Benefits for OrganizationPECB
This topic will cover the most important part related the penetration testing and the importance of its implementation on the organization. Considering it as a good tool for companies to deal with information security vulnerabilities, it is becoming significant part for companies to develop it.
Main point that will be covered:
• Overview of Penetration Testing
• Purpose of Penetration testing and benefits
• What are the Rules of Engagement (White, Black and Grey Box Testing)
• Penetration Testing and Phases
Presenter:
Christie Oso is Managing Principal Information Security consultant and trainer at Intex IT. She is also responsible for Risk Management, Vulnerability Assessment, and Penetration Testing. She holds certification on CISSP, CISM, CEH, ISO 27001 LA, ISO 27005 Risk Manager,
Link of the recorded session published on YouTube: https://youtu.be/lyqOJmC94vg
Password Cracking is a technique to gain the access to an organisation.
In this slide, I will tell you the possible ways of cracking and do a live example for Gmail Password Cracking.
The document discusses SQL injection, including its types, methodology, attack queries, and prevention. SQL injection is a code injection technique where a hacker manipulates SQL commands to access a database and sensitive information. It can result in identity spoofing, modifying data, gaining administrative privileges, denial of service attacks, and more. The document outlines the steps of a SQL injection attack and types of queries used. Prevention methods include minimizing privileges, coding standards, and firewalls.
The document discusses SQL injection attacks. It explains that SQL injection works by tricking web applications into treating malicious user input as SQL code rather than data. This allows attackers to view sensitive data from the database or make changes by having the application execute unintended SQL commands. The key to preventing SQL injection is using prepared statements with bound parameters rather than concatenating user input into SQL queries. Other types of injection attacks on different interpreters are also discussed.
Phishing Attacks - Are You Ready to Respond?Splunk
Phishing and Spear Phishing attacks are the number one starting point for most large data breaches. But there is currently no efficient prevention technology available to mitigate this risk. Learn what capabilities organizations need to have in order to respond to phishing attacks and lower the risk.
- Learn how to detect and respond to phishing attacks
- Understand how an average user behaves when faced with a phishing attack and why they are so successful
- Get insight into the questions that you will need to answer if a phishing campaign is running against your organisation
- Learn the capabilities organisations will need to have in order to answer those questions and protect against phishing attacks
- Learn how you improve your incident response capabilities
This document discusses phishing and prevention techniques. It defines phishing as techniques used by cybercriminals to trick users into revealing sensitive information or installing malware. There are various types of phishing attacks, including email, text, phone calls, and USB devices. Phishing can be mass, spear, or target senior executives. To prevent phishing, the document recommends two-factor authentication, keeping systems updated, scrutinizing links and attachments, and being wary of requests for sensitive information.
This document discusses distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It begins by defining a DDoS attack as an attempt to make an online service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources. It then explains how DDoS attacks work by exploiting vulnerable systems to create large networks of compromised devices that can be directed by an attacker to target a specific system or server. Finally, it discusses different types of DDoS attacks including volumetric attacks, protocol attacks, and application layer attacks and some famous DDoS incidents like attacks on the Church of Scientology and various websites.
This document discusses cyber security fundamentals and social engineering. It covers the need for security due to increasing technology use and cyber criminals. It defines hacking and different types of hackers like white hat, black hat, and grey hat hackers. The document also discusses networking fundamentals like IP addresses, types of IP addresses, and Trojans. It defines viruses, worms, direct connection Trojans, and reverse connection Trojans. Finally, it introduces social engineering as the use of deception to manipulate individuals into revealing private information, and discusses techniques and the human element as the weakest link in security.
The document discusses security concepts including authentication, authorization, confidentiality, integrity, accountability, availability, and non-repudiation. It provides examples of how these concepts apply to physical, technological, and policy/procedural security. It also summarizes how these concepts would work in a scenario where Bob orders parts from a DVD factory website.
The document discusses common security threats such as URL spoofing, man-in-the-middle attacks, cross-frame scripting, SQL injection, rainbow table matching, denial of service attacks, cross-site scripting, cross-site request forgery, brute force attacks, and dictionary attacks. For each threat, it describes variations, prevention methods such as input validation, access control, and encryption, and detection techniques like monitoring for anomalous behavior.
This document provides an introduction to Metasploit, a penetration testing platform used to find, exploit, and validate vulnerabilities. It discusses how to create an Android payload file using msfvenom, send it to a target device, and use Metasploit to interact with the device after payload execution. The document also lists some advantages and disadvantages of Metasploit and references used.
The document describes a procedure for using batch scripting and common tools to identify intrusions on a Microsoft Windows system. The script generates trending data by checking for unusual processes, services, accounts, files and connections. It analyzes the operating system version, registry entries, scheduled tasks, event logs and more. The final summary is a sample batch script that automates running various commands to collect security-related data and output it to log files for administrator review.
The document discusses analyzing SSL traffic and decrypting SSL connections. It provides an overview of cryptographic techniques used in SSL like symmetric and asymmetric encryption, hashing, digital signatures, and certificates. It then covers the SSL/TLS protocol structure, analyzing SSL handshakes and record layers, decrypting SSL using private keys, and tools like SSLstrip for man-in-the-middle attacks.
Securing network switches at the layer 2 level is important to prevent various attacks. The document outlines steps to secure administrative access to switches, protect the management port, turn off unused services and interfaces, and use features like DHCP snooping, dynamic ARP inspection (DAI), port security, and VLANs to mitigate attacks like VLAN hopping, STP manipulation, DHCP spoofing, ARP spoofing, CAM table overflows, and MAC address spoofing. Following configuration best practices and securing switches at layer 2 helps strengthen network security.
The document discusses various methods for attacking network switches, including MAC flooding attacks, MAC spoofing attacks, and attacks against the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). It describes how MAC flooding can overwhelm a switch's bridging table and cause frames to flood across all ports. It also outlines several countermeasures switches can implement, such as port security, BPDU guard, and root guard, to prevent MAC flooding and spoofing attacks as well as STP attacks.
The document discusses different types of attacks on networks and messages, including active attacks like denial of service (DOS) and masquerade, and passive attacks like traffic analysis and release of message content. It also briefly mentions steganography as the art of hiding messages using techniques like character marking, invisible ink, pin punctures, or hiding messages in images.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of Linux. It discusses how Linux originated as a free alternative to proprietary operating systems like DOS, Mac OS, and UNIX. Key points include:
- Linus Torvalds developed the initial Linux kernel in 1991 as a free UNIX-like system for Intel x86 computers.
- Linux has since been adopted widely for servers, supercomputers, embedded systems, and desktop computers. It offers high performance, security, and free/open source software.
- Major Linux distributions like Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu consolidate Linux and make it easy for users to obtain and install through commercial support.
- Linux user groups provide local communities for sharing knowledge and
Linux and UNIX are two families of operating systems with different histories and licensing models. [1] Linux is open source and free of cost, while UNIX usually requires payment from vendors. [2] Linux can run on many hardware architectures while UNIX may be optimized for specific hardware. [3] The choice between Linux and UNIX depends on the user's requirements - UNIX may be better for businesses needing power and support, while Linux is suitable for home users seeking low-cost computing.
Mitigating Worm Attacks seminar discusses tools and techniques for responding to worm incidents in an enterprise network, including containment, inoculation, quarantine, and treatment methodology. Key tools covered are ACLs, NetFlow, sinkholes, and remote-triggered black hole routing to detect and isolate infected systems. Incident response processes including preparation, triage, analysis, reaction, and post-mortem are also reviewed.
Hacking Layer 2 - Enthernet Switcher Hacking Countermeasures.Sumutiu Marius
This document discusses layer 2 security attacks on Ethernet switches and their mitigation. It begins with an overview of layer 2 attacks and caveats. It then discusses specific MAC address attacks like CAM overflow attacks, which can be used to flood a switch's CAM table and cause traffic to flood on a VLAN. The document recommends port security features on switches to mitigate MAC flooding attacks by limiting the number of MAC addresses that can be learned or used on a particular port.
The document provides an overview of Check Point's Gaia operating system. Some key points:
- Gaia is Check Point's next generation operating system that combines the best of their SecurePlatform and IPSO operating systems.
- It supports all Check Point security appliances and products, including Software Blades, Gateways, and Security Management.
- Features include support for IPv4/IPv6, high connection capacity, load sharing, high availability, dynamic routing, easy CLI, and role-based administration.
- Gaia allows for simple upgrades from IPSO and SecurePlatform and includes automated software updates for Check Point products.
This document provides information about new security improvements in Windows Server 2008, including Windows Firewall with Advanced Security, server and domain isolation, server core, windows service hardening, read-only domain controllers, fine-grained password policy, and network access protection. It discusses these topics and provides details on how each improvement enhances security. It also includes an agenda for a presentation and demonstrations on some of the key improvements.
Understanding and Troubleshooting ASA NATCisco Russia
Презентация с вебинара, организованного в рамках сообщества Cisco Support Community.
Приглашаем Вас на другие мероприятия Cisco Support Community, а также к участию в жизни нашего сообщества технической поддержки Cisco:
http://cs.co/CSCRu
This presentation provides an overview of web security, web security with Cisco Ironport, web security with Cisco Scansafe, and the road to hybrid security.
The document provides an overview of Avaya's networking solutions including the Virtual Services Platform (VSP) 9000, VSP 7000, and VSP 4000 series. It discusses the benefits of network virtualization and how the VSP series implements Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) to provide efficient virtualization. Examples are given of how the VSP can be used to virtualize layer 2 and 3 networks and provide services across multiple locations. Key features and capabilities of the different VSP platforms are also summarized.
The document discusses cybersecurity threats and attacks. It describes how attacks often begin by finding vulnerabilities in popular applications like Adobe Reader or Java. It also discusses the Target credit card breach where over 40 million cards were stolen. The document emphasizes that a multi-layered security approach is needed to address both known and unknown threats, including firewalls, network segmentation, application control, and integrated malware sandboxing and prevention techniques.
The document discusses the configuration and setup of the Cisco ASA Firepower module. It provides the following key points:
1. The ASA Firepower module adds next-generation firewall services like IPS, application control, URL filtering, and malware protection. It can be configured in single or multiple context mode, and inline or transparent mode.
2. The module is configured using the separate Firesight Management Center application, either on an external appliance or virtual machine. Basic CLI configuration is also available directly on the ASA.
3. Setup involves installing the module software and image on the ASA, then building and configuring the Firesight Management Center to register and manage the module. Traffic policies on
The document discusses various reconnaissance and access attacks against Cisco networks, as well as countermeasures. It covers passive sniffing, port scans, ping sweeps, password attacks, trust exploitation, IP spoofing, DHCP/ARP attacks, and DoS/DDoS attacks. Defenses include switched networks, encryption, firewall rules, DHCP snooping, dynamic ARP inspection, rate limiting, and storm control.
This document summarizes vulnerabilities in network protocols like TCP/IP, ARP, IP, TCP, FTP, Telnet, and SMTP. It outlines issues like spoofing, flooding attacks, lack of authentication and encryption. It discusses how protocols work at different layers and security problems associated with each, such as spoofing of addresses, hijacking connections, sniffing cleartext data, and denial of service attacks. Prevention methods are also briefly covered.
The document discusses various phases of intrusion and techniques used by attackers:
1. Reconnaissance involves gathering information about the target through techniques like searching public databases, domain name records, and social engineering to map the network and discover vulnerabilities.
2. Scanning detects live machines, network topology, firewall configurations, applications, and vulnerabilities using tools like ping sweeps, traceroute, port scanning, and vulnerability scanners.
3. Gaining access exploits known vulnerabilities through buffer overflow attacks or by downloading exploits from hacker sites to compromise systems.
The document discusses various tools and techniques used by threat actors to carry out attacks. It describes categories of tools like password crackers, wireless hacking tools, network scanning tools, and packet crafting tools. It also covers categories of attacks such as eavesdropping, data modification, IP spoofing, password-based attacks, and denial-of-service attacks. Additionally, it discusses IP vulnerabilities, TCP and UDP vulnerabilities, and common exploits targeting enterprise services like HTTP, email, databases, and client-side scripting.
This document discusses network security concepts including vulnerabilities in TCP/IP protocols, denial of service attacks, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. It outlines common attacks like spoofing, flooding, and session hijacking. It then describes how firewalls use packet filtering and proxies to limit access and detect intrusions. Finally, it covers intrusion detection systems using signature-based and anomaly-based approaches to monitor network traffic and host activity for attacks.
Network security vulnerabilities exist at various layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Firewalls and intrusion detection systems help mitigate these issues. Firewalls use packet filtering or proxies to restrict traffic according to security policies. Intrusion detection systems monitor network traffic or host activity for signs of attacks using signature-based or anomaly-based detection methods.
DDOS Mitigation Experience from IP ServerOne by CL LeeMyNOG
IP ServerOne is a Malaysian data center provider that manages over 4500 physical servers across 5 data centers. They experience 2-5 DDoS attacks per day, mostly ranging from 4.5-8.9 Gbps. To detect attacks, they use netflow to monitor traffic patterns and flag abnormal packet rates to single IPs. When an attack is detected, traffic is rerouted to on-premise filtering devices in less than 90 seconds to scrub attacks while allowing legitimate traffic. IP ServerOne advocates a hybrid mitigation approach using their own infrastructure alongside cloud-based protection.
This document summarizes vulnerabilities in several common network protocols including ARP, IP, TCP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS. It discusses issues like ARP spoofing, TCP SYN flooding attacks, lack of encryption in FTP and SMTP allowing eavesdropping, and DNS spoofing techniques. The document provides high-level overviews of how these protocols work and specific security risks, such as IP spoofing, traffic analysis from unencrypted headers, and filling connection queues in DoS attacks.
This document discusses various types of network security attacks and methods to prevent them. It covers physical access attacks, social engineering attacks, penetration attacks like scanning and malware. It also discusses attacks on the OSI and TCP/IP models like at the session, transport and network layers. Prevention methods covered include firewalls, proxies, IPSec, security policies and hardening hosts. Specific switch and router vulnerabilities are examined like ARP poisoning, SNMP, spanning tree attacks. Countermeasures for switches include BPDU guard, root guard.
This document discusses network security concepts like vulnerabilities in TCP/IP protocols, denial of service attacks, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. It outlines common attacks like spoofing, flooding, and session hijacking. It also describes the functions of packet filtering firewalls and proxy firewalls, as well as signature-based and anomaly-based intrusion detection systems that can monitor networks or individual hosts.
This document provides an overview of network security concepts including vulnerabilities, denial of service attacks, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. It discusses how TCP/IP was not initially designed with security in mind and is vulnerable to spoofing and man-in-the-middle attacks. Denial of service attacks like SYN flooding aim to overwhelm servers or networks. Firewalls can limit access and traffic between internal and external networks but have limitations. Intrusion detection systems monitor traffic to identify attacks that bypass firewalls.
This document provides an overview of network security concepts including vulnerabilities, denial of service attacks, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. It discusses how TCP/IP was not initially designed with security in mind and is vulnerable to spoofing and man-in-the-middle attacks. Denial of service attacks like SYN flooding aim to overwhelm servers through excessive connection requests. Firewalls use packet filtering and proxies to restrict network access and traffic based on security rules. Intrusion detection systems monitor network traffic to identify attacks and anomalies beyond what is allowed by firewall rules.
This document discusses various network attacks and their mitigations. It begins with a list of common attacks like TCP SYN flood, ICMP flood, ARP spoofing, Smurf attack, IP fragmentation, TCP hijacking, and reflector attacks. It then provides descriptions and usage instructions for tools used in attacks, including hping3, Scapy, Ettercap, and Wireshark. The document proceeds to explain each attack in more detail and provides potential prevention and mitigation techniques. It focuses on techniques like firewall configuration, SYN cookies, ICMP flood protection, private VLANs, filtering, encryption, and VPNs.
This document summarizes a presentation given at Defcon 16 about performing an Internet-scale man-in-the-middle attack by hijacking BGP routes. The attack works by originating a route for the target's IP space and setting the AS path to include the ASes along the normal route to the target. Return traffic is then sent back along this engineered path, allowing the attacker to intercept and manipulate traffic without detection. Proper adjustment of TTL values is also described to anonymize the hijacking router and outbound networks. A live demo is said to be part of the presentation agenda.
This document provides an overview of network security. It discusses what security is, why we need it, who is vulnerable, and common security attacks and countermeasures. Security aims to protect vital information while allowing authorized access. Common attacks discussed include firewalls and intrusion detection systems to control access, denial of service attacks to overload systems, TCP hijacking to intercept connections, packet sniffing to capture unencrypted data, and social engineering to trick users into providing sensitive information. A variety of technical and policy approaches are needed to provide security given the challenges of trusting systems and each other on open networks.
The document discusses network security vulnerabilities like spoofing and flooding attacks. It covers denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. Firewalls like packet filters and proxies are introduced as a way to limit network access and inspect traffic according to security policies. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are also mentioned for detecting intrusions through signatures or anomalies.
This document summarizes network-based attacks including IP address spoofing, man-in-the-middle attacks, and denial-of-service attacks. IP address spoofing involves forging the source IP address to gain unauthorized access or hide an attacker's identity. Man-in-the-middle attacks allow an attacker to intercept and control communications between two parties. Denial-of-service attacks like SYN flooding, Smurf attacks, and distributed denial-of-service attacks aim to overload systems by exceeding their resources. Specific techniques for each attack are described in further detail.
Modul 2 - Footprinting Scanning Enumeration.pptcemporku
This document discusses techniques for gathering intelligence about a target network or system prior to launching an attack. It covers the main steps of footprinting, scanning, and enumeration. Footprinting involves passive information gathering through tools like DNS queries, network queries, and WHOIS lookups. Scanning actively probes targets to identify live systems and map open ports, services, and operating systems using ping sweeps, port scans, and fingerprinting. Enumeration extracts further details about resources, users, groups, and shares once access is gained. The document provides an overview of various tools used at each stage and strategies for footprinting networks, scanning ports, and enumerating user information.
This document discusses techniques for gathering intelligence about a target network or system prior to launching an attack. It covers the main steps of footprinting, scanning, and enumeration. Footprinting involves passive information gathering through tools like DNS queries, network queries, and WHOIS lookups. Scanning actively probes targets to identify live systems and map open ports, services, and operating systems using ping sweeps, port scans, and fingerprinting. Enumeration extracts further details about resources, users, groups, and shares once access is gained. The document provides an overview of various tools used at each stage and strategies for footprinting networks, scanning ports, and enumerating user information.
2. Overview
• Reconnaissance Attacks
– Passive Sniffing
– Ping Sweeps
– Port Scans (tcp&udp)
• Active Attacks
– Password attacks
– Trust exploitation
– Port redirection
• External Attacks
– IP Spoofing
– DoS, DDoS Attacks
• Internal Attacks
– DHCP and ARP Attacks
3. Reconnaissance Attacks
• Reconnaissance refers to the
overall act of learning
information about a target
network by using readily
available information and
applications.
• Reconnaissance attacks include
these attacks:
– Packet sniffers
– Port scans
– Ping sweeps
– Internet information queries
4. Packet Sniffers
• A packet sniffer is a software application that uses a network
adapter card in promiscuous mode to capture all network
packets. There are packet sniffer features:
– Packet sniffers exploit information passed in clear text.
Protocols that pass information in clear text are Telnet,
FTP, SNMP, Post Office Protocol (POP), and HTTP.
– Packet sniffers must be on the same collision domain as
the machine that they are targeting.
– Packet sniffers can be used legitimately or can be
designed specifically for attack.
Host A Host B
Router A Router B
6. Packet Sniffer Attack Mitigation
• Here are some packet sniffer mitigation techniques and tools:
– Authentication
– Switched infrastructure
– Antisniffer tools
– Cryptography
Host A Host B
Router A Router B
7. Port Scans and Ping Sweeps
• Port scan and ping sweep attacks:
– Identify all services on the network
– Identify all hosts and devices on the network
– Identify the operating systems on the network
– Identify vulnerabilities on the network
10. Blocking Ping Sweeps
access-list 102 deny icmp any any echo
access-list 102 permit ip any any
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.1.1.254 255.255.255.0
ip access-group 102 in
13. To block messages originating from
the blocking router…
access-list 103 permit icmp any any unreachable
class-map match-all STOPSHARING
match access-group 103!
policy-map STOPSHARING
class STOPSHARING
drop
class class-default
control-plane
service-policy output STOPSHARING
18. How to block…
access-list 101 deny icmp any any unreachable
access-list 101 permit ip any any
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.1.1.254 255.255.255.0
ip access-group 101 out
21. • Port scans and ping sweeps cannot be prevented without
compromising network capabilities.
Port Scan and Ping Sweep
Attack Mitigation
However, damage can be mitigated using IPS at the network
and host levels.
Workstation
with HIPS
Laptop
with HIPS
Scan Port Shared
Connection
IDS and IPS
23. Access Attacks
• Intruders use access attacks on
networks or systems for the these
reasons:
– Retrieve data
– Gain access
– Escalate their access privileges
• Access attacks include:
– Password attacks
– Trust exploitation
– Port redirection
25. Password Attack Example
– The bgp_md5crack tool is used for cracking a secret used for
RFC2385 based packet signing and authentication. It is designed
for offline cracking, means to work on a sniffed, correct signed
packet. This packet can either be directly sniffed of the wire or
be provided in a pcap file.
28. Trust Exploitation
– A hacker leverages
existing trust
relationships.
– Several trust models
exist:
• Microsoft Windows:
– Domains
– Active directory
• Linux and UNIX:
– NIS
– NIS+
System A
User = psmith; Pat Smith
System B is compromised
by a hacker.
User = psmith; Pat Smith
Hacker
User = psmith; Pat Smithson
A hacker
gains
access to
System A .
Trust relationships:
• System A trusts System B.
• System B trusts everyone.
• System A trusts everyone.
29. Port Redirection
Host B
Attacker
Source: A
Destination: B
Port: 23
Compromised
Host A
Source: Attacker
Destination: A
Port: 22
Source: Attacker
Destination: B
Port: 23
30. Port Redirection Configuration
On HOSTA we create a named pipe using the mkfifo commands:
#pipe will be the name of our named pipe
mkfifo pipe
We then create our two way tunnel using Netcat on HOSTA:
nc -lvp 25 <pipe | nc -t 10.1.2.253 23 >pipe
Then telnet from Attacker machine
telnet 10.1.2.1 80
32. IP Spoofing
– IP spoofing occurs when a hacker inside or outside a
network impersonates a trusted source.
– IP spoofing uses trusted internal IP addresses or trusted
external IP addresses.
– Attackers use IP spoofing for many reasons:
• To gain root access
• To inject malicious data or commands into an existing
data stream
• To divert network packets to the hacker who can then
reply as a trusted user by changing the routing tables
• To crash servers by overloading memory (DoS)
• As a step in a larger attack
33. IP Spoofing—Types of Attack
•IP spoofing attacks are either:
– Nonblind spoofing
• The attacker sniffs sequence numbers
(i.e., from inside the subnet of the victim).
– Blind spoofing
• The attacker calculates sequence numbers.
•IP spoofing can lead to these types of attacks:
– Man-in-the-middle attack
– DoS attack
– Distributed DoS (DDoS) attack
36. Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
– A man-in-the-middle attack requires that the hacker has
access to network packets that come across a network.
– A man-in-the-middle attack is implemented using the
following:
• Network packet sniffers (nonblind attack)
• Routing and transport protocols (blind attack)
Host A Host B
Router A Router B
Data in Clear Text
37. IP Spoofing Attack Mitigation
• The threat of IP spoofing can be reduced, but not eliminated,
using these measures:
– Strong access control at the router
• ACLs on outbound interface
• ACLs on inbound interface
– Data encryption
– Additional authentication requirements
Host A Host B
Router A ISP Router B
IPSec tunnel
38. DoS Attacks
• A DoS attack damages or
corrupts your computer
system or denies you and
others access to your
networks, systems, or
services.
• DoS attack techniques almost
always use IP spoofing.
39. TCP SYN Flooding DoS Attack
Attacker
TCP
Client
-------------
Client Ports
1024–65535
Victim TCP
Server
-------------
Service Ports
1–1024
80
1SYN
2 SYN and ACK
?
SYN Packet
with Spoofed
Source
Address
TCP
Client
-------------
Client Ports
1024–65535
TCP
Server
-------------
Service Ports
1–1024
80
1SYN
3ACK
2 SYN and ACK
TCP Three-
Way
Handshake
40. DDoS Attacks
• DoS and DDoS attacks have these characteristics:
– They are not generally targeted to gain access.
– They aim at making a service unavailable.
– They require very little effort to execute.
– They are difficult to eliminate.
• DoS
Attack
• DDoS Attack
Attacker Victim
Attack Control
Mechanism
Zombie Zombie Zombie
Victim
41. DDoS Example
Handler
Systems
Client System
4. The client
issues commands
to handlers
that control agents
in a mass attack.
1. The cracker looks for
targets.
2. The cracker installs
software to scan,
compromise, and
infect agents with
zombies.
3. Agents are loaded with remote control attack software.
Agent
Systems
46. DoS and DDoS Attack Mitigation
• Reduce DoS and DDoS attacks by:
– Protecting yourself against IP spoofing with ingress- and
egress-filtering ACLs
– Using antivirus software to find zombie agents
– Using anti-DoS features on routers and firewalls
• ip verify unicast reverse-path interface command
• ACLs to filter all private Internet address space (RFC
1918)
– Using traffic rate limiting at the ISP level
• Use class-based traffic policing on ICMP packets
• Use SYN rate limiting
47. Rate Limiting
What rate limiting does:
• Allows network managers to set bandwidth thresholds for users and by traffic type
Benefits:
• Prevents the deliberate or accidental flooding of the network
• Keeps traffic flowing smoothly
Rate Limiting for
Different Classes of UsersNetwork
Manager
Teachers
Students
2 Mbps
10 Mbps
50 Mbps
Otherwise, there can be a
deliberate or accidental
slowdown or freezing of the
network.
48. Example: ICMP rate limiting
access-list 170 permit icmp any any
Interface f0/0
rate-limit input access-group 170 128000 16000 24000
conform-action transmit exceed-action drop
49. Spoofing the DHCP Server
1. An attacker activates a DHCP
server on a network segment.
2. The client broadcasts a request
for DHCP configuration
information.
3. The rogue DHCP server
responds before the legitimate
DHCP server can respond,
assigning attacker-defined IP
configuration information.
4. Host packets are redirected to
the attacker address as it
emulates a default gateway for
the erroneous DHCP address
provided to the client.
ClientRogue DHCP
Attacker
Legitimate
DHCP
Server
51. Storm Control can be in help…
Interface fastethernet 0/1
storm-control broadcast level 10.00 8.00
52. DHCP Snooping
– DHCP snooping allows the
configuration of ports as
trusted or untrusted.
• Trusted ports can send
DHCP requests and
acknowledgements.
• Untrusted ports can
forward only DHCP
requests.
– DHCP snooping enables the
switch to build a DHCP
binding table that maps a
client MAC address, IP
address, VLAN, and port ID.
– Use the ip dhcp snooping
command.
Client
Rogue DHCP
Attacker
Legitimate
DHCP
Server
53. DHCP Snooping Configuration
ip dhcp snooping
ip dhcp snooping vlan 20
interface FastEthernet0/13
switchport access vlan 20
ip dhcp snooping trust
Switch#sh ip dhcp snooping binnding
MacAddress IpAddress Lease(sec) Type VLAN Interface
------------------ --------------- ---------- ------------- ---- --------------------
00:14:A8:96:2C:40 10.1.2.12 86371 dhcp-snooping 20 FastEthernet0/24
00:14:6A:1D:B8:00 10.1.2.13 86371 dhcp-snooping 20 FastEthernet0/23
Total number of bindings: 2
54. ARP Spoofing: Man-in-the-Middle
Attacks
•10.1.1.1 = MAC C.C.C.C
ARP Table in Host A
IP 10.1.1.2
MAC A.A.A.A
A
B
•10.1.1.2 = MAC C.C.C.C
ARP Table in Host B
•10.1.1.1 = MAC B.B.B.B
•10.1.1.2 = MAC A.A.A.A
ARP Table in Host C
CIP 10.1.1.3
MAC C.C.C.C
1. IP 10.1.1.2
? MAC for 10.1.1.1
2. Legitimate ARP reply
10.1.1.1 = MAC B.B.B.B
3. Subsequent gratuitous ARP replies
overwrite legitimate replies
•10.1.1.1 bound to C.C.C.C
•10.1.1.2 bound to C.C.C.C
Attacker
IP 10.1.1.1
MAC B.B.B.B
A B
C
A = host A
B = host B
C = host C
55. 10.1.1.1
Mitigating Man-in-the-Middle
Attacks with DAI
• MAC or IP Tracking Built on DHCP Snooping
10.1.1.2
DHCP Server
DHCP Discovery (BCAST)
DHCP Offer (UCAST)
DAI provides protection against attacks such as ARP poisoning using
spoofing tools such as ettercap, dsniff, and arpspoof.
DAI Function:
Track Discovery
Track DHCP Offer MAC or IP
Track Subsequent ARPs for MAC or IP
56. DAI in Action
•A binding table containing IP-address and MAC-address associations is
dynamically populated using DHCP snooping.
10.1.1.1
10.1.1.2
10.1.1.2
GARP is sent to attempt to change the IP
address to MAC bindings.
Gateway
is
10.1.1.1
Attacker is not
gateway according to
this binding table
I am your
gateway:
10.1.1.1
57. DAI Configuration…
ip arp inspection vlan 20
ip arp inspection vlan 20 logging dhcp-bindings all
ip arp inspection validate src-mac
Windows Domain Models - http://is-it-true.org/nt/atips/atips307.shtml
Linux/UNIX Trusts - http://nim.cit.cornell.edu/usr/share/man/info/en_US/a_doc_lib/files/aixfiles/hosts.equiv.htm
Allows traffic entering a compromised machine on a particular port (that is, TCP/22-SSH) to be redirected to a different machine on a different port (TCP/23-Telnet)
Allows an attacker to exploit trust relationships to circumvent the firewall for all hosts once he controls one host.
Root kit based install allows the redirection process, files, and connections to be hidden.
IP Spoofing – an attacker sends a message to a target host with an IP address indicating that the message is coming from a trusted host. The attacker must know the IP address of a trusted host in order to modify the packet headers so that it appears that the packets are coming from that host.
TCP Session Hijacking – an attacker sniffs for packets being sent from a client to a server in order to identify the two hosts&apos; IP addresses and relative port numbers. Using this information an attacker modifies his packet headers to spoof TCP/IP packets from the client. The attacker then waits to receive an ACK packet from the client communicating with the server (which contains the sequence number of the next packet the client is expecting). The attacker replies to the client using a modified packet with the source address of the server and the destination address of the client. This results in a RST which disconnects the legitimate client. The attacker takes over communications with the server spoofing the expected sequence number from the ACK that was previously sent from the legitimate client to the server.
IP Fragmentation – Firewalls that support stateful inspection of established connections analyze packets to see if they are being received in the proper sequence. In the case of IP fragments, the firewall attempts to reassemble all fragments prior to forwarding them on to the final destination. If an attacker sends repeated incomplete or out-of-order fragmented packets to the firewall it will log and wait for all remaining fragments to be received before handling the connection. As a result, system resources are exhausted due to logging and the firewall is subject to a denial of service. Also, some Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) do not handle IP fragmentation, Out-of-Order fragmentation, TCP segment overlap, and Out-of-Order TCP segments properly; which results in packets slipping through because the IDS failed to alarm!!!