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Hacking a Bird in the Sky: The Revenge of Angry Birds
The document discusses satellite communication systems and potential vulnerabilities. It describes how VSAT networks are used to provide services like automated teller machines and banking networks. It then outlines some hypothetical attacks against different parts of satellite systems, including denial of service attacks against uplinks and downlinks, commandeering spare satellites, and spoofing orbital positioning. The document cautions that insiders pose the biggest risk, and discusses frameworks for distributed scanning of satellites to identify vulnerabilities early. It advocates for monitoring spectrum usage and carrier signals to detect anomalies.
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Hacking a Bird in the Sky: The Revenge of Angry Birds
- 1. Hacking a Birdin the Sky The Revenge of Angry Birds Jim Geovedi, Raditya Iryandi, Raoul Chiesa
- 2. Satellite Communication When terrestrialcommunication FAIL, we PREVAIL! Arthur C. Clarke 1917-2008
- 3. Broadcast Video to Cable Headends Local ISPs Direct Broadcast TV Video Last-mile Broadband Contribution Corporate Data Networks Teleport PSTN (Interactive & Multicast) End Users Teleport Internet End Users
- 4. average distance tomoon: 384,400 km Medium Earth Orbit Altitude: 8,000-20,000 km Low Earth Orbit EARTH Altitude: 500-2,000 km Geostationary Orbit Altitude: 35,786 km Highly Elliptical Orbit Altitude: >35,786 km
- 5. Propulsion System Telemetry, Attitude Control, Solar Arrays Commanding, Fuel, Batteries, Solar Arrays Power/Thermal Systems Transponder Down-converter, High Power, Transponder Receiver Pre-amplifier, Amplifier, Transmitter Section Filter Filter Section RX Antenna TX Antenna Jakarta Jayapura Uplink Downlink Earth Stations / Antennas
- 6. Telkom-1 Footprint /108.0º East (C Band) C Band 38 40 42
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- 8. Example of Frequencyand Polarisation Distribution Transmit 3720 3760 3800 3840 3880 3920 3960 4000 4040 4080 4120 4160 4199 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 T/M Polarisation Horizontal 3701 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 T/M 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Polarisation Vertical Frequency MHz 3700 4200 Receive 5945 5985 6025 6065 6105 6145 6185 6225 6265 6305 6345 6385 6424 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 CMD Polarisation Vertical 5965 6005 6045 6085 6125 6165 6205 6245 6285 6325 6365 6405 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Polarisation Horizontal Frequency MHz 5925 6245 Channel spacing = 40 MHz — Usable bandwidth = 36 MHz
- 9. VSAT / VerySmall Aperture Terminal ‣ Two-way satellite communication ‣ Use small dish antennas (diameter: 75cm-2,4m) ‣ Managed by the HUB (master earth station)
- 10. VSAT / Services ‣ One-way multicast ‣ One-way with terrestrial return ‣ Two-way satellite access
- 11. VSAT Network Topologies/ Simplex Transmission Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Hub Equipment TV Station / HQ Network Affiliated TV Stations
- 12. VSAT Network Topologies/ Point-to-Point Duplex Transmission Public Network Public Network Private Network CPE CPE Private Network Customer Site Customer Site
- 13. VSAT Network Topologies/ Point-to-Multipoint Transmission CPE CPE CPE Network or Sites Network or Sites Network or Sites
- 14. VSAT Network Topologies/ Mobile Antenna Service Public Network Hub Equipment Private Network Customer Site
- 15. VSAT Network Topologies/ Star Network Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Public/Private Networks Networks or Sites
- 16. VSAT Network Topologies/ Mesh Network Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Networks or Sites Networks or Sites Networks or Sites
- 17. Access Methods /FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) f1 f2 f3 Transponder f1 f2 f3
- 18. Access Methods /TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) f1 Transponder f1 f1 f1 f1
- 19. Access Methods /CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ------------------------------------------ Transponder f1 f1 f1 f1
- 20. Satellite Vulnerabilities Current systemsare vulnerable to a variety of attacks, and future systems promise little improvement.
- 21. Unless you havemillions of dollars and a team of engineers, you have no hope of taking over commercial or governmental satellites. If someone did put together the power to try such a stunt, they would be more likely to damage a satellite than take it over. How to Break into Satellites: Not! Carolyn Meinel’s GUIDE TO (mostly) HARMLESS HACKING Gobbles!
- 22. hackers will eventuallyfind a way to hack
- 23. employees management vendors customers spieS government network of trust
- 24. It is worthnoting that the most likely cause of damage to or loss of service from a satellite is the actual operator. Dan Veeneman
- 25. Dan Veeneman Low Earth Orbit Satellites Dan Veeneman Future & Existing Satellite Systems Warezzman DVB Satellite Hacking Jim Geovedi, Raditya Iryandi, Hacking a Bird in the Sky: Hijacking VSAT Connection Jim Geovedi, Raditya Iryandi, Anthony Zboralski Hacking a Bird in the Sky: Exploiting Satellite Trust Relationship Adam Laurie $atellite Hacking for Fun & Pr0fit! Leonardo Nve Egea, Christian Martorella Playing in a Satellite Environment 1.2 Jim Geovedi, Raditya Iryandi Hacking Satellite: A New Universe to Discover Jim Geovedi, Raditya Iryandi, Raoul Chiesa Hacking a Bird in the Sky: The Revenge of Angry Birds 1996 1998 2004 2006 2008 2009 2011
- 26. Veeneman’s Satellite HypotheticalAttacks Denial of Service Orbital Positioning Takeover Spare Satellite Raging Transponder Spoofing ? Jam Uplink Direct Commanding Overpower Uplink Command Replay Jam Downlink Insertion
- 28. Satellite TT&C GroundNetworks Frequency Network Gateway Receivers/Modems Conversion Ground Geolocation Antenna Digital/Analog Spectrum Record and Replay Monitoring IP Network Gateway COMSEC Front-end Processor Command and Control
- 29. Land Earth StationAttacks
- 30. Satellite-based Attacks Against ATMsand Bank Networks It's not a big truck. It's a series of tubes.
- 31. TRADE FINANCE TREASURY DATA WAREHOUSING ANTI MONEY LAUNDERING REMITTANCE CORE CRM ATM SWITCH COLLECTION SYSTEM MOBILE BANKING INTERNET BANKING ISLAMIC (SHARIA) BANKING CARD MANAGEMENT
- 32. VSAT / AutomatedTeller Machine Networks ATM ATM ATM ATM Standard Network Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Equipment Core Banking Networks Automated Teller Machines
- 33. VSAT / AutomatedTeller Machine Networks
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- 39. The Usual Culprits People Problems System Problems Weak Passwords Outdated Systems Lack of Awareness Insecure Configurations Lack of Skills Insecure Protocols
- 40.
- 41. Distributed Satellite Scanning Framework Identifypotential problems at an early stage.
- 42. Framework Goals ‣ Dead or Alive status / checking if the bird is still alive ‣ Protocols / understand which protocols the target is running ‣ Service type / knowing which service we can (ab)use ‣ Distributed IP C&C / widening the coverage
- 43.
- 44. Satellite Carrier MonitoringSystem ‣ Spectrum Analyser and Digital Spectrum Processor analysis ‣ Reference trace and measurement ‣ Automatic alerts for abnormal and missing carriers
- 45.
- 46. What’s Next? No, thejourney doesn't end here.
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- 52. Fin. Jim Geovedi <jim@geovedi.com>,@geovedi Raoul Chiesa <raoul.chiesa@mediaservice.net>