Thus the article offers the model represented by algebraic equations and inequalities for routing and
policing traffic in infocommunication network. The novelty of the model is as follows: multiflow nature of
modern ICN is taken into account (1), i.е. a set of flows circling between different pairs of network routers are
considered simultaneously; coherent formalization of processes of traffic routing and policing within the model
that has lower dimensionality in comparison to known earlier is provided; the choice of optimality criterion, use
of which allows to implement multipath routing with consequent inclusion of paths as well as to organize
limitation of flow intensity on all the used routs simultaneously depending on their characteristics and flow
priority. According to the results of the analysis conducted we offer recommendations for choosing relation in
numerical values of routing metrics and service denial regarding the provision of the given values for the main
QoS characteristics, e.g. average packet delay. The model can be used as a basis for perspective protocol
decisions aimed at coherence of solutions for the tasks of traffic routing and policing. Further development of
the given model is possible under full account of stochastic characteristics of packet flows circling in the
network.
PERFORMANCE OF OLSR MANET ADOPTING CROSS-LAYER APPROACH UNDER CBR AND VBR TRA...IJCNCJournal
The routing protocols play an important role in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) because of the dynamically change of its topology. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), unawareness of Quality of Service (QoS) and power-consumed protocol, is an example of a widely-used routing protocol in MANET.
The Multi-Point Relays (MPR) selection algorithm is very crucial in OLSR. Therefore, firstly, we propose a heuristic method to select the best path based on two parameters; Bit Error Rate (BER) derived from the physical layer and Weighted Connectivity Index (CI) adopted from the network layer. This can be done via the cross-layer design scheme. This is anticipated to enhance the performance of OLSR, provide QoS
guarantee and improve the power consumption. The performances of the proposed scheme are investigated
by simulation of two types of traffics: CBR and VBR (MPEG-4), evaluated by metrics namely Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average End-to-End Delay, Control Overhead and Average Total Power Consumption.We compare our results with the typical OLSR and OLSR using only Weighted CI. It is
obvious that our proposed scheme provides superior performances to the typical OLSR and OLSR using only Weighted CI, especially, at high traffic load.
QOS ROUTING AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS USING OLSR ...ijasuc
Mobile Ad-Hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes in communication without using infrastructure.
As the real-time applications used in today’s wireless network grow, we need some schemes to provide
more suitable service for them. We know that most of actual schemes do not perform well on traffic which
is not strictly CBR. Therefore, in this paper we have studied the impact, respectively, of mobility models
and the density of nodes on the performances (End-to-End Delay, Throughput and Packet Delivery ratio)
of routing protocol (Optimized Link State Routing) OLSR by using in the first a real-time VBR (MPEG-4)
and secondly the Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic. Finally we compare the performance on both cases.
Experimentally, we considered the three mobility models as follows Random Waypoint, Random
Direction and Mobgen Steady State. The experimental results illustrate that the behavior of OLSR change
according to the model and the used traffics.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN CELLULAR NETWORKS CONSIDERING THE QOS BY RETRIAL QUEU...IJCNCJournal
In this article, a retrial queueing model will be considered with persevering customers for wireless cellular
networks which can be frequently applied in the Fractional Guard Channel (FGC) policies, including
Limited FGC (LFGC), Uniform FGC (UFGC), Limited Average FGC (LAFGC) and Quasi Uniform FGC
(QUFGC). In this model, the examination on the retrial phenomena permits the analyses of important
effectiveness measures pertained to the standard of services undergone by users with the probability that a
fresh call first arrives the system and find all busy channels at the time, the probability that a fresh call
arrives the system from the orbit and find all busy channels at the time and the probability that a handover
call arrives the system and find all busy channels at the time. Comparison between four types of the FGC
policy can befound to evaluate the performance of the system.
INVESTIGATING MULTILAYER OMEGA-TYPE NETWORKS OPERATING WITH THE CUT-THROUGH T...IJCNCJournal
The continuous increase in the complexity of data networks has motivated the development of more effective Multistage Interconnection Networks (MINs) as important factors in providing higher data transfer rates in various switching divisions. In this paper, semi-layer omega-class networks operating with a cut-through forwarding technique are chosen as test-bed subjects for detailed evaluation, and this network architecture is modelled, inspected, and simulated. The results are examined for relevant singlelayer omega networks operating with cut-through or ‘store and forward’ forwarding techniques. Two series of experiments are carried out: one concerns the case of uniform traffic, while the other is related to hotspot traffic. The results quantify the way in which this network outperforms the corresponding singlelayer network architectures for the same network size and buffer size. Furthermore, the effects of the dimensions of the switch elements and their corresponding reliability on the overall interconnection system are investigated, and the complexity and the relevant cost are examined. The data yielded by this investigation can be valuable to MIN engineers and can allow them to achieve more productive networks with lower overall implementation costs.
Channel Aware Mac Protocol for Maximizing Throughput and FairnessIJORCS
The proper channel utilization and the queue length aware routing protocol is a challenging task in MANET. To overcome this drawback we are extending the previous work by improving the MAC protocol to maximize the Throughput and Fairness. In this work we are estimating the channel condition and Contention for a channel aware packet scheduling and the queue length is also calculated for the routing protocol which is aware of the queue length. The channel is scheduled based on the channel condition and the routing is carried out by considering the queue length. This queue length will provide a measurement of traffic load at the mobile node itself. Depending upon this load the node with the lesser load will be selected for the routing; this will effectively balance the load and improve the throughput of the ad hoc network.
To increase the network capacity, there is
need to minimize the interference among nodes and
optimum control of topology in the foundation of
network. Recently, technological development helps to
build of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) in order to
improve the quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay. In
contradictory to the objective of minimizing interference,
it is important to concern topology control in delay
constrained environment. The present research work
attempts to control the delay-constrained topology with
jointly considering delay and interference concept.
Additionally, the study proposed an interference oriented
topology control algorithm for delay-constrained
MANETs by taking account of both the interference
constraint and the delay constraint under the specific
condition of transmission delay, contention delay and the
queuing delay. Further, the study investigated the impact
of node mobility on the interference oriented topology
control algorithm. Finally, the results of the present
study shows that the proposed algorithm controls the
topology to convince the interference constraint, and
increases the transmit range to congregate the delay
requirement. Also, the study conclude that the algorithm
could effectively reduce the delay protocol and improve
the performance effectively in delay-constrained mobile
ad hoc networks.
The performance of the vehicular communication-clustering processTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
For the new wireless systems and beyond, the intelligent transportation system is considered as one of the main features that could be covered in the new research topics. Furthermore, both high-speed data transmission and data processing play a crucial role for these generations. Our work covers two main propositions in order to attain an improvement in such intelligent systems performance. A clustering algorithm is proposed and presented for grouping mobile nodes based on their speeds with some modified head assignments processes. This will be combined with a parallel-processing technique that enhances the QoS. Mainly, this work concerns enhancing the V2V data transmission and the processing speed. Thus, a wavelet processing stage has been imposed to optimize the transmitted power phenomenon. In order to check the validity of such proposition, five main efficiency factors have been investigated; namely complementary cumulative distributions, bit rates, energy efficiency, the lifetime of cluster head and the ordinary nodes reattaching-head average times.
AN EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF HELLO PROCESS FOR ROUTING PROTOCOL IN MANETSIJCNCJournal
In the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) update of link connectivity is necessary to refresh the neighbor tables in data transfer. A existing hello process periodically exchanges the link connectivity information, which is not adequate for dynamic topology. Here, slow update of neighbour table entries causes link failures which affect performance parameter as packet drop, maximum delay, energy consumption, and reduced throughput. In the dynamic hello technique, new neighbour nodes and lost neighbour nodes are used to compute link change rate (LCR) and hello-interval/refresh rate (r). Exchange of link connectivity information at a fast rate consumes unnecessary bandwidth and energy. In MANET resource wastage can be controlled by avoiding the re-route discovery, frequent error notification, and local repair in the entire network. We are enhancing the existing hello process, which shows significant improvement in performance.
PERFORMANCE OF OLSR MANET ADOPTING CROSS-LAYER APPROACH UNDER CBR AND VBR TRA...IJCNCJournal
The routing protocols play an important role in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) because of the dynamically change of its topology. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), unawareness of Quality of Service (QoS) and power-consumed protocol, is an example of a widely-used routing protocol in MANET.
The Multi-Point Relays (MPR) selection algorithm is very crucial in OLSR. Therefore, firstly, we propose a heuristic method to select the best path based on two parameters; Bit Error Rate (BER) derived from the physical layer and Weighted Connectivity Index (CI) adopted from the network layer. This can be done via the cross-layer design scheme. This is anticipated to enhance the performance of OLSR, provide QoS
guarantee and improve the power consumption. The performances of the proposed scheme are investigated
by simulation of two types of traffics: CBR and VBR (MPEG-4), evaluated by metrics namely Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average End-to-End Delay, Control Overhead and Average Total Power Consumption.We compare our results with the typical OLSR and OLSR using only Weighted CI. It is
obvious that our proposed scheme provides superior performances to the typical OLSR and OLSR using only Weighted CI, especially, at high traffic load.
QOS ROUTING AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS USING OLSR ...ijasuc
Mobile Ad-Hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes in communication without using infrastructure.
As the real-time applications used in today’s wireless network grow, we need some schemes to provide
more suitable service for them. We know that most of actual schemes do not perform well on traffic which
is not strictly CBR. Therefore, in this paper we have studied the impact, respectively, of mobility models
and the density of nodes on the performances (End-to-End Delay, Throughput and Packet Delivery ratio)
of routing protocol (Optimized Link State Routing) OLSR by using in the first a real-time VBR (MPEG-4)
and secondly the Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic. Finally we compare the performance on both cases.
Experimentally, we considered the three mobility models as follows Random Waypoint, Random
Direction and Mobgen Steady State. The experimental results illustrate that the behavior of OLSR change
according to the model and the used traffics.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN CELLULAR NETWORKS CONSIDERING THE QOS BY RETRIAL QUEU...IJCNCJournal
In this article, a retrial queueing model will be considered with persevering customers for wireless cellular
networks which can be frequently applied in the Fractional Guard Channel (FGC) policies, including
Limited FGC (LFGC), Uniform FGC (UFGC), Limited Average FGC (LAFGC) and Quasi Uniform FGC
(QUFGC). In this model, the examination on the retrial phenomena permits the analyses of important
effectiveness measures pertained to the standard of services undergone by users with the probability that a
fresh call first arrives the system and find all busy channels at the time, the probability that a fresh call
arrives the system from the orbit and find all busy channels at the time and the probability that a handover
call arrives the system and find all busy channels at the time. Comparison between four types of the FGC
policy can befound to evaluate the performance of the system.
INVESTIGATING MULTILAYER OMEGA-TYPE NETWORKS OPERATING WITH THE CUT-THROUGH T...IJCNCJournal
The continuous increase in the complexity of data networks has motivated the development of more effective Multistage Interconnection Networks (MINs) as important factors in providing higher data transfer rates in various switching divisions. In this paper, semi-layer omega-class networks operating with a cut-through forwarding technique are chosen as test-bed subjects for detailed evaluation, and this network architecture is modelled, inspected, and simulated. The results are examined for relevant singlelayer omega networks operating with cut-through or ‘store and forward’ forwarding techniques. Two series of experiments are carried out: one concerns the case of uniform traffic, while the other is related to hotspot traffic. The results quantify the way in which this network outperforms the corresponding singlelayer network architectures for the same network size and buffer size. Furthermore, the effects of the dimensions of the switch elements and their corresponding reliability on the overall interconnection system are investigated, and the complexity and the relevant cost are examined. The data yielded by this investigation can be valuable to MIN engineers and can allow them to achieve more productive networks with lower overall implementation costs.
Channel Aware Mac Protocol for Maximizing Throughput and FairnessIJORCS
The proper channel utilization and the queue length aware routing protocol is a challenging task in MANET. To overcome this drawback we are extending the previous work by improving the MAC protocol to maximize the Throughput and Fairness. In this work we are estimating the channel condition and Contention for a channel aware packet scheduling and the queue length is also calculated for the routing protocol which is aware of the queue length. The channel is scheduled based on the channel condition and the routing is carried out by considering the queue length. This queue length will provide a measurement of traffic load at the mobile node itself. Depending upon this load the node with the lesser load will be selected for the routing; this will effectively balance the load and improve the throughput of the ad hoc network.
To increase the network capacity, there is
need to minimize the interference among nodes and
optimum control of topology in the foundation of
network. Recently, technological development helps to
build of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) in order to
improve the quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay. In
contradictory to the objective of minimizing interference,
it is important to concern topology control in delay
constrained environment. The present research work
attempts to control the delay-constrained topology with
jointly considering delay and interference concept.
Additionally, the study proposed an interference oriented
topology control algorithm for delay-constrained
MANETs by taking account of both the interference
constraint and the delay constraint under the specific
condition of transmission delay, contention delay and the
queuing delay. Further, the study investigated the impact
of node mobility on the interference oriented topology
control algorithm. Finally, the results of the present
study shows that the proposed algorithm controls the
topology to convince the interference constraint, and
increases the transmit range to congregate the delay
requirement. Also, the study conclude that the algorithm
could effectively reduce the delay protocol and improve
the performance effectively in delay-constrained mobile
ad hoc networks.
The performance of the vehicular communication-clustering processTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
For the new wireless systems and beyond, the intelligent transportation system is considered as one of the main features that could be covered in the new research topics. Furthermore, both high-speed data transmission and data processing play a crucial role for these generations. Our work covers two main propositions in order to attain an improvement in such intelligent systems performance. A clustering algorithm is proposed and presented for grouping mobile nodes based on their speeds with some modified head assignments processes. This will be combined with a parallel-processing technique that enhances the QoS. Mainly, this work concerns enhancing the V2V data transmission and the processing speed. Thus, a wavelet processing stage has been imposed to optimize the transmitted power phenomenon. In order to check the validity of such proposition, five main efficiency factors have been investigated; namely complementary cumulative distributions, bit rates, energy efficiency, the lifetime of cluster head and the ordinary nodes reattaching-head average times.
AN EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF HELLO PROCESS FOR ROUTING PROTOCOL IN MANETSIJCNCJournal
In the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) update of link connectivity is necessary to refresh the neighbor tables in data transfer. A existing hello process periodically exchanges the link connectivity information, which is not adequate for dynamic topology. Here, slow update of neighbour table entries causes link failures which affect performance parameter as packet drop, maximum delay, energy consumption, and reduced throughput. In the dynamic hello technique, new neighbour nodes and lost neighbour nodes are used to compute link change rate (LCR) and hello-interval/refresh rate (r). Exchange of link connectivity information at a fast rate consumes unnecessary bandwidth and energy. In MANET resource wastage can be controlled by avoiding the re-route discovery, frequent error notification, and local repair in the entire network. We are enhancing the existing hello process, which shows significant improvement in performance.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS MESH NETWORK USING ADAPTIVE INFORMANT FACTOR...IJCSES Journal
Wireless mesh network (WMN) has become an important leading technology which provides several types of useful applications such as community network, broadband home network and internet access, etc. The rise in the size of users in WMN has created a degradation of efficiency in a network especially in dense areas due to the clumsy channel allocation and hence creating many challenges for enhancing the users experience, network quality and throughput. Therefore in this paper, we proposed OCA based AIF model that can access the channel information and then it process to improve the RF channel association. The proposed OCA-AIF will function for each period when some interference is detected via AIF and we further extend this analysis by taking in to consideration the influence of interference to provide a high quality indicator in network. The analysis of result shows the optimization by our proposed approach which increases as per the increment of relay nodes (RNs).
QoS Oriented Coding For Mobility Constraint in Wireless Networksiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The congestion control within the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) plays a critical role in
amending data rate to evade congestion from happening possibilities. Based on TCP communication sender
not only guarantees the successful packet delivery, but also maintains the correct sequence of packets by
receiving the frequent acknowledgement from the receiver. In this research we proposed a congestion
control scheme with modified TCP and queue length variation with OLSR routing protocol in MANET. The
TCP protocol performance is modified by forwarding busy channel signals to predecessor nodes through
intermediate nodes in network. The congestion is controlled by that novel method of detecting the node is
busy or ready for communication. If the communication is start in network and the possibility if congestion
is arise, then in that case the queue length is handle the possibility of congestion. The congestion is
minimized due to awaring about the channel busy status and nodes buffer status or queue status. The TCP
protocol is able to handle the congestion situation but i.e. completely based on acknowledgement of receiver
and also not very effective to control it. The proposed TCP congestion control OLSR routing is improves
the network performance by reducing packet loss. The performance of network is measure through
performance metrics like throughput, PDF and Routing overhead in different node density scenarios. The
performance of proposed scheme is provides the better results.
GPSFR: GPS-Free Routing Protocol for Vehicular Networks with Directional Ante...ijwmn
Efficient and practical communications between large numbers of vehicles are critical in providing high level of safety and convenience to drivers. Crucial real-time information on road hazard, traffic conditions and driver services must be communicated to vehicles rapidly even in adverse environments, such as “urban canyons” and tunnels. We propose a novel routing protocol in vehicular networks that does not require position information (e.g. from GPS) but instead rely on relative position that can be determined dynamically. This GPS-Free Geographic Routing (GPSFR) protocol uses the estimated relative position of vehicles and greedily chooses the best next hop neighbor based on a Balance Advance (BADV) metric which balances between proximity and link stability in order to improve routing performance. In this paper, we focuses primarily on the complexity of routing in highways and solves routing problems that arise when vehicles are near interchanges, curves, and merge or exit lanes of highways. Our simulation results show that by taking relative velocity into account, GPSFR reduces link breakage to only 27% that of GPSR in the dense network. Consequently, GPSFR outperforms GPSR in terms of higher data delivery ratio, lower delay, less sensitivity of the network density and route paths’length
Traffic Engineering and Quality of Experience in MPLS Network by Fuzzy Logic ...IJERA Editor
This paper proposes a load balancing algorithm using fuzzy logic so that maximum Quality of Experience can
be achieved. Avoidance of congestion is one of the major performance objectives of traffic engineering in
MPLS networks. Load balancing can prevent the congestion caused due to inefficient allocation of network
resources. Another aspect of the network performance is Quality of Experience (QoE). QoE in
telecommunications terminology, it is a measurement used to determine how well that network is satisfying the
end user's requirements. The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is an important factor in determining the QoE. MOS
is a measurement of the quality delivered by the network based on human perception at the destination end.
Specifically we can tell mean opinion score (MOS) provides a numerical indication of the perceived quality of
received media after compression and/or transmission.
Efficient Load Balancing Routing in Wireless Mesh Networksijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF VELOCITY ON END-TOEND DELAY FOR V2V COMMUNICATION IN ITSijngnjournal
This paper focuses on vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications in VANET. With the development of vehicles and mobile Ad Hoc network technology, the Vehicle Ad hoc Network (VANET) has become an emerging field of study. VANET is a special case of MANET, and will play an important role in city road traffic control. It is a challenging problem for searching and maintaining an effective route for transporting data information. Vehicular Ad Hoc network (VANET), is a hot topic applying mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) to ITS in recent years. In the era of wireless computing, VANET communications are gaining a lot of attention. In this paper we provide a simulation and study of the effect of velocity on end-to-end delay for v2v communication in intelligent transportation Systems
CONGESTION AWARE LINK COST ROUTING FOR MANETSIJCNCJournal
Due to the dynamic topology, self-configuration and decentralized nature of Mobile Ad hoc Network
(MANET), it provides many benefits in wireless networks and is easy to deploy. But the transmission of
data over ad hoc networks has elevated many technical issues for successful routing. Congestion is one of
the important issues which cause performance degradation of a network, due to long delay and high packet
loss. This paper proposes a Congestion aware Link Cost Routing for MANET where the protocol finds a
path with optimized linked cost based on SNR, Link delay, and the and remaining battery power. Along
with this optimization, in this protocol, every node finds its congestion status and participates in the route
discovery on the basis of its status. Data forwarding is also done based on the congestion status at the time
of forwarding. The protocol results in better performance in terms of packet delivery fraction, end to end
delay, throughput, and packet drop when compared to existing protocols.
Adaptive QoS Multicast Routing with Mobility Prediction in MANETs ijasuc
A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile hosts that form a temporary network
without a centralized administration or wired infrastructure. Due to the high mobility of nodes, the network
topology of MANETs changes very fast, making it more difficult to find the routes that message packets use.
Network control with Quality of Service (QoS) support is a key issue for multimedia applications in MANET.
Most of the real time applications have stringent requirements on bandwidth, delay, delay-jitter, packet loss
ratio, cost and other QoS metrics. This paper proposes a Multi-constrained QoS routing with mobility
prediction protocol. If the node has enough resources to transmit data packets, it uses the Global
Positioning System (GPS) to get the location information of the mobile nodes and selects the routing path
with the maximum Route Expiration Time (RET). A set of static and mobile agents are used to find the
multicast routes and transmit the packets. Extensive simulations have been conducted to evaluate the
performance of MC_MAODV using Network Simulator (NS-2). The simulation results show that the
proposed protocol achieves good performance in terms of improving packet delivery ratio and minimizing
end-to-end delay.
Modified q aware scheduling algorithm for improved fairness in 802.16 j networksIJCNCJournal
Deployment of Multi-hop Relays in WiMax based Cellu
lar Networks is considered as a cost effective
solution to increase the Coverage area of Base Stat
ion and also to improve the Network Capacity with h
igh
quality short links. Scheduling became a challengin
g task in these Multi-hop Relay Wireless Cellular
Networks of IEEE 802.16j standard. H. Chen, X. Xie
and H. Wu proposed a Q-aware Scheduling
Algorithm in which back-pressure flow control mecha
nism is used to reflect current Q size of the Relay
s
and considered high back-pressure links to include
in Concurrent Transmission Scenarios, to maximize t
he
throughput. This focus on high back-pressure links,
leads to starvation of Mobile Stations having low
back-
pressure links, resulting unfairness in some cases.
To remedy this situation, a Fair Link Inclusion (F
LI)
mechanism is applied in Greedy Algorithm of Q-aware
Scheduling Algorithm. Simulation results show that
Modified Q-aware Scheduling Algorithm with FLI mech
anism has reasonable improvement in fairness and
maintaining steady throughput when compared with ex
isting algorithms.
QUALITY OF SERVICE STABILITY BASED MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR MANETScseij
Mobile Ad Hoc Networking Does Not Own Any Fixed Infrastructure And Hence, Stable Routing Is The
Major Problem. The Mobility Nature Of Manet’s Node Facilitates Rediscovery Of A New Path To
Organizing A Routing. In Order To Intensify The Quality Of Service And Routing Stability In Manet, We
Propose A Dynamic Quality Of Service Stability Based Multicast Routing Protocol By Modifying The
Cuckoo Search Algorithm Through A Modernizing Mechanism Which Is Derived From The Differential
Evolution Algorithm. Tuned Csa Is A Combined Feature Of Csa And De Algorithms. Periodically, Each
Node In The Network Creates Neighbour Stability And Qos Database At Every Node By Calculating The
Parameters Like Node And Link Stability Factor, Bandwidth Availability, And Delays. Finally, Multicast
Path Constructs Route Request And Route Reply Packets, Stability Information And Performing Route
Maintenance.
SECTOR TREE-BASED CLUSTERING FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL IN HETEROG...IJCNCJournal
One of the main challenges for researchers to build routing protocols is how to use energy efficiently to extend the lifespan of the whole wireless sensor networks (WSN) because sensor nodes have limited battery power resources. In this work, we propose a Sector Tree-Based clustering routing protocol (STB-EE) for Energy Efficiency to cope with this problem, where the entire network area is partitioned into dynamic sectors (clusters), which balance the number of alive nodes. The nodes in each sector only communicate with their nearest neighbour by constructing a minimum tree based on the Kruskal algorithm and using mixed distance from candidate node to base station (BS) and remaining energy of candidate nodes to determine which node will become the cluster head (CH) in each cluster? By calculating the duration of time in each round for suitability, STB-EE increases the number of data packets sent to the BS. Our simulation results show that the network lifespan using STB-EE can be improved by about 16% and 10% in comparison to power-efficient gathering in sensor information system (PEGASIS) and energy-efficient PEGASIS-based protocol (IEEPB), respectively.
Packet Transfer Rate & Robust Throughput for Mobile Adhoc NetworkEswar Publications
An ad-hoc wireless network is highly different considering dynamic stochastic process of its underlying links, leads to link breaks during data transaction. Hence, to provide free flow data transaction, many routing algorithms have the property of link recovery and maintenance procedures to minimize the loss of data during transmission. However these routing method do not guarantee reliable data transmission in some special application conditions with wide requirements on Packet delivery ratio and link quality of the network. Routing is a critical issue in MANET and hence the focus of this paper is the performance analysis of different routing protocols used in the
wireless network. We evaluate the ability of a mobile ad hoc wireless network to distribute flows across robust routes by introducing the robust throughput measure as a performance metric. The utility gained by the delivery of flow messages is based on the level of interruption experienced by the underlying transaction. We describe the mathematical calculation of a network’s robust throughput measure, as well as its robust throughput capacity. We introduce the robust flow admission and routing algorithm (RFAR) to provide for the timely and robust transport of flow transactions across mobile ad hoc wireless systems.
A Survey on the Common Network Traffic Sources ModelsCSCJournals
Selecting the appropriate traffic model can lead to the successful design of networks. The more accurate is the traffic model the better is the system quantified in terms of its performance Successful design lead to enhancement the overall performance of the whole of network .in literature there is innumerous traffic models proposed for understanding and analyzing the traffic characteristics of networks. Consequently, the study of traffic models to understand the features of the models and identify eventually the best traffic model, for a concerned environment has become a crucial and lucrative task. Good traffic modeling is also a basic requirement for accurate capacity planning. This paper provides an overview of some of the widely used network traffic models, highlighting the core features of the model and traffic characteristics they capture best. Finally we found that the N_BURST traffic model can capture the traffic characteristics of most types of networks, under every possible circumstance rather than any type of traffic model.
Traffic-aware adaptive server load balancing for softwaredefined networks IJECEIAES
Servers in data center networks handle heterogeneous bulk loads. Load balancing, therefore, plays an important role in optimizing network bandwidth and minimizing response time. A complete knowledge of the current network status is needed to provide a stable load in the network. The process of network status catalog in a traditional network needs additional processing which increases complexity, whereas, in software defined networking, the control plane monitors the overall working of the network continuously. Hence it is decided to propose an efficient load balancing algorithm that adapts SDN. This paper proposes an efficient algorithm TAASLB-traffic-aware adaptive server load balancing to balance the flows to the servers in a data center network. It works based on two parameters, residual bandwidth, and server capacity. It detects the elephant flows and forwards them towards the optimal server where it can be processed quickly. It has been tested with the Mininet simulator and gave considerably better results compared to the existing server load balancing algorithms in the floodlight controller. After experimentation and analysis, it is understood that the method provides comparatively better results than the existing load balancing algorithms.
Dynamic Shaping Method using SDN And NFV ParadigmsIJCNCJournal
Traffic shaping controls communication traffic flow to prevent a specified communication rate from being exceeded. In conventional networks, the traffic shaping device is implemented at a predetermined location and only a communication flow passing through the device is targeted. If the traffic can be shaped dynamically on any selected communication flows at the optimal point only when necessary, it could use network bandwidths and packet relay processing capacity more efficiently and flexibly.
This paper proposes a dynamic shaping method using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) paradigms, which selects the optimal communication flows to be shaped, and the optimal shaping points dynamically. This paper also presented system configuration and functions for the proposed dynamic shaping, and the method to simplify the process of collecting the traffic data of each communication flow by SDN controller.
WS-OLSR: MULTIPOINT RELAY SELECTION IN VANET NETWORKS USING A WINGSUIT FLYING...IJCNCJournal
The routing protocol is considered the backbone of network communication. However, mobility and
bandwidth availability make optimizing broadcast message flooding a problem in an Optimized Link State
Routing (OLSR)-based mobile wireless network. The selection of Multi-Point Relays (MPRs) has lately
been proposed as a potential approach that has the added benefit of eliminating duplicate re-transmissions
in VANET networks. Wingsuit Flying Search (WFS) is one of the swarm intelligent metaheuristic
algorithms, it enables one to find the minimum number of MPR. In this study, a novel methodology based
on (WFS) is called WS-OLSR (Wingsuit Search-OLSR). The (WS-OLSR) is investigated to enhance the
existing MPR-based solution, arguing that considering a cost function as a further decision measure will
effectively compute minimum MPR nodes that give the maximum coverage area possible. The enhanced
MPR selection powered by (WFS) algorithm leads to decreasing MPR count required to cover 95% of
mobile nodes, increasing throughput , and decreasing topology control which mitigates broadcasting storm
phenomenon in VANETs.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS MESH NETWORK USING ADAPTIVE INFORMANT FACTOR...IJCSES Journal
Wireless mesh network (WMN) has become an important leading technology which provides several types of useful applications such as community network, broadband home network and internet access, etc. The rise in the size of users in WMN has created a degradation of efficiency in a network especially in dense areas due to the clumsy channel allocation and hence creating many challenges for enhancing the users experience, network quality and throughput. Therefore in this paper, we proposed OCA based AIF model that can access the channel information and then it process to improve the RF channel association. The proposed OCA-AIF will function for each period when some interference is detected via AIF and we further extend this analysis by taking in to consideration the influence of interference to provide a high quality indicator in network. The analysis of result shows the optimization by our proposed approach which increases as per the increment of relay nodes (RNs).
QoS Oriented Coding For Mobility Constraint in Wireless Networksiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The congestion control within the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) plays a critical role in
amending data rate to evade congestion from happening possibilities. Based on TCP communication sender
not only guarantees the successful packet delivery, but also maintains the correct sequence of packets by
receiving the frequent acknowledgement from the receiver. In this research we proposed a congestion
control scheme with modified TCP and queue length variation with OLSR routing protocol in MANET. The
TCP protocol performance is modified by forwarding busy channel signals to predecessor nodes through
intermediate nodes in network. The congestion is controlled by that novel method of detecting the node is
busy or ready for communication. If the communication is start in network and the possibility if congestion
is arise, then in that case the queue length is handle the possibility of congestion. The congestion is
minimized due to awaring about the channel busy status and nodes buffer status or queue status. The TCP
protocol is able to handle the congestion situation but i.e. completely based on acknowledgement of receiver
and also not very effective to control it. The proposed TCP congestion control OLSR routing is improves
the network performance by reducing packet loss. The performance of network is measure through
performance metrics like throughput, PDF and Routing overhead in different node density scenarios. The
performance of proposed scheme is provides the better results.
GPSFR: GPS-Free Routing Protocol for Vehicular Networks with Directional Ante...ijwmn
Efficient and practical communications between large numbers of vehicles are critical in providing high level of safety and convenience to drivers. Crucial real-time information on road hazard, traffic conditions and driver services must be communicated to vehicles rapidly even in adverse environments, such as “urban canyons” and tunnels. We propose a novel routing protocol in vehicular networks that does not require position information (e.g. from GPS) but instead rely on relative position that can be determined dynamically. This GPS-Free Geographic Routing (GPSFR) protocol uses the estimated relative position of vehicles and greedily chooses the best next hop neighbor based on a Balance Advance (BADV) metric which balances between proximity and link stability in order to improve routing performance. In this paper, we focuses primarily on the complexity of routing in highways and solves routing problems that arise when vehicles are near interchanges, curves, and merge or exit lanes of highways. Our simulation results show that by taking relative velocity into account, GPSFR reduces link breakage to only 27% that of GPSR in the dense network. Consequently, GPSFR outperforms GPSR in terms of higher data delivery ratio, lower delay, less sensitivity of the network density and route paths’length
Traffic Engineering and Quality of Experience in MPLS Network by Fuzzy Logic ...IJERA Editor
This paper proposes a load balancing algorithm using fuzzy logic so that maximum Quality of Experience can
be achieved. Avoidance of congestion is one of the major performance objectives of traffic engineering in
MPLS networks. Load balancing can prevent the congestion caused due to inefficient allocation of network
resources. Another aspect of the network performance is Quality of Experience (QoE). QoE in
telecommunications terminology, it is a measurement used to determine how well that network is satisfying the
end user's requirements. The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is an important factor in determining the QoE. MOS
is a measurement of the quality delivered by the network based on human perception at the destination end.
Specifically we can tell mean opinion score (MOS) provides a numerical indication of the perceived quality of
received media after compression and/or transmission.
Efficient Load Balancing Routing in Wireless Mesh Networksijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF VELOCITY ON END-TOEND DELAY FOR V2V COMMUNICATION IN ITSijngnjournal
This paper focuses on vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications in VANET. With the development of vehicles and mobile Ad Hoc network technology, the Vehicle Ad hoc Network (VANET) has become an emerging field of study. VANET is a special case of MANET, and will play an important role in city road traffic control. It is a challenging problem for searching and maintaining an effective route for transporting data information. Vehicular Ad Hoc network (VANET), is a hot topic applying mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) to ITS in recent years. In the era of wireless computing, VANET communications are gaining a lot of attention. In this paper we provide a simulation and study of the effect of velocity on end-to-end delay for v2v communication in intelligent transportation Systems
CONGESTION AWARE LINK COST ROUTING FOR MANETSIJCNCJournal
Due to the dynamic topology, self-configuration and decentralized nature of Mobile Ad hoc Network
(MANET), it provides many benefits in wireless networks and is easy to deploy. But the transmission of
data over ad hoc networks has elevated many technical issues for successful routing. Congestion is one of
the important issues which cause performance degradation of a network, due to long delay and high packet
loss. This paper proposes a Congestion aware Link Cost Routing for MANET where the protocol finds a
path with optimized linked cost based on SNR, Link delay, and the and remaining battery power. Along
with this optimization, in this protocol, every node finds its congestion status and participates in the route
discovery on the basis of its status. Data forwarding is also done based on the congestion status at the time
of forwarding. The protocol results in better performance in terms of packet delivery fraction, end to end
delay, throughput, and packet drop when compared to existing protocols.
Adaptive QoS Multicast Routing with Mobility Prediction in MANETs ijasuc
A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile hosts that form a temporary network
without a centralized administration or wired infrastructure. Due to the high mobility of nodes, the network
topology of MANETs changes very fast, making it more difficult to find the routes that message packets use.
Network control with Quality of Service (QoS) support is a key issue for multimedia applications in MANET.
Most of the real time applications have stringent requirements on bandwidth, delay, delay-jitter, packet loss
ratio, cost and other QoS metrics. This paper proposes a Multi-constrained QoS routing with mobility
prediction protocol. If the node has enough resources to transmit data packets, it uses the Global
Positioning System (GPS) to get the location information of the mobile nodes and selects the routing path
with the maximum Route Expiration Time (RET). A set of static and mobile agents are used to find the
multicast routes and transmit the packets. Extensive simulations have been conducted to evaluate the
performance of MC_MAODV using Network Simulator (NS-2). The simulation results show that the
proposed protocol achieves good performance in terms of improving packet delivery ratio and minimizing
end-to-end delay.
Modified q aware scheduling algorithm for improved fairness in 802.16 j networksIJCNCJournal
Deployment of Multi-hop Relays in WiMax based Cellu
lar Networks is considered as a cost effective
solution to increase the Coverage area of Base Stat
ion and also to improve the Network Capacity with h
igh
quality short links. Scheduling became a challengin
g task in these Multi-hop Relay Wireless Cellular
Networks of IEEE 802.16j standard. H. Chen, X. Xie
and H. Wu proposed a Q-aware Scheduling
Algorithm in which back-pressure flow control mecha
nism is used to reflect current Q size of the Relay
s
and considered high back-pressure links to include
in Concurrent Transmission Scenarios, to maximize t
he
throughput. This focus on high back-pressure links,
leads to starvation of Mobile Stations having low
back-
pressure links, resulting unfairness in some cases.
To remedy this situation, a Fair Link Inclusion (F
LI)
mechanism is applied in Greedy Algorithm of Q-aware
Scheduling Algorithm. Simulation results show that
Modified Q-aware Scheduling Algorithm with FLI mech
anism has reasonable improvement in fairness and
maintaining steady throughput when compared with ex
isting algorithms.
QUALITY OF SERVICE STABILITY BASED MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR MANETScseij
Mobile Ad Hoc Networking Does Not Own Any Fixed Infrastructure And Hence, Stable Routing Is The
Major Problem. The Mobility Nature Of Manet’s Node Facilitates Rediscovery Of A New Path To
Organizing A Routing. In Order To Intensify The Quality Of Service And Routing Stability In Manet, We
Propose A Dynamic Quality Of Service Stability Based Multicast Routing Protocol By Modifying The
Cuckoo Search Algorithm Through A Modernizing Mechanism Which Is Derived From The Differential
Evolution Algorithm. Tuned Csa Is A Combined Feature Of Csa And De Algorithms. Periodically, Each
Node In The Network Creates Neighbour Stability And Qos Database At Every Node By Calculating The
Parameters Like Node And Link Stability Factor, Bandwidth Availability, And Delays. Finally, Multicast
Path Constructs Route Request And Route Reply Packets, Stability Information And Performing Route
Maintenance.
SECTOR TREE-BASED CLUSTERING FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL IN HETEROG...IJCNCJournal
One of the main challenges for researchers to build routing protocols is how to use energy efficiently to extend the lifespan of the whole wireless sensor networks (WSN) because sensor nodes have limited battery power resources. In this work, we propose a Sector Tree-Based clustering routing protocol (STB-EE) for Energy Efficiency to cope with this problem, where the entire network area is partitioned into dynamic sectors (clusters), which balance the number of alive nodes. The nodes in each sector only communicate with their nearest neighbour by constructing a minimum tree based on the Kruskal algorithm and using mixed distance from candidate node to base station (BS) and remaining energy of candidate nodes to determine which node will become the cluster head (CH) in each cluster? By calculating the duration of time in each round for suitability, STB-EE increases the number of data packets sent to the BS. Our simulation results show that the network lifespan using STB-EE can be improved by about 16% and 10% in comparison to power-efficient gathering in sensor information system (PEGASIS) and energy-efficient PEGASIS-based protocol (IEEPB), respectively.
Packet Transfer Rate & Robust Throughput for Mobile Adhoc NetworkEswar Publications
An ad-hoc wireless network is highly different considering dynamic stochastic process of its underlying links, leads to link breaks during data transaction. Hence, to provide free flow data transaction, many routing algorithms have the property of link recovery and maintenance procedures to minimize the loss of data during transmission. However these routing method do not guarantee reliable data transmission in some special application conditions with wide requirements on Packet delivery ratio and link quality of the network. Routing is a critical issue in MANET and hence the focus of this paper is the performance analysis of different routing protocols used in the
wireless network. We evaluate the ability of a mobile ad hoc wireless network to distribute flows across robust routes by introducing the robust throughput measure as a performance metric. The utility gained by the delivery of flow messages is based on the level of interruption experienced by the underlying transaction. We describe the mathematical calculation of a network’s robust throughput measure, as well as its robust throughput capacity. We introduce the robust flow admission and routing algorithm (RFAR) to provide for the timely and robust transport of flow transactions across mobile ad hoc wireless systems.
A Survey on the Common Network Traffic Sources ModelsCSCJournals
Selecting the appropriate traffic model can lead to the successful design of networks. The more accurate is the traffic model the better is the system quantified in terms of its performance Successful design lead to enhancement the overall performance of the whole of network .in literature there is innumerous traffic models proposed for understanding and analyzing the traffic characteristics of networks. Consequently, the study of traffic models to understand the features of the models and identify eventually the best traffic model, for a concerned environment has become a crucial and lucrative task. Good traffic modeling is also a basic requirement for accurate capacity planning. This paper provides an overview of some of the widely used network traffic models, highlighting the core features of the model and traffic characteristics they capture best. Finally we found that the N_BURST traffic model can capture the traffic characteristics of most types of networks, under every possible circumstance rather than any type of traffic model.
Traffic-aware adaptive server load balancing for softwaredefined networks IJECEIAES
Servers in data center networks handle heterogeneous bulk loads. Load balancing, therefore, plays an important role in optimizing network bandwidth and minimizing response time. A complete knowledge of the current network status is needed to provide a stable load in the network. The process of network status catalog in a traditional network needs additional processing which increases complexity, whereas, in software defined networking, the control plane monitors the overall working of the network continuously. Hence it is decided to propose an efficient load balancing algorithm that adapts SDN. This paper proposes an efficient algorithm TAASLB-traffic-aware adaptive server load balancing to balance the flows to the servers in a data center network. It works based on two parameters, residual bandwidth, and server capacity. It detects the elephant flows and forwards them towards the optimal server where it can be processed quickly. It has been tested with the Mininet simulator and gave considerably better results compared to the existing server load balancing algorithms in the floodlight controller. After experimentation and analysis, it is understood that the method provides comparatively better results than the existing load balancing algorithms.
Dynamic Shaping Method using SDN And NFV ParadigmsIJCNCJournal
Traffic shaping controls communication traffic flow to prevent a specified communication rate from being exceeded. In conventional networks, the traffic shaping device is implemented at a predetermined location and only a communication flow passing through the device is targeted. If the traffic can be shaped dynamically on any selected communication flows at the optimal point only when necessary, it could use network bandwidths and packet relay processing capacity more efficiently and flexibly.
This paper proposes a dynamic shaping method using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) paradigms, which selects the optimal communication flows to be shaped, and the optimal shaping points dynamically. This paper also presented system configuration and functions for the proposed dynamic shaping, and the method to simplify the process of collecting the traffic data of each communication flow by SDN controller.
WS-OLSR: MULTIPOINT RELAY SELECTION IN VANET NETWORKS USING A WINGSUIT FLYING...IJCNCJournal
The routing protocol is considered the backbone of network communication. However, mobility and
bandwidth availability make optimizing broadcast message flooding a problem in an Optimized Link State
Routing (OLSR)-based mobile wireless network. The selection of Multi-Point Relays (MPRs) has lately
been proposed as a potential approach that has the added benefit of eliminating duplicate re-transmissions
in VANET networks. Wingsuit Flying Search (WFS) is one of the swarm intelligent metaheuristic
algorithms, it enables one to find the minimum number of MPR. In this study, a novel methodology based
on (WFS) is called WS-OLSR (Wingsuit Search-OLSR). The (WS-OLSR) is investigated to enhance the
existing MPR-based solution, arguing that considering a cost function as a further decision measure will
effectively compute minimum MPR nodes that give the maximum coverage area possible. The enhanced
MPR selection powered by (WFS) algorithm leads to decreasing MPR count required to cover 95% of
mobile nodes, increasing throughput , and decreasing topology control which mitigates broadcasting storm
phenomenon in VANETs.
WS-OLSR: Multipoint Relay Selection in VANET Networks using a Wingsuit Flying...IJCNCJournal
The routing protocol is considered the backbone of network communication. However, mobility and bandwidth availability make optimizing broadcast message flooding a
problem in an Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)-based mobile wireless network. The selection of Multi-Point Relays (MPRs) has lately been proposed as a potential approach that has the added benefit of eliminating duplicate re-transmissions in VANET networks. Wingsuit Flying Search (WFS) is one of the swarm intelligent metaheuristic
algorithms, it enables one to find the minimum number of MPR. In this study, a novel methodology based on (WFS) is called WS-OLSR (Wingsuit Search-OLSR). The (WS-
OLSR) is investigated to enhance the existing MPR-based solution, arguing that considering a cost function as a further decision measure will effectively compute minimum MPR nodes that give the maximum coverage area possible. The enhanced MPR selection powered by (WFS) algorithm leads to decreasing MPR count required to cover 95% of mobile nodes, increasing throughput , and decreasing topology control which mitigates broadcasting storm phenomenon in VANETs
Adaptive resource allocation and internet traffic engineering on data networkcsandit
This research paper describes the issues of bandwidth allocation, optimum capacity allocation,network operational cost reduction, and improve Internet user experience. Traffic engineering (TE) is used to manipulate network traffic to achieve certain requirements and meets certain
needs. TE becomes one of the most important building blocks in the design of the Internet backbone infrastructure. Research objective: efficient allocation of bandwidth across multiple paths. Optimum path selection. Minimize network traffic delays and maximize bandwidth utilization over multiple network paths. The bandwidth allocation is performed proportionally over multiple paths based on the path capacity.
Mobile environment pretense a number of novel
theoretical and optimization issues such as position, operation
and following in that a lot of requests rely on them for
desirable information. The precedent works are sprinkled
across the entire network layer: from the medium of physical
to link layer to routing and then application layer. In this
invention, we present outline solutions in Medium Access
Control (MAC), data distribution, coverage resolve issues
under mobile ad-hoc network environment based on
congestion control technique using Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP). In mobile ad-hoc network issues can arise
such as link disconnections, channel contention and recurrent
path loss. To resolve this issue, we propose a Cross Layer
based Hybrid fuzzy ad-hoc rate based Congestion Control
(CLHCC) approach to maximize network performance. Based
on the destination report it regulates the speed of data flow to
control data loss by monitoring the present network status
and transmits this report to the source as advice. The source
adjusts the sending flow rate as per the advice. This is
monitored by channel usage, ultimate delay, short term
throughput.
Litrature Survey of Traffic Analysis and Congestion Modeling In Mobile Network iosrjce
Network congestion is one of the major problems of GSM service providers as the number of
subscribers increase and new services are introduced. All the proposed techniques in literatures for controlling
congestion are centered on two principles which are either to reject excessive traffic to prevent over-utilization
of network resources or diverting excess load if overload occurs. These techniques do not specify how network
resource can be provided to absorb rejected or diverted traffic so that revenue will not be lost during congestion
and hence, they do not really address congestion during busy hour. Real-time traffic analysis is required to
understand user traffic demand pattern on network resources for proper prediction of network congestion so
that resources can be provided to take care of rejected or diverted traffic. However, available literature survey
on mobile network congestion modeling showed that none of the existing literature: address congestion at the
three basic elements of GSM network to characterize end-to-end connection; use busy hour traffic data to
adequately dimension GSM network elements so that the network can cope with load B. Therefore, effective
congestion control mechanism that can take these research gaps into consideration for proper forecasting and
efficient dimension of the network resources to address busy hour congestion must be developed. This paper is a
preliminary report on development of such accurate congestion prediction model through an ongoing research
work using real live network data from one of the Service provider’s networks in Abuja, Nigeria as a case study
JCWAEED: JOINT CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT AND WEIGHTED AVERAGE EXPECTED END-TO-END DE...csandit
In recent years, multi-channel multi-radio Wireless Mesh network has become one of the most important technologies in the evolution of next-generation networks. Its multi-hop, selforganization,self-healing and simple deployment is an effective way to solve the bottleneck problem of last mile. In this paper, we propose a new routing metric called WAEED, deployed in JCWAEED protocol, a joint channel assignment and weighted average expected end-to-end delay routing protocol which considers both interference suppression with factor IF and end-toend delay. Additionally, we give the exact calculation formula of transmission delay and queuing delay. Simulations results demonstrate that JCWAEED outperforms other joint design routing protocols in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay and packet loss rate.
IMPACT OF PARTIAL DEMAND INCREASE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF IP NETWORKS AND RE-OP...EM Legacy
12th GI/ITG CONFERENCE ON MEASURING, MODELLING AND EVALUATION OF COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 3rd POLISH-GERMAN TELETRAFFIC SYMPOSIUM
PGTS 2004
Eueung Mulyana, Ulrich Killat
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Top 10 Oil and Gas Projects in Saudi Arabia 2024.pdf
Multiflow Model for Routing and Policing Traffic in Infocommunication Network
1. International Journal of Engineering Inventions
e-ISSN: 2278-7461, p-ISSN: 2319-6491
Volume 3, Issue 12 (July 2014) PP: 56-59
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 56
Multiflow Model for Routing and Policing Traffic in
Infocommunication Network
Dr. Mohammed Khodayer Hassan
Abstract: Thus the article offers the model represented by algebraic equations and inequalities for routing and
policing traffic in infocommunication network. The novelty of the model is as follows: multiflow nature of
modern ICN is taken into account (1), i.е. a set of flows circling between different pairs of network routers are
considered simultaneously; coherent formalization of processes of traffic routing and policing within the model
that has lower dimensionality in comparison to known earlier is provided; the choice of optimality criterion, use
of which allows to implement multipath routing with consequent inclusion of paths as well as to organize
limitation of flow intensity on all the used routs simultaneously depending on their characteristics and flow
priority. According to the results of the analysis conducted we offer recommendations for choosing relation in
numerical values of routing metrics and service denial regarding the provision of the given values for the main
QoS characteristics, e.g. average packet delay. The model can be used as a basis for perspective protocol
decisions aimed at coherence of solutions for the tasks of traffic routing and policing. Further development of
the given model is possible under full account of stochastic characteristics of packet flows circling in the
network.
Keywords: Model; Routing, Traffic, Flow, Priority, Quality of Service, Network.
I. Introduction
Rapid progress in technologies of info communication networks (ICN) and increase of their
performance is first of all connected with the development of fiber optic communications. Never the less the
problem of overloading still remains an important task. Under high ICN overload provision of the given values
of Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics is possible only at the account of policing (limiting) the traffic
coming on edge network nodes [1]-[3]. Considering multiservice nature of modern ICN limitations of the
intensity with service denials should be related more to low priority flows on the overloaded areas of network.
Thus the process of traffic policing should be adaptive basing on the constant monitoring ICN states – load of
communication links and routers, flow characteristics and QoS requirements. One of the important requirements
is provision of maximal level of consistency between means of traffic policing and routing protocols.
Despite a rather wide spectrum of currently applied network mechanisms and protocols consistent
solution for local tasks of traffic control is not provided. The existing methods for traffic control that are
responsible for its formation, distribution (routing) and limitation have distributive nature and base on the
information of an average rate stated in SLA (Service-Level Agreement) and network topology [1]-[3]. In order
to solve each task of control we should apply different means such as Traffic Shaping and Committed Access
Rate for traffic formation, for routing tasks we use such protocols as IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol),
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), PNNI (Private Network – to – Network Interface) [4]-[6] etc. These means
work consequently and in the best case they define initial data for each other while solving tasks of traffic
control. Besides models for traffic control that are heuristic by their meaning such as shortest path search, token
bucket and lucky bucket are not able to take into account changes in the current load of a network node and
characteristics of traffics of other users; they are also not coherent. This in its turn decreases considerably the
effectiveness of means of control and visibly restricts their application area in ICN.
II. Problem statement
Thus the reason of the low consistency level in solving tasks of traffic control is not only the problem
of the technical implementation of the given requirement; it is more connected with complexity of formalization
of these tasks within the single model. In this case the actual scientific and practical problem is the development
of the complex model able to describe consistently the processes of routing and policing traffic in ICN that
could be a basis of perspective protocols for traffic management.
III. Model for traffic routing and policing in infocommunication network
Currently we know several approaches within which attempts to develop such model were made. The
most successful among them are [7]-[11]. In [7] a model of consistently solving tasks of traffic policing using
implementation of precomputation routing is given. This model suggests that the problem of these paths
2. Multiflow Model For Routing And Policing Traffic In Infocommunication Network
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 57
computation is preliminary solved and it is necessary only to provide distribution of the flows coming into ICN
along the given routs. In [8], [9] two-index model that does not require path precomputation is offered and
investigated. This model is based on the model of flow-based routing, i.e. it considers flow structure of modern
network traffic. Although a model in [8], [9] possesses rather high dimensionality [10] that has negative
influence on perspectives of its computing and software implementation. That is why the given articles offers to
use three-index model of flow-based routing in [10], [11] as a basic one.
Let the structure of the network be described with oriented graph ),( EMG , where M is a set of
nodes (ICN routers) and E is a set of arcs (communication links). For each arc Eji ),( has its bandwidth
ij . Besides, let K be a set of flows, circling in the network.
Regarding multiflow nature of modern ICN as well as necessity of joint description of traffic routing and
policing processes the condition of flow conservation on routers and in ICN in general obtains the next form:
sk Ms
sk
ji
Mm
ik
jm
k
ji
k
ji xxr ,
,
,
,,, )( 1 , (1)
where ik
jmx ,
, is intensity of the k -th flow of packets that must be sent from the m -th to the j -th node via the i -
th node;
k
ji, is a portion of the k -th packet flow from the m -th node to the j -th node that was denied in
service;
k
jir , is intensity of the k -th packet flow arriving to the i -th node from access networks (network users)
for their further transmission to the j -th node;
kM is a set of adjacent nodes for the i -th node from which they can receive packets;
sM is a set of adjacent nodes for the i -th node to which it can send packets.
Then the condition of loop absence in computing routs of packet delivery in the network can be written as
[10], [11]
sk MM . (2)
In its turn the condition of absence of ICN communication channel overload is as follows:
k j
ik
ik
jmx ,
,
, , Eim ),( . (3)
Routing variables i
jkx , and dropping variables ji, should be given several important restrictions as
ji
ik
jm rx ,
,
, 0 , (4)
10 k
ji, . (5)
Fulfillment of the condition (4) provides implementation of multipath routing strategy Introduction of
the condition (5) allows to use adaptive flow limitation under possible overload of communication channels of
the network in general.
Computation of control variables
ik
jmx ,
,
and
k
ji,
should be made consistently providing minimization
of available network (channel) resources usage. In this case it is necessary to present initial task as optimized
with the following target function subjected to minimization:
k i j
k
ji
k
ji
k
ji
k m j
ik
jm
i
i
m fxfJ ,,,
,
, , (6)
where ik
jmf ,
, is routing metrics for the links given by the arc Eim ),( ; k
jif , is metrics of service denials that
depends directly on the priority of k -th flow.
Such choice of target function was made due to the results of the investigation of models that were
known earlier [8], [9]. The choice of linear form
k m j
ik
jm
i
i
m xf ,
, guaranties realization of multipath routing
with consequent inclusion of paths and usage of quadratic form
k i j
k
ji
k
ji
k
ji f ,,, allows to organize
limitation of flow intensity on all used routs simultaneously depending on their characteristics and priority of
flow.
3. Multiflow Model For Routing And Policing Traffic In Infocommunication Network
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 58
In [8], [9] it is showed that denial metrics should be chosen by their numerical values that are bigger
than routing metrics. Relation between metrics is largely determined by the structure of the network: the amount
of communication channels, routers and their connectivity. As the results of conducted investigations have
shown (fig. 1) by choosing the relation between metrics of routing and service denials
ik
jm
k
ji ffd ,
,, , (7)
it is possible to regulate maximal allowed average end-to-end delivery of packets in ICN for any flow. However
when the value of d is getting higher, traffic proofing begins at the border of ICN under higher intensity of the
flow k
jir, , i.e. the higher is d , the lower will be the amount of denials. While obtaining the analysis of the
results in order to make the example more vivid we adopted hypothesis that the work of routing interface was
simulated by the queuing systems M/M/1.
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
rate, packet/sec
averagedelay,sec
d=3
d=4
d=5
Fig. 1. The results of the analysis for the influence of relation between metrics of routing and service denial on
the nature of decisions connected with traffic routing and policing
By the same way it is possible to control other QoS characteristics, e.g. jitter and probability of packet
loss. Besides numerical value of the parameter d (7) for each flow can be specified in the course of
infocommunication network functioning according to the changes of QoS requirements.
IV. Conclusions
Thus the article offers the model represented by algebraic equations and inequalities (1)-(6) for routing
and policing traffic in infocommunication network. The novelty of the model is as follows:
1. Multiflow nature of modern ICN is taken into account (1), i.е. a set of flows circling between different
pairs of network routers are considered simultaneously;
2. Coherent formalization of processes of traffic routing and policing within the model that has lower
dimensionality in comparison to known earlier is provided;
3. The choice of optimality criterion (6), use of which allows to implement multipath routing with
consequent inclusion of paths as well as to organize limitation of flow intensity on all the used routs
simultaneously depending on their characteristics and flow priority.
According to the results of the analysis conducted we offer recommendations for choosing relation in
numerical values of routing metrics ( ik
jmf ,
, ) and service denial ( k
jif , ) regarding the provision of the given values
for the main QoS characteristics, e.g. average packet delay. The model (1)-(6) can be used as a basis for
perspective protocol decisions aimed at coherence of solutions for the tasks of traffic routing and policing.
Further development of the given model is possible under full account of stochastic characteristics of packet
flows circling in the network.
4. Multiflow Model For Routing And Policing Traffic In Infocommunication Network
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 59
REFERENSES
[1.] Vegesna, S. (2001). IP Quality of Service. Cisco Press, 368.
[2.] Álvarez, S. (2006). QoS for IP/MPLS networks. Cisco Press, 299.
[3.] Wang, Z. (2001). Internet QoS: Architectures and Mechanisms. Morgan Kaufmann, 239.
[4.] Pióro, M., Medhi, D. (2004). Routing, Flow, and Capacity Design in Communication and Computer Networks: Morgan
Kaufmann Kaufmann Series in Networking. Elsevier Digital Press, 765.
[5.] Medhi, D. (2007). Network routing: algorithms, protocols, and architectures / Deepankar Medhi, Karthikeyan Ramasamy.
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 788.
[6.] Osterloh, H. (2001). IP Routing. Primer Plus. Sams Publishing, 490.
[7.] Bertsekas, D.P., Gallager, R.G. (1992). Data Networks, 2nd edition. Prentice Hall. 556.
[8.] Lemeshko, A.V, Dobryshkin, Y.N, Drobot, O.A (2010). Results of traffic management models research with taking into account
the priorities defined for the multiproduct and multipolar cases [electronic resource]. Problemy telekomunikatsiy, 2 (2), 33-41. –
URL: http://pt.journal.kh.ua/2010/2/2/ 102_lemeshko_rezults.pdf.
[9.] Lemeshko, A.V, Dobryshkin, Y.N, Shcherbinin, S.A (2008). Model of traffic management analysis of areas of preventive limit
its intensity at the network edge. Modelyuvannya that іnformatsіynі tehnologії. Issue. 49, Kyiv, Institute for Modelling in Energy
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. 65-71.
[10.] Lemeshko, A.V, Gogoleva, M.A (2008). Thread-based model of multipath routing in a telecommunications network. Bulletin of
the State University of Information and Communication Technologies, 6 (2), 162-170.
[11.] Mizin, I.A, Bogatyrev, V.A, Kuleshov, A.P (1986). Packet switching network. Moscow, Radio and Communications, 408.
Author
Mohammed Khodayer Hassan
Ph.D: Computer Science from Iraq commission for computers & Information Institute for postgraduate studies,
Bagdad, Iraq.
Instructor at Al-Rafidain University College, Bagdad, Iraq
Hay Al Mustansuryah, Baghdad, Iraq
For information about the availability of printed works in national and international
Contact tel.: (+964) 770-277-1786
E-mail: aymenaldulaimi@yahoo.com